• 제목/요약/키워드: Total N

검색결과 11,128건 처리시간 0.043초

Effects of Protected Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Milk Fatty Acid in Dairy Cows

  • Piamphon, N.;Wachirapakorn, Chalong;Wanapat, M.;Navanukraw, C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2009
  • The objective was to determine the effects of supplementation of protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), CLA-20 comprising 10% each of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12, on milk production and fatty acid profiles in plasma and milk in lactating dairy cows. Five mid-lactation, multiparous crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with average 402${\pm}$20 kg BW were used in a 5${\times}$5 Latin square design for 21-d periods. Cows were given a total mixed ration (TMR) and supplemented with CLA-20 at 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g/d. The results showed that dry matter intake depression occurred in cows supplemented with CLA-20 at 160 g/d. Milk production slightly increased when CLA-20 supplementation was at 20, 40 and 80 g/d. However, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) was not affected by CLA-20 supplementation. Increased levels of CLA-20 supplementation resulted in a significantly decreased percentage of milk fat. Plasma concentrations of fatty acid were not altered by the amounts of CLA-20 supplementation except for the concentration of trans-10, cis-12 CLA. For all dietary treatments, percentages of fatty acids (C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C13:0, C14:0 C14:1 C15:0 C15:1 C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9t, C18:2n6t, C18:2n6c, C20:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:1 and C20:3n6) in milk fat were similar. Concentrations of C10:0, C11:0, C12:0 and C18:1n9c were decreased cubically and C18:0 was elevated linearly (p<0.01) according to the increased amounts of CLA-20 supplemented. The linear increase was observed for cis-9, trans-11 CLA (0.62, 1.17, 1.94, 1.87 and 1.82% of total fatty acid), trans-10, cis-12 CLA (0.01, 0.63, 0.67, 0.93 and 0.95% of total fatty acid) and total CLA (0.80, 2.25, 3.16, 3.97 and 3.94% of total fatty acid) in milk fat from 0 to 160 g/d of CLA-20 supplement. In conclusion, concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat was concomitantly elevated at an increasing rate with the increased amounts of CLA-20. Based on the results in this study, supplementation of CLA-20 at 80 g/d optimally enhanced total CLA in milk fat.

한국산 참마자, Hemibarbus longirostris(Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) 자치어의 골격발달 (Osteological Development of Larvae and Juvenile of Hemibarbus longirostris (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Korea)

  • 문성준;박재민;한경호
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.214-221
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    • 2019
  • 이 연구는 참마자 자치어의 골격발달을 관찰하여 유연종 간의 분류학적 연구 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 부화 직후 난황자어는 평균전장 8.10±0.02 mm (n=5)로 두개골의 액골과 부설골, 기저후두골이 골화하였고, 부화 후 6일째 중기자어는 평균전장 10.9±0.26 mm (n=5)로 두개골의 설악골, 접속골, 외익상골이 골화였으며, 부화 후 12일째 후기자어는 평균전장 12.2±0.55 mm (n=5)로 새개부의 간새개골, 견대부의 하후쇄골이 골화하였다. 부화 후 25일째 후기자어는 평균전장 16.1±0.27 mm (n=5)로 구개부의 상설골, 간설골이 골화하였고, 미골부에는 2개의 상미축골이 골화하였으며, 신경간극과 혈관간극이 골화하였다. 부화 후 40일째 치어는 평균전장 27.9±3.74 mm (n=5)로 미골부의 하미축골이 3개(1, 2+3, 4+5)의 형태로 융합하면서 모든 부위의 골격발달이 완성되었다.

