• 제목/요약/키워드: Total T3

검색결과 7,300건 처리시간 0.041초

우모 digest가 육계의 증체 및 계육 內 taurine 함량에 미치는 영향

  • 홍성진;남궁환;백인기
    • 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
    • /
    • pp.102-103
    • /
    • 2001
  • Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feather digests on the growth of broiler chicks and taurine content in the broiler meat. In Experiment 1, a total of 40 broiler chickens(Ross) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: control(T1), regular feather meal(FM) diet(R-FM, T2), NaOH treated FM diet(NaOH-FM,T3), HNO3 treated FM diet(HNO3-FM,T4). In Experiment 2, a total of 70 broiler chickens were assigned to 7 dietary treatments: T1~T4(same as those of Exp. 1), modified HNO3 treated FM diet(M-HNO3-FM,T5), hair meal diet(HM,T6) and 0.22% cystine supplemented diet(CYS,T7). Feather meals and hair meal were supplemented at the 5% in the diet. In Experiment 1 and 2, weight gain of chicks fed R-FM and NaOH-FM tended to be higher than those of the control and HNO3-FM. In Experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed CYS was highest followed by NaOH-FM, HM, M-HNO3-FM, HNO3-FM, control and R-FM. In Experiment 1, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of control. In Experiment 2, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM and CYS tended to be higher than that of other groups. Taurine content in leg muscle was significantly different among treatments as NaOH-FM and R-FM being highest followed by M-HNO3-FM, CYS, control, HNO3-FM and BM. Taurine content in the liver(Exp. 1 and 2) and heart(Exp. 2) were not significantly affected by treatments. These results indicated that 5% NaOH-FM in the diet was effective in increasing taurine content in breast and leg muscle of broiler chicks.

  • PDF

Effect of Lactobacillus mucosae on In vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Dried Brewers Grain, Methane Production and Bacterial Diversity

  • Soriano, Alvin P.;Mamuad, Lovelia L.;Kim, Seon-Ho;Choi, Yeon Jae;Jeong, Chang Dae;Bae, Gui Seck;Chang, Moon Baek;Lee, Sang Suk
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제27권11호
    • /
    • pp.1562-1570
    • /
    • 2014
  • The effects of Lactobacillus mucosae (L. mucosae), a potential direct fed microbial previously isolated from the rumen of Korean native goat, on the rumen fermentation profile of brewers grain were evaluated. Fermentation was conducted in serum bottles each containing 1% dry matter (DM) of the test substrate and either no L. mucosae (control), 1% 24 h broth culture of L. mucosae (T1), or 1% inoculation with the cell-free culture supernatant (T2). Each serum bottle was filled anaerobically with 100 mL of buffered rumen fluid and sealed prior to incubation for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h from which fermentation parameters were monitored and the microbial diversity was evaluated. The results revealed that T1 had higher total gas production (65.00 mL) than the control (61.33 mL) and T2 (62.00 mL) (p<0.05) at 48 h. Consequently, T1 had significantly lower pH values (p<0.05) than the other groups at 48 h. Ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and acetate:propionate ratio were higher in T1 and T2 than the control, but T1 and T2 were comparable for these parameters. Total methane ($CH_4$) production and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) were highest in T1. The percent DM and organic matter digestibilities were comparable between all groups at all times of incubation. The total bacterial population was significantly higher in T1 (p<0.05) at 24 h, but then decreased to levels comparable to the control and T2 at 48 h. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile of the total bacterial 16s rRNA showed higher similarity between T1 and T2 at 24 h and between the control and T1 at 48 h. Overall, these results suggest that addition of L. mucosae and cell-free supernatant during the in vitro fermentation of dried brewers grain increases the VFA production, but has no effect on digestibility. The addition of L. mucosae can also increase the total bacterial population, but has no significant effect on the total microbial diversity. However, inoculation of the bacterium may increase $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ in vitro.

