• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.598-607
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• 2010

One of constraints in the application of unit-load method to estimate non-point pollution loads in the total water pollutant load management system (TWPLMS) is the limited numbers of applicable unit-loads. Since only 7 unit-loads are currently available for total 28 land-use categories in the national land register data, each unit-loads inevitably have to represent several land-use categories regardless of their actual land coverage characteristics. As a way to minimize the problem, this study suggested a nested application of the available unit-loads based on the analysis of high resolution aerial images taken in the Kyeongan watershed. Statistical analysis of three selected land-use categories such as school, apartment complex, and golf course showed that there exit significant (95% confidence level) relationships between the registered land-uses and actual land coverages. The school and apartment complex currently considered as 100% ground have only 65% and 80% of ground characteristics, respectively. Golf course, which is considered as 100% pasture, has about 5% of ground area. This indicates that the unit-load method using in TWPLMS can give over estimated non-point pollutant loads for the school and apartment complex (19.8~54.4%) but under estimation for the golf course (80.9%).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2018

Small-scale wastewater discharge facilities account for 98% of all workplaces, but in the generation and emission of major pollutants, they account for 27.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively. Since the proportion of the emission load of the small-scale workplace is not large, the national environmental policy has been established mainly around large-scale wastewater discharge facilities. However, in the case of specific hazardous substances in water, the amount of the discharge load of the small-scale wastewater discharge facility was 2.4 times higher than that of the generation load. Certain types of specific hazardous substances in water, which have a higher discharge load than large-scale wastewater discharge facilities, account for 24 ~ 32 %. There are also cases in which the discharge load from a small-scale discharge facility is more than four times higher, depending on the specific kind of water pollutant. As a result of inspections, the violation rate of the small-scale wastewater discharge facility among the total violations by facilities is 93.9 ~ 97.5 %. As a result, the ecotoxicity value of small-scale wastewater discharge facilities was high in most industries, and there was a fluctuation in the measured value. This indicates that the ecological integrity of the water system can be largely influenced by small-scale wastewater discharge facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the environmental management of small-scale wastewater discharge facilities, and in some cases, the effect of the improvement in quality may be more significant than in the management of large-scale wastewater discharge facilities.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2009

기존의 하천 수질을 규제하던 농도규제방식은 오염부하의 양적증가를 통제할 수 없어 수질개선에 한계성을 지니고 있었다. 수질오염총량관리제도는 폐수 중 오염물질의 총량을 규제하여 환경기준을 달성할 수 있는 허용부하량 이내로 배출 오염물질의 총량을 할당, 규제할 수 있다. 수질오염총량관리제도의 하수발생량 산출시 실측한 값을 사용하지 않고 오염원별 발생원단위를 곱하여 산출하여 실측한 data를 이용한 산출값과 차이가 있다. 수질오염총량관리에 의한 산출결과를 보면 건기시 관거유입량 $26,460.9m^3$/d, 관거이송유량 $17,778.6m^3$/d로 실측한 data를 이용하여 산출한 관거유입량 $17,106.1m^3$/d, 관거이송유량 $19,033.9m^3$/d로 차이가 났으며, 우기시의 경우 수질오염총량관리에 의한 관거유입량 $49,512.2m^3$/d, 관거이송유량 $18,628.7m^3$/d로 실측한 data를 이용하여 산출한 관거유입량 $30,918.2m^3$/d, 관거이송유량 $19,700.7m^3$/d로 차이가 났다. 오염 부하량의 기초값인 하수발생량이 실측한 하수발생량과 차이를 보여 효율적인 제도 수행에 문제점이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

It is desirable that implementation assessment (IA) should be carried out efficiently in order to make successful progress of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) in watershed management. There are many difficulties in the process of the implementation assessment because of the early stage in the application of TMDL in Korea. This study reviewed the present status of IA and proposed the methodology of its improvement such as flexible application of TMDL ledger, and standardization of assessment index and criteria. The deficient time for assessment period could be corrected by the consideration of the post-procedure after the submission of IA report.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.399-402
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• 2001

After the legal foundation for the Total Load Control System (TLCS) process is embedded in integrated water management counterplan for 4 major river basins (1998), Kyunggido Kwangju City prepared the implementation plan of TLCS at first time. There is little difference between TLCS and TMDL(Total Daily Maxium Loading; U.S.A). TMDL is applied only when mandatory effluent limitations are not stringent enough to attain any water quality standard. But object of TLCS not only attain water quality standard at distributed watershed but also consider development of area at non-distributed watershed. For applying of systematic and consistent TLCS, we need to establish a system integrated watershed and point source, non-point source and assessed massive database easily. Now we are study on applicable possibility of BASINS on Korea, we think that BASINS's tool and many models are more easily apply to TLCS, so we recommend TLCS will be applied using BASINS.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2015