떡붕어, Carassius cuvieri (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)의 난발생 및 자치어 형태발달 (Morphological Development of Eggs, Larvae and Juveniles of the Carassius cuvieri (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae))

  • 박재민;한경호
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 경북 낙동강에 서식하는 떡붕어의 초기생활사를 관찰하여 근연종과 차이점을 확인하기 위해 분류학적 기초자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 떡붕어 암컷의 산란량은 30,400~44,900개(37,650±7,250개) 정도였다. 난의 형태는 원형으로 크기는 1.24~1.37 mm (1.31±0.04 mm, n=30)였다. 수정란은 수온 21℃에서 부화까지 110시간이 소요되었다. 부화 직후의 난황자어는 전장 4.69~5.65 mm (5.15±0.31 mm, n=10)로 입과 항문은 열려있지 않았고 난황을 가지고 있었다. 부화 후 3일째 전기자어는 전장 6.27~6.70 mm (6.59±0.08 mm, n=10)로 난황 흡수가 완료되면서 먹이를 섭취하였다. 부화 후 10일째 후기자어는 전장 8.71~8.92 mm (8.81±0.07 mm, n=10)로 꼬리지느러미 말단 끝부분이 45°로 휘어졌다. 부화 후 42일째는 전장 15.1~16.8 mm (15.8±0.57 mm, n=10) 각 부위별 지느러미 기조 수(등지느러미 iii17개, 뒷지느러미 iii4개)가 정수로 도달하면서 치어기로 이행하였다.

낙동강 수계 위천에 서식하는 누치 Hemibarbus labeo의 난발생 및 자치어 형태발달 (Development of Eggs, Larvae and Juveniles of the Hemibarbus labeo from Wicheon Stream, Nakdonggang-River)

  • 박재민;한경호
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.10-19
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    • 2024
  • 이 연구는 낙동강 수계 위천에 서식하는 누치의 초기생활사를 규명하고 근연종과 특징을 비교하였다. 2021년 4월 산란장 4곳에서 채집된 수정란을 대상으로 난발생과 자치어 형태 발달을 관찰하였다. 수정란은 점착성을 가진 침성란으로 난 크기는 1.93~2.39 (평균 2.22±0.15, n =30) mm였다. 수온은 22.2~24.1℃에서 부화시간은 109~115시간이 소요되었다. 부화 직후 자어 크기는 7.50~8.80 (평균 7.99±0.46) mm로 입과 항문이 발달하지 않았고 난황을 갖고 있었다. 부화 후 6일째 전기자어는 전장 9.49~10.2 (평균 9.78±0.23, n=30) mm로 먹이를 섭취하였다. 부화 후 10일째 중기자어는 전장 9.97~11.9 (평균 10.7±0.72, n=30) mm로 척추 말단부분 미부봉상골이 휘어지기 시작하였다. 부화 후 20일째 후기자어는 전장 12.6~15.2 (평균 13.9±0.77, n=30) mm로 미부봉상골이 45°로 완전히 휘어졌다. 부화 후 29일째 치어는 전장 16.9~19.8 (평균 18.1±0.91, n=30) mm로 등지느러미 10개, 뒷지느러미 9개, 배지느러미 7개로 지느러미 기조 수가 정수에 달하였다. 누치는 후기자어 시기 머리부분, 몸 정중앙, 지느러미 위쪽 등 흑색소포 분포 위치가 근연종들과 다르게 나타나 형태적인 특징을 구분할 수 있었다.

Effect of Ruminal NH3-N Levels on Ruminal Fermentation, Purine Derivatives, Digestibility and Rice Straw Intake in Swamp Buffaloes

  • Wanapat, M.;Pimpa, O.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.904-907
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    • 1999
  • The experiment was aimed at studying the effect of ruminal $NH_3-N$ levels on ruminal fermentation, microbial population, urinary purine derivative excretion, digestibility and rice straw intake in swamp buffaloes. Five, 3 to 4 years old, rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned according to a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design to rceive five different intraruminal infusions of $NH_4HCO_3$ (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g/d) on a continuous daily basis. Rice straw as a roughage was offered ad libitum while concentrate was given at 0.8% BW daily. The results were that as levels of $NH_4HCO_3$ increased, ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentrations increased from 7.1 to 34.4 mg%. The highest digestibility and voluntary straw intakes were found at 13.6 to 17.6 mg% ruminal $NH_3-N$ levels; straw intake was highest at 13.6 mg%. Total bacterial and protozoal counts linearly increased as the ruminal $NH_3-N$ increased and were highest at 17.6 mg%. Total urinary purine derivatives and allantoin excretion were highest (44.0, 37.4 mM/d) at 17.6 mg% ruminal $NH_3-N$. Highest total VFAs (115 mM) were obtained a 13.6 mg% ruminal $NH_3-N$ while blood urea nitrogen significantly increased as ruminal $NH_3-N$ increased. The results from this experiment suggest that optimum ruminal $NH_3-N$ in swamp buffaloes is higher than 13.6 mg%, for improving rumen ecology, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility and straw intake.