LEAP 모형을 이용한 건축물의 온실가스 감축 시나리오 분석 - 서울세관건물 그린리모델링 시범사업을 중심으로 - (Analysis of GHG Reduction Scenarios on Building using the LEAP Model - Seoul Main Customs Building Demonstration Project -)

  • 윤영중;김민욱;한준;전의찬
    • 한국기후변화학회지
    • /
    • 제7권3호
    • /
    • pp.341-349
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study is intended to set a greenhouse gas emission scenario based on green remodeling pilot project (Annex building of Seoul Customs Office) using LEAP model, a long-term energy plan analysis model, to calculate the energy saving and greenhouse gas emission till year 2035 as well as to analyze the effect of electric power saving cost. Total 4 scenarios were made, Baseline scenario, assuming the past trend is to be maintained in the future, green remodeling scenario, reflecting actual green remodeling project of Seoul Customs Office, behavior improvement and renewable energy supply, and Total scenario. According to the analysis result, the energy demand in 2035 of Baseline scenario was 6.1% decreased from base year 2013, that of green remodeling scenario was 17.5%, that of behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario was 21.1% and that of total scenario was 27.3%. The greenhouse emission of base year 2013 was $878.2tCO_2eq$, and it was expected $826.3tCO_2eq$, approx. 5.9% reduced, in 2035 by Baseline scenario. the cumulative greenhouse gas emission saving of the analyzing period were $-26.5tCO_2eq$ by green remodeling scenario, $2.8k\;tCO_2eq$ by behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario, and $2.0k\;tCO_2eq$ by total scenario. In addition the effect of electricity saving cost through energy saving has been estimated, and it was approx. 634 million won by green remodeling scenario and appro. 726 million won by behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario. So it is analyzed that of behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario would be approx. 12.7% higher than that of green remodeling scenario.

강원도산(江原道産) 소나무천연림생태계(天然林生態系)의 Biomass 및 Net Primary Production에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Biomass and Net Primary Productivity of Pinus densiflora Natural Ecosystem in Kangwondo, Korea)

  • 이수욱
    • 한국산림과학회지
    • /
    • 제71권1호
    • /
    • pp.74-81
    • /
    • 1985
  • 강원도산(江原道産) 소나무천연림(天然林)의 생산성(生産性)을 파악(把握)하기 위하여 10본(本)의 표본목(標本木)을 벌도(伐倒)하고 각(各) 부위별(部位別) 및 총(總) biomass와 biomass 추정방정식(推定方程式) 모형으로는 $Wt=aD^bH^c$가 가장 적합(適合)하였다. 2) 임분(林分) biomass 추정량(推定量)은 지상부(地上部) 총량(總量)이 198.82 t/ha였으며 부위별(部位別)로는 수간목부(樹幹木部)가 136.82 t/ha, 생지부(生枝部)가 32.81 t/ha, 수피부(樹皮部)가 10.72 t/ha 엽량(葉量)이 9.07 t/ha 죽은가지가 7.30 t/ha 였다. 3) 순생산량(純生産量)은 지상부총량(地上部總量)이 15.87 t/ha/yr였으며 부위별(部位別)로는 수간목부(樹幹木部)가 7.04 t/ha/yr., 생지부(生枝部)가 4.91 t/ha/yr., 엽량(葉量)이 2.21 t/ha/yr., 소지(小枝)가 1.13 t/ha/yr., 수피(樹皮)가 0.52 t/ha/yr 였다. 4) Leaf efficiency는 1.876으로서 연간지상부(年間地上部) 총생산량(總生産量) 15.87 t/ha/yr와 비교적 잘 연관되어 있다.

  • PDF

사초용 호맥 (Secale cereale L.) 과 Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) 의 혼작에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Mixed Cropping with Forage Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.))

  • 전병태;이상무;문상호
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
    • /
    • 제16권3호
    • /
    • pp.199-207
    • /
    • 1996
  • This experiment was canied out to determine the effects of seeding method and seeding ratio in mixed cropping of forage rye and red clover on dry matter yield, nutritional yield and chemical characteristics of soil. The main treatment was two seeding methods(drilling and broadcasting) and the sub treatment was six seeding ratios between rye and red clover(T1; 150kg : 0 kg/ha, T2; 120 : 3, T3; 90 : 6, T4; 60 : 9, T5; 30 : 12, T6; 0 : 15). The experiment was performed at the College of Natural Science of Kon-Kuk University in Chungju in 1992. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Protein content was increased by increasing the seeding ratio of red clover, but content of NDF and ADF were decreased. 2. The seeding method did not affects significantly the dry matter yield, but broadcasting showed higher dry matter yield than drilling in the same seeding ratio. Especially, T3 of broadcasting was the highest yield of 13, 172 kg/ha The T3 of broadcasting and T4 of drilling showed hlghly crude protein yield of 1, 268 kgha and 1, 252 kg/ha, respectively. 3. Comparing the each seeding ratio of two seeding method, total nitrogen yield of shoot and root of drilling were higher than broadcasting. Especially, T2 and T4 of drilling were the highest in total nitrogen yield. 4. There were more increase in organic matter and nitrogen contents but decrease in K, Ca of soil by increasing the seeding ratio of red clover than soil before experiment. In the seeding methods, broadcasting was an effect of soil improvement.

