• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2012

Total suspended solids (TSS), settleable suspended solids (SSS) and nonsettleable suspended solids (NSSS) were compared in streams and lakes during rain events. Samples were collected in Lake Soyang and nine agricultural streams during storm events over two years. To measure NSSS, samples were settled in 1 L cylinders for one hour and then 50% of the total sample volume was taken from the center of the cylinder. The SSS/TSS ratio in streams (0.50) was higher than in Lake Soyang (0.20). The ratio of TSS to turbidity decreased from 1.21 in the inflowing river to 0.69 in the reservoir outlet. Turbidity and NSSS showed higher correlation ($r^2$=0.82) compared with the correlation between turbidity and TSS ($r^2$=0.66). Median particle size decreased from $11.4\;{\mu}m$ in the inflowing river to $4.2\;{\mu}m$ in the lake outlet. The results indicate that only fine particles of less than $5{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$ can be transported downstream of the lake. Because fast-flowing water in streams includes not only fine particles but also coarse particles, an overestimation of suspended sediment concentration results if only TSS is measured. Consequently, TSS and NSSS should be measured separately to evaluate the effect of suspend sediment loadings of turbid streams on aquatic habitat during the monsoon season.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

In a simulated seawater aquaculture system, effects of different operating factors like the superficial air velocity (SAY), hydraulic residence time (HRT), protein concentration and foam overflow height on the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) by a foam fractionator, with 20 cm diameter and 120 cm height, were investigated. This experiment was performed on batch and consecutive modes for different combinations of the tested factors, using synthetic wastewater. In 5 consecutive trials, TSS concentration in culture tank water decreased faster, when the foam fractionator was operated at higher SAV and lower HRT. In batch trials, with increasing SAV, TSS removal rate increased, but decreased with increasing HRT. Higher protein concentration in the bulk solution resulted in higher TSS removal rate. TSS concentration in the collected foam condensates increased but the foam overflow rate decreased with increasing foam overflow height. Foam fractionation was effective for removing TSS in seawater aquaculture systems and its performance largely depended on the operating parameters, especially superficial air velocity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

The fate and transport mechanism of pollutants which have affinities to particles, such as trace metals and some petroleum product based compounds, can be effectively explained by the movement of sediment. The sediment release from lands to adjacent water bodies due to rainfall events was investigated in an effort to predict the total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in runoff. The contribution of sediment from land origin to the river TSS can be better understood by the relationship between TSS concentration and particle size in runoff. The sieve analysis was used to determine the particle size distribution and these results were incorporated into statistical models. The critical size of particles was set to $74{\mu}m$ which contributes to the river TSS concentration since fine particles (wash load) of the sediment in the runoff play the key role in constituting TSS in a water column of the river. Empirical relationships were developed to predict TSS in runoff from the percentage of the critical particle size and were proven statistically to be valid.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.572-579
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• 2017

Increased impervious surface caused by rapid urbanization serves to produce the discharge of non-point source pollutants such as total suspended solid (TSS). There exist various methods of removing TSS, including a filtration process using granular media (a well-known method to be practically used after the consideration of removal efficiency, clogging, and backwashing efficiency). To determine the TSS removal capability of the filter, we initially performed lab-scale experiments which assessed flow rates, influent concentrations, permeability co-efficients, the particular shapes of suspended solids and potential clogging, and also evaluated TSS removal efficiency when applied to filtration facility in a pilot-scale. In low filtration flux condition, the removal efficiency of suspended solids was more than 95 %, while decreased to 83% in high filtration flux. Regarding the clogging aspect of the experiment, total cumulative solids were loaded up to $19.15kg/m^2$, and TSS removal efficiency was noted to commence to decrease when the loaded solids exceeded $9.0kg/m^2$. It was also noted, however, that superior efficiency was maintained for six hours. In addition, for pilot-scale experiment, the removal efficiency was still high enough (83.4 %) for the solid concentration of 140 ~ 343 mg SS/L and after backwashing, head loss was recovered to 92 ~ 95 % during two hour filtration. With these results, It was confirmed that lifetime of the filter applied to the test was prolonged due to the high treatment efficiency and good backwashing efficiency for the cumulative solids load.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.739-745
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• 2013

This paper investigated the runoff characteristics of different properties of suspended solids in streams according to the watershed characteristics and dry/rainy season. Suspended solids were divided into VSS and NVSS depending on volatilization. The main results of this study were as follows. TSS were more correlated with NVSS than VSS. Suspended solids were positively related with the proportion of urban > paddy > upland, negatively related with forest cover. VSS were positively correlated with POP and POC. VSS, measured in dry season, would partly result from autochthonous production and could be an indirect indicator of organic suspended solids.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 2009