To evaluate the unit load generation and discharge, pig cage test was conducted. Feed intake, drink amount, and urine generation increased growth stage (heavy weight) of the pig more great. However, the sum of the urine and manure did not show a significant difference in the growth stages of pigs. Because of the limit of the experiment, e.g., research period, high pigpen temperature, breed-related stress and etc., it could not be derived the results of the four seasons. Therefore, in order to generalize the results, the feed intakes were calibrated using a NRC (National Research and nutritional requirements of pigs from the Commission) standards. The finalized unit load generation and generation amounts of manure and urine were estimated at BOD 104.1 g/head/d, T-N 21.2 g/head/d, T-P 4.9 g/head/d, manure 0.96 L/d, urine 1.66 L/d with consideration of revised feed intake. Compare to the former research results of MOE (Ministry of Environment, 1999) and NIAS (National Institute of Animal Science, 2008), the generation amounts of manure and urine were similar to the NIAS's values. In case of unit load generation, BOD and T-N were almost similar in all of them. However, the T-P unit load generation of MOE was more difference, e.g., 2.5 times high, compare to this study.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.474-477
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• 2005

The Industrial development and the Increase in population have brought out a rapid increase of wastewater discharge. To deal with this matter, much estimate has been spend on construction and management of a large scale sewage treatment plant. Although every effort has been carried out, river water quality has no significantly improved. Especially. the aggravation of the water quality in dry season is brought out a serious social problem. The purpose of this study Is the development of an optimal water quality management technique considering the efficient control of the multiple pollutant load associated with the total pollutant load control. A GUI(Graphical User Interface) system named 'QL2-XP' model is developed by object-oriencted language for the user convenience and practical usage. Suggested GUI system consist of hydraulic analysis. water quality analysis, optimized model calibration processes, and postprocessing the simulation results.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the water quality change when wastewater applied to study paddy fields. CREAMS-PADDY (Chemical, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management System) model was used to estimate the field-scale water quality. Simulated results were compared with observed data monitored from Byeongjeom study paddy fields which is located near the Suwon sewage treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do. Significance analysis was performed for the three different irrigation water quality level and five fertilizer reduction scenarios using LSD (Least Significant Difference) and DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Total nitrogen was found to be significant for both irrigation water quality level and fertilizer reduction while total phosphorus was not. Annual drainage load for total nitrogen was reduced by 66~92 % compared to irrigation load when treated wastewater irrigated to study paddy fields from 2002 to 2007. Total phosphorus was reduced by 70~86 %.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2018

Water management impacts both methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from rice paddy fields. Although irrigation is one of the most important methods for reducing $CH_4$ emission in rice production systems it can also $N_2O$ emissions and reduce crop yields. A feasibility study on the system of rice intensification (SRI) methods with respect to irrigation requirements, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was conducted for either 2 or 3 years depending on the treatment in Korea. The SRI methods (i.e. SRI and midsummer drainage (MD) with conventional practice (CT)) reduced the irrigation requirement by 49.0 and 22.0 %, respectively. Global warming contribution of GHG to different depending on the type of GHG. Therefore, the emission of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ shall be converted to Global Warming Potential (GWP). The GHG emission from the conventional practice with midsummer drainage (MD) and the SRI plots, in GWP were reduced by 49.1 and 77.1 %, respectively. Application of SRI water management method could help to improve Korea's water resources and could thus contribute to mitigation of the negative effects of global warming.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

The use of land cover was sharply changed during 1975~2007 in the Kyungan watershed $(561.12 km^2)$. The changes occurred over an area of more than $227.65 km^2$ during the overall period at changing rates of 1.04% per year for water area, 1.79% per year for residential area, 2.99% per year for bare area, 3.03% per year for wetland area, 3.04% per year for grass area, 0.87% per year for forest and 2.32% per year for agriculture area. Water, residential, bare and wetland areas increased, while grass, forest and agriculture areas decreased during the last 32 years. BOD concentrations of representative sites for each sub-watershed continuously increased until the early 2000s as residential area increased with the highest discharged load, but decreased after the mid 2000s except upper Kyungan watershed. Such decline appears to be associated with the planning of Total Maximum Daily Load management for Gwangju city and expansion of waste water treatment plant. It is necessary to control land use/cover changes of the upper watershed and to prepare appropriate watershed management system for improvement in river environment including water quality, stream flow and bio-diversity.