  • PDF

도시생태계 수목의 대기정화 역할 -용인시를 사례료- (Role of Atmospheric Purification by Trees in Urban Ecosystem -in the Case of Yongin-)

  • 조현길;안태원
    • 한국조경학회지
    • /
    • 제29권3호
    • /
    • pp.38-45
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study quantified annual $CO_2$, SO$_2$ and NO$_2$ uptake and annual $O_2$ production by trees in Yongin´s urban ecosystem, and explored values of urban tree plantings in atmospheric purification. Woody plant cover was only 7.7% with planting density of 1. trees/100$m^2$, and the tree-age structure was largely characterized by a young, growing tree population. Annual per capita pollutant emissions from fossil fuel consumption were 7.3t/yr for $CO_2$, 7.6kg/yr for SO$_2$, and 26.6kg/yr for NO$_{x}$. Carbon dioxide storage per unit urban area by trees was 13.1t/ha and the economic value for $CO_2$ storage was ₩6.6millions/ha. Annual atmospheric purification was 2.0t/ha/yr for $CO_2$ uptake, 2.0kg/ha/yr for SO$_2$ uptake, 4.0kg/ha/yr for NO$_2$ uptake and 1.5t/ha/yr for $O_2$ production, and the annual economic value for the atmospheric purification was ₩1.5millions/ha/yr. Urbantrees stored an amount of $CO_2$ equivalent to about 3.1% of the total annual $CO_2$ emissions, and annually offset total $CO_2$ emissions by 0.5%. Annual SO$_2$ and NO$_2$ uptake by trees equaled 0.5% of total SO$_2$ emissions and 0.3% of total NO$_{x}$ emissions, respectively. Urban trees also played an important role through producing annually 9.2 of the $O_2$ requirement for Yongin´s total population, despite relatively poor tree plantings. Future active plantings and greenspace enlargement in the study city could enhance the role of atmospheric purification by urban trees. The results from this study are expected to be useful in emphasizing environment benefits of urban trees, and in urging the continuous necessity for tree planting and management budget.get.

  • PDF

New roughage source of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham utilization for ruminants feeding under global climate change

  • Mapato, Chaowarit;Wanapat, Metha
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제31권12호
    • /
    • pp.1890-1896
    • /
    • 2018
  • Objective: As the climate changes, it influences ruminant's feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen methane production and emission. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding Sweet grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham; SG) as a new source of good quality forage to improve feed utilization efficiency and to mitigate rumen methane production and emission. Methods: Four, growing crossbred of Holstein Friesian heifers, 14 months old, were arranged in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. Treatment 1 (T1) was rice straw (RS) fed on ad libitum with 1.0% body weight (BW) of concentrate (C) supplementation (RS/1.0C). Treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3) were SG, fed on ad libitum with 1.0% and 0.5% BW of concentrate supplementation, respectively (SG/1.0C and SG/0.5C, respectively). Treatment 4 (T4) was total Sweet grass fed on ad libitum basis with non-concentrate supplementation (TSG). Results: The results revealed that roughage and total feed intake were increased with SG when compared to RS (p<0.01) while TSG was like RS/1.0C treatment. Digestibility of nutrients, nutrients intake, total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), rumen microorganisms were the highest and CH4 was the lowest in the heifers that received SG/1.0C (p<0.01). Total dry matter (DM) feed intake, digestibility and intake of nutrients, total VFAs, $NH_3-N$, bacterial and fungal population of animals receiving SG/0.5C were higher than those fed on RS/1.0C. Reducing of concentrate supplementation with SG as a roughage source increased $NH_3-N$, acetic acid, and fungal populations, but it decreased propionic acid and protozoal populations (p<0.05). However, ruminal pH and blood urea nitrogen were not affected by the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Conclusion: As the results, SG could be a good forage to improve rumen fermentation, decrease methane production and reduced the level of concentrate supplementation for growing ruminants in the tropics especially under global climate change.