곤충에 의한 계분의 분해 특성평가에 대한 연구(2) (A Case Study on Facilitating the Decomposition of Poultry Manure using Insect Larvae(2))

  • 장우환;문상철;최인학
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제31권11호
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    • pp.993-997
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    • 2022
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the structure and composition (i.e., pH, moisture, total-N, pathogens, and volatile fatty acids) of broiler and duck manure treated with larvae of three insect larvae, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer. Hatched Tenebrio molitor (n=300), Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and Ptecticus tenebrifer (n=300) were used in this study; specially, the larvae were divided into six treatments with three replicates. The treatments were as follows: T1: 110 g broiler manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T2: 110 g duck manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T3: 125 g broiler manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T4: 125 g duck manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T5: 105 g broiler manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50), and T6: 105 g duck manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50). For all the larval treatments, the following results were observed: The moisture content of the duck manure treat with three insect larvae was higher than that of the broiler manure (p<0.05), whereas broiler manure had a higher pH (p<0.05). In addition, the total nitrogen content of broiler manure was higher than that of duck manure (p<0.05). However, the insect larvae did not significantly affect pathogens (E.coli and Salmonella) and the volatile fatty acids (p>0.05). In conclusion, the use of the three insect larvae to create organic nitrogen compost using poultry manure is feasible.

석회의 질소원이 버어리종 담배의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향 II. 잎담배의 화학성분에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Liming and Nitrogen Sources on the Yield and Quality of Burley Tobacco II. Effects of Chemical Constituents of tobacco leaves)

  • 김상범;한철수;김용규
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.379-385
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    • 1987
  • 버어리종 담배의 화학성분에 미치는 석회시용양(토양 pH)과 질소원에 따른 효과를 알아보기 위하여 석회시용양은 석회무시용, pH 5.5 교정량, pH6.5 교정량의 3수준으로, 질소원은 연초용복합비료(3.9%의 $NH_4$, -N와 6.1 %의 $NO_3-N$ 함유), $Na-NO_3,\;(NH_2)_2CO,\;(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 의 4종을 두어 포장에서 실험한바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육기간중의 토양 pH는 석회시용량에 비례하여 높아졌으며, 질소원별로는 칠레초석구가 높았고 유안구가 낮았다. 그러나 토양중 Ca 농도는 석회시용량에 비례하여 높아졌으나, 질소원에 따른 차이는 크지 않았다. 2. 토양중 ${NO_3}^{-}$ 농도는 석회다량구가 높았고, 질소원별로는 칠레초석구가 높았다. 그러나 K와 $P_2-O_{5}$ 농도는 석회시용량이나 질소량에 따라 일관된 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 3. 이식후 75일의 엽중 초산능질소함량은 칠레 초석구가, 45일의 칼슘함량은 석회다량구가 높았다. 그러나 엽중 인산과 가리함양은 석회시용량이나 질소원에 따른 차이 없었다. 4. 석회시용량이나 질소원에 따른 전알칼로이드와 전질소함량 차이는 없었으나, 석회시용량증가에 따라 칠레초석구의 전알칼로이드함량은 증가하였다. 5. 유안구가 건엽의 가리함량은 높았고 칼슘함양은 낮았다. 그러나 석회시용량에 따른 건엽의 인산과 마그네슘함량 차이는 크지 않았다.

