• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.572-580
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• 2018

Objectives: Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a measurement of the chemicals and their metabolites in human biological samples and has been successfully employed to determine the exposure levels of environmental chemicals. In this study, we analyzed seasonal variations of the blood or urinary levels of chemicals, and assessed that these differences could affect the results of association study. Methods: The Korea National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) is a nationwide survey that analyzes exposure levels of environmental pollutants, 19 kinds of chemicals including heavy metals and organic chemicals, and the exposure factors in the general population. Based on KoNEHS data, we analyzed the levels of chemicals concentrations over the total survey period (2012-2014) and each season, and assessed the association of thyroid measures with phthalate metabolite and BPA. Results: Exposure levels of blood mercury and lead were lower in summer compare to winter. Bisphenol A and PAHs metabolites were higher in spring and summer, but lower in autumn. VOCs metabolites were generally lower in summer and autumn. Phthalate metabolites were higher in all other seasons than in winter. Pyrethroid metabolite, 3-PBA, was higher in summer and autumn. Regarding seasonal variation of chemical exposures, the statistical significance and size of effects between thyroid measures and phthalate and BPA were changed with season. Conclusion: Seasonal variations of chemical exposure and health outcome should be considered for interpreting biomonitoring results from a public health context.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2009

Objectives : To assess the protective effects of wearing protective devices among the residents and volunteers who participated in the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Methods : A total of 288 residents and 724 volunteers were surveyed about symptoms, whether they were wearing protective devices and potential confounding variables. The questionnaires were administered from the second to the sixth week following the accident. Spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites of 4 volatile organic compounds(VOCs), 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and 6 heavy metals. The association between the wearing of protective devices and various symptoms was assessed using a multiple logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. A multiple generalized linear regression model adjusted for the covariates was used to test for a difference in least-square mean concentration of urinary biomarkers between residents who wore protective devices and those who did not. Results : Thirty nine to 98% of the residents and 62-98% of volunteers wore protective devices. Levels of fatigue and fever were higher among residents not wearing masks than among those who did wear masks(odds ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval 1.23-19.86). Urinary mercury levels were found to be significantly higher among residents not wearing work clothes or boots(p<0.05). Conclusions : Because the survey was not performed during the initial high-exposure period, no significant difference was found in metabolite levels between people who wore protective devices and those who did not, except for mercury, whose biological half-life is more than 6 weeks.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2017

호소, 하천 등에 다량의 영양염류의 유입과 수문학적, 지리학적, 생물학적 요소 등으로 인해 남조류가 대량 발생하게 되며 대표적 독성물질인 마이크로시스틴-LR(MC-LR)이 증가한다. MC-LR이 포함된 지표수를 적절하게 처리하기 위하여 정수처리공정에서는 고도산화공정을 적용하고 있다. 다양한 고도산화공정 중 특히 UV, $UV/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3$, $UV/TiO_2$ 등에 대한 연구는 꾸준히 되어왔다. 기존의 UV램프의 짧은 교체주기, 수은 폐기물 발생, 큰 열 손실 등의 단점을 보완한 UV-LED를 MC-LR제거에 적용하였다. MC-LR 초기농도 $100{\mu}g/L$을 280 nm의 파장인 LED-L ($0.024mW/cm^2$)와 LED-H ($2.18mW/cm^2$)를 이용하여 산화시켰을 때 각각 최대 약 30%, 95.9%의 MC-LR 제거율을 나타냈다. LED-H를 조사 시 자연유기물 변화는 휴믹물질, UVD, SUVA가 감소하는 경향을 보였고 방향족 유기물이 지방족 유기물로 분해되어 저분자 물질이 되었다. $LED-H/H_2O_2$($H_2O_2$: 1, 2, 5, 10 mg/L)산화반응에 의한 MC-LR제거율은 LED-H 단독에 의한 MC-LR 제거율과 유사하였다. 남조류가 발생한 낙동강 원수를 대상으로 LED-L산화를 적용하여 수질분석을 통하여 특성변화를 확인하였다. DOC 및 TOC의 변화는 거의 없었으나 SUVA와 $UV_{254}$의 감소로 인하여 유기물의 분해되었으며 조류유래물질인 용존 및 총 MC-LR, geosmin, 2-MIB농도가 시간이 지남에 따라 서서히 감소하였다.