임하댐의 위생학적 수질조사 연구 (Study on the Hygenic Water Quality in Imha Dam)

  • 이희무
    • 환경위생공학
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.25-34
    • /
    • 1995
  • A Study on environmental Investigation in Imha Dam for the finding the degree of water quality and heavy metals was carried out at 4 sampling station during the period from August 15, 1993 to May 7, 1994. The results were as follows. 1. The ranges of values of pH for water were st. 1-7.56, st.2-7.77, st.3-7.9, st.4-7,7 on the average. Total average of pH values were 7.56-7.9 2. The ranges of values of DO for water were st.1-8.71($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-8.64($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-10. 25($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-9.01($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of DO of values were 8.64-10.25($mg/{\ell}$). 3. The ranges of values of BOD for water were st.1-1.1($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-1.0($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 86($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.99($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of BOD of values were 0.86-1.1($mg/{\ell}$). 4. The ranges of values of COD for water were st.1-1.12($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-1.4($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 98($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-1.46($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of COD of values were 0.98-1.46($mg/{\ell}$). 5, The ranges of values of T- N for water were st.1-0.36($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-0.49($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 23($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.83($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of T-N of values were 0.23-0.83($mg/{\ell}$). 6. The ranges of values of T-P for water were st.1-0.053($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-0.06($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0.02($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.07($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of T-P of values were 0.02-0.07($mg/{\ell}$). 7. In the E. soli group distribution were counted st.1-1130, st.2-1113, st.3-152.3, st.4-1253 by the MPN test. Total distribution of E. soil group were 152.3-1253. 8. The concentration of heavy metals of Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn were measured st.1-0.59, 0.18, 0 04, 74.6( ${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.2-0.39,0.29,0.03, 54.3(${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.3-0.1,0.3, ND, 8(${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.4-0.96, 0 26,0.23,45.6(${\mu}g/{\ell}$) on the average. Cd, Hg, Cr were not detected in the sampling site.

  • PDF

베도라치(Enedrias nebulosus)의 연령, 성장 및 산란 (Age, Growth and Spawning of Enedrias nebulosus)

  • 강용주;김영혜;김원태
    • 한국수산과학회지
    • /
    • 제29권2호
    • /
    • pp.191-196
    • /
    • 1996
  • 부산 가덕도 연안에서 1990년 11월부터 1991년 10월까지 채집한 베도라치의 연령, 성장 및 산란을 조사하였다. 연령형질은 이석을 사용하였고, 윤문은 투명대에서 불투명대로 이행하는 경계로 하였다. 윤문 형성시기는 12월이었고, 년 1회 형성되었다. 산란기는 11월에서 12월로 추정되었고, 주산란기는 12월이었다. 따라서 초륜이 형성되기까지 소요되는 기간은 1.0년 으로 추정되었다. 베도라치의 성장식은 $L_t=33.64(1-e^{-0.1357(t+2.6853)})$, $W_t=414.11(1-e^{-0.1357(t+2.6853)})^{3.9745}$ 이었다.

  • PDF

콩기름, 쇼트닝, 올리브유의 감자 스틱 튀김 횟수에 따른 트랜스 지방산 함량의 변화 (Changes in Total Trans Fatty Acid Content in Soybean Oil, Shortening, and Olive Oil Used for Frying)

  • 전미선;김지영;이주운;이기택
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
    • /
    • 제18권2호
    • /
    • pp.181-189
    • /
    • 2008
  • In this study, changes in total trans fatty acid (tFA) and fat contents were determined in soybean oil, shortening, and olive oil after potato sticks were fried 30 consecutive times, respectively. Prior to frying, the potato sticks contained 3.8% fat, with 43.2% tFAs, After the first frying in soybean oil, the total tFA content of the potato sticks sharply decreased to 3.2%, and then it gradually increased to 8.1 % after 30 consecutive times of frying. However, the total fat content of the potato sticks, fried in soybean oil increased to 15.2% after the first frying and thereafter it decreased to 9.75% with 30 repeated episodes of frying. When the potato sticks were fried in olive oil, similar changes in tFA and fat contents were shown; while such changes were not observed when shortening was used. After 30 consecutive frying events, the tFA contents in the soybean oil and olive oil increased to 4.15 and 5.75%, respectively; however, such an increase was not observed in the shortening. One can assume that most of the tFAs in the fried oils were from the potato sticks, which contained relatively high tFA content during the repeated deep-frying process.

  • PDF