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시험스트레스가 대학생의 질소대사에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Examination-stress on Nitrogen Metabolism of College Students)

  • 김미경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제29권7호
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    • pp.788-805
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    • 1996
  • This study was performed to investigate effects of examination-stress and protein supplementation on nitrogen metabolism and blood protein levels of Korean college students. Experiment was conducted at the beginning of a academic term and during midterm examination. During midterm examination, subjects were classified into two groups randomly : protein supplemental group(male n=6, female n=10) and placebo group(male n=4, female n=9). Protein capsules(2g/day) above 10% of indispensible amino acids requirement estimates were given to supplemental group for 10 days. At the begining of the term, male students(n=12) ingested 223.15mgN/kg/d, excreted 20.7mgN/kg/d in feces, and excreted 94.31mgN/kg/d in urine. Their apparent protein protein digestibility was 90.72%, true N balance was +100.11mgN/kg/d, and the mean maintenance N requirement of mixed Korena diet calculated was 112.13mgN/kg/d. Female students(n=19) ingested 171.44mgN/kg/d, excreted 22.13mgN/kg/d in feces, and excreted 122.92mgN/kg/d in urine. Their apparent protein digestibility was 86.76%, true N blance was + 18.39mgN/kg/d, and the mean maintenance N requirement calculated was 135.31mgN/kg/d. Blood levels of serum total protein, albumin, and BUN were within normal range. During midterm examination, fecal and urinary N excretions of female subjects(n=19) were increased, especially urea N markedly, and urea N/creatinine N ratio was augumented significantly. Apparent protein digestibility of male subjects(n=10) was decreased. Examination-stress showed 8.05mgN/kg/d (7.2%) increase of mean maintenance N requirement in male and 8.55mgN/kg/d(6.3%) increase in female students in comparison with that of the beginning of the term. Serum total protein and albumin levels showed no significant change, but serum transferrin level of female were decreased significantly. During midterm examination, females supplemented with protein capsules(2g/d)had no significant increase in fecal and urinary N excretions.

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FATE AND METABOLISM OF NITROGEN IN GOATS FED 15N-LABELLED RICE STRAW

  • Xing, T.X.;He, D.Y.;He, L.H.;Zhou, W.J.;Liao, X.L.;Chen, H.P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.699-707
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    • 1992
  • Three goats were fed with $^{15}N$-labelled rice straw to study the characteristics of digestion, assimilation, metabolism and excretion of C and N compounds from rice straw. It was shown that the amount of $^{15}N$ assimilated into the bodies of the two slaughtered goats accounted for 38.5 and 23.6% of the total amount of $^{15}N$ ingestion in the experimental diet by each goat. The $^{15}N$ excreted via the feces and urine for the three goats accounted for 34.8, 33.2 and 33.9% of the total amount of $^{15}N$ ingested in the feed of the 3 goats. The recoveries of $^{15}N$ from the two slaughtered goats were 73.3 and 57.5%, with the corresponding rates of $^{15}N$ loss 26.7 and 42.5% respectively. The amino acids digestibilities were 68.7 and 54.0%, while the digestibilities of carbohydrates were 74.8 and 67.7% respectively for goats 1 and 3.

Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1을 이용한 양돈폐수의 악취제거 (Deodorization of Swine Wastewater by Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1)

  • 최경민;김종승
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 1998
  • 고농도 유기폐수인 양돈 폐수에 광합성 미생물(Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1)을 접종하고 여기에 공기를 160 mL/min 주입함으로써 양돈분뇨의 악취제거 효과를 조사하였다. 7일 동안 1일 간격으로 이화학적 변화를 검토하였다. 검토 결과 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 20,000ppm인 양돈폐수의 경우 호기적 조건과, Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1 접종한 경우 volatile fatty acids(VFAs)의 제거율이 87.0%였으며, BOD제거율 54.6%, $PO_4-P$는 54.5%의 감소를 보였고, PH, $NH_3$ 등은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. T-N, T-P, $NO_3-N$, $NO_2-N$, $H_2S-N$, mercaptane 등은 별다른 증감율을 보이지 않고 일정하게 나타났다.

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