This study examined the separation characteristics of particles in the rainfall runoff from paved roads using a ${\varphi}7.5$ cm hydrocyclone. The volume fraction and total suspended solids concentrations in the overflow and underflow from the hydrocyclone, as well as the separation efficiency were determined. The results indicated that the overflow volume increased with increasing operational pressure, but decreased with decreasing ratio of underflow outlet to inlet sizes ($D_u/D_i$), while the underflow to overflow volumes showed contrary behavior. The total suspended solid (TSS) concentration ratio between the overflow and inflow ($TSS_{over/in}$) decreased as a function of the operational pressure, while the corresponding ratio of underflow to inflow ($TSS_{under/in}$) increased. There was no visible difference in the $TSS_{over/in}$ with increasing $D_u/D_i$ ratio, but the $TSS_{under/in}$ decreased sharply. The particle removal efficiency was mainly affected by the particle size.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2003

The floating bead filter was tested for treatment of aquacultural water in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system. Performance of floating bead filter on the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and the treatment of nitrogen sourer such as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were evaluated. The system was stocked with Nile tilapia at an initial rearing densities of $5\%\;and\;7\%$ over 30 days. The average TSS removal rates were $43.0\;g/m^2{\cdot}day\;and\;39.5\;g/m^2{\cdot}day$ for rearing density of $5\%\;and\;7\%$, respectively. As rearing density increased from $5\%\;to\;7\%$. the TAN removal efficiency decreased from $22.0\%\;to\;17.7\%$. At the rearing densities of $5\%\;and\;7\%$, the average TAN removal rates and removal efficiencies were $38.8\;g/m^2{\cdot}day,\;15.6\%\;and\;37.8\;g/m^2{\cdot}day.\;17.7\%,$ respectively. The average TAN removal rate was $37.8-38.8\;g/m^3{\cdot}day.$ The oxygen consumption by floating bead filter was higher than theoretical oxygen consumption rate by nitrification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

A coagulation-flocculation (CF) process using aluminum sulfate as a coagulant was employed to treat highly suspended solids in tunnel wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the effects of three factors (coagulant dosage, pH and temperature) on total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency as well as to identify optimal values of those factors to maximize removal of TSS. Optimal conditions of coagulant dosage and pH for maximum TSS removal changed depending on the temperature ($4{\sim}24^{\circ}C$). As temperature increased, the amount of coagulant dosage and pH level decreased for maximum TSS removal efficiency during the CF process. Proper adjustment of optimal pH and coagulant dosage to accommodate temperature fluctuations can improve TSS removal performance of the CF process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

In order to evaluate primary clarifier performance on TSS(Total Suspended solids) removal, four different sampling sets were collected as part of this study; (1) weekly test, (2) the diurnal sampling, (3) the settling velocity distribution sampling. Primary effluent TSS($TSS_{PE}$) and non settleable TSS($TSS_{NON}$) concentrations were averaged 160 and 75.5 mg/L, respectively. These data suggest approximately 85 mg/L TSS can be removed more. Average $TSS_{NON}$, $TSS_{PE}$, and Dispersed TSS(DTSS) concentrations(75.5, 160, and 104 mg/L, respectively) suggest that 28.5 mg/L of TSS difference attributable to poor flocculation, whereas 56 mg/L of TSS difference attributable to poor hydraulics within primary clarifier. In this study, equations for maximum TSS removal efficiency and effluent TSS concentration were suggested and compared with experimented data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2015

Non-point source pollution associated with suspended solids in stormwater has been known to often adversely affect surface water ecosystems. Various methods of treating stormwater in the basin area before the stormwater reaches the receiving body of water have been developed. However, these treatment methods tend to be costly to install and also to maintain. In this study, an economical way of removing TSS (total suspended solids) from stormwater runoff with a fabric filter system was developed. Polyester was chosen as a fabric-filter material, because it was found to be economical in cost and relatively resistant to various chemicals. An experimental device was developed and used to determine filtration rates through polyester fabric samples of a series of several pore-opening sizes ($20{\mu}m$ to $94{\mu}m$) under a series of water-heads (0.25 to 1 m). It was found that the filtration rate increased as the size of water head increased. It was also found that the smaller the pore size of the fiber filter was, the higher the TSS removal efficiency was. However, the TSS removal efficiency was not found to be much different among the filters with different sizes of pore opening due to the fact that most mass of TSS was associated with large particles.