• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.2159-2164
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• 2002

This paper reports on the effects of additional factors on the engine friction characteristics. The total friction loss of engine is composed of pumping and mechanical friction loss. The pumping loss was calculated from the cylinder pressure, and the mechanical friction loss was measured by strip-down method under the motoring condition. The various parameters were tested. The engine friction loss was much affected by oil and coolant temperature. The low viscosity oil was very effective to reduce the friction loss, and friction modifier was very useful to reduce the friction loss at lower engine speed. The engine friction loss was varied with engine running time because of surface roughness decreasing and oil degradation. To prevent oil-churning effect, it was very important to maintain the proper oil level. The presented results will be very useful to understand friction characteristics of engine.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1979

The water delivery hose for agricultural pump is getting popular in rural areas in korea. Friction head loss, discharge, and power requirements were measured in various discharge for different material and diameter of hose to get basic data for economical use in agricultural pump. The results attained in this study were as follows ; 1. Friction head loss increased significantly as the velocity increased, and the difference of velocity between the different diameter of hose was bigger than that between materials, which was resulted in the increase of the friction head loss. 2. Friction head loss in the case of that the velocity with 2m/sec was constant was about 3.53 to 4.01 m/100m in the diameter 3" and about 2.30 to 3.10 m/100m in the diameter 4". Material A of diameter 3" showed the maximum value 8.4m/100m in Reynolds number $2.0\times10^5$, 4" got the minimum value 2.24m/100m, the difference between these values was bigger than 6m per 100 meters in the friction head loss. 3. Darcy-Weisbach formular with friction coefficient [f] calculated by Nikurades formular in the smooth pipe or with friction coefficient [f] calculated on the base of C value 125 in Hazen-Williams formular was available in friction head loss of the water discharger hose in rural areas. 4. Total head increased as friction head loss increased , meanwhile total discharge decreased, and 20 percents of energy was more saved in Material C 4″pipe than Material A 3″pipe in the view point from the discharge per unit power requirement, this phenomenon suggested that long distance pipe would be advantage in larger diameter pipe for save of energy. for save of energy.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.136-148
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• 1997

The present study has been carried out to develop a computational procedure for the analysis of the off-design performance in centrifugal compressors with vaneless diffusers by integrating empirical loss models and analytical equations. Losses in centrifugal compressors stem from a number of sources and their exact calculation is not yet possible. This study investigates several modeling schemes and shows that a fairly good prediction can be achieved by a proper selection of the most important flow parameters resulting form a meanline one-dimensional analysis. The performance maps for compressors are calculated and compared with measured performance maps. The off-design performance characteristics in terms of the pressure ratio vs. mass flow produced have generally correct forms. However, no universal means have been found to predict accurately the onset of surge. The prediction method developed through this study can serve as a tool to ensure good matching between parts and it can assist the understanding of the operational characteristics of general purpose centrifugal compressors.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.596-604
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• 2011

원심 압축기의 원판 마찰 손실은 동력 손실의 한 종류로써, 원심 압축기의 전체 효율 향상을 위해 원판 마찰 손실을 줄여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 원심 압축기의 임펠러 디스크 면과 케이싱 사이의 축 간격 및 표면 조도 변화에 따른 원판 마찰 손실을 분석하였고, 원판마찰손실 저감을 위한 새로운 이론식을 제안하고자 한다. 원심 압축기 임펠러의 정상상태 해석을 위해서 상용 전산해석 코드인 FLUENT의 회전 좌표계와 2-equation k-${\omega}$ SST 모델을 사용하였다. CFD 해석 결과, 원심압축기 임펠러의 원판 마찰 손실은 축 간격의 변화보다는 표면조도의 변화에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 원심압축기 임펠러의 원판 마찰 손실을 최소화하기 위해서 축 간격은 이론적인 경계층 두께와 동일하도록 설정하고 표면조도는 최소화해야 한다.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

This paper is a report on the parametric study of the friction characteristics on the direct acting type OHC valve train system. The numerical simulation was performed by using the IV-TAP. Dynamic analysis by using the lumped mass method was previously performed to define the acting load. The friction characteristics were analyzed by using the partial asperity contact model. The effects of operating conditions and major design parameters on the total driving torque were investigated. From the analytical prediction, it is found that valve spring stillness, surface roughness, and base circle radius are the main factors to reduce the frictional loss on the valve train system.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.590-595
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• 2006

This paper presents the friction and anti-wear characteristics of nano-oil with a mixture of a refrigerant oil and carbon nano-particles in the thrust slide-bearing of scroll compressors. Frictional loss in the thrust slide-bearing occupies a large part of total mechanical loss in scroll compressors. The characteristics of friction and anti-wear using nano-oil are evaluated using the thrust bearing tester for measuring friction surface temperature and the coefficient of friction at the thrust slide-bearing as a function of normal loads up to 4,000 N and orbiting speed up to 3,200 rpm. It is found that the coefficient of friction increases with decreasing orbiting speed and normal force. The friction coefficient of carbon nano-oil is 0.015, while that of pure oil is 0.023 under the conditions of refrigerant gas R-22 at the pressure of 5 bars. It is believed that carbon nano-particles can be coated on the friction surfaces and the interaction of nano-particles between surfaces can be improved the lubrication in the friction surfaces. Carbon nano-oil enhances the characteristics of the anti-wear and friction at the thrust slide-bearing of scroll compressors.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2002

This paper reports on the effect of fuel additive friction modifier on the engine friction and fuel consumption. The test of engine friction and fuel consumption is performed for the each oils and fuels. The TFA4724 friction modifier is added in test oil and fuel. The test results show that total engine friction is a decrease of 0.7-2.0% compared with base fuel, and fuel consumption is improved by 0.3%. The amount of friction reduction corresponds to that of boundary friction loss term in ring-pack friction losses. From the results, it is thought that the additive friction modifier in the fuel is effective to reduce the boundary friction in ring-pack.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1035-1042
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• 2014

엔진 마찰 저감은 엔진 개발의 중요한 항목이 되어왔다. 엔진의 기계적 마찰 손실 중 피스톤계의 마찰이 40~55%에 해당하고, 피스톤 부분의 마찰을 제거할 수 있다면 투입되는 전체 에너지의 5% 정도 향상시킬 수 있다. 엔진의 마찰 손실을 감소시키기 위해서 각 요소에서의 마찰 수준, 이에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 분석 및 다른 엔진들과의 비교분석이 필요하다. 하지만 기존 연구에서 마찰이 발생하는 윤활막의 연구들이 유체역학 바탕의 모델링에서 수행해 왔으나, 피스톤계의 윤활막이 크게는 마이크로에서 작게는 나노단위의 영역에 해당하므로 분자들간의 상호관계를 고려할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 엔진 실린더 라이너를 따라 형성하는 유막의 운동을 미시적으로 접근하여 분자들간의 상호작용에 따른 마찰변화를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2005

The output of Stirling engine is influenced by the regenerator effectiveness. The regenerator effectiveness is influenced by heat transfer and flow friction loss of the regenerator matrix. In this paper, in order to provide a basic data for the design of regenerator matrix, characteristics of heat transfer and flow friction loss were investigated by a packed method of matrix in the oscillating flow as the same condition of operation in a Stirling engine. As matrices, several kinds of combined wire screen meshes were used. The results are summarized as follows; The packed meshes with high mesh no. in the side of heater part of regenerator showed effective than the packed meshes with low mesh no. in the side of cooler part of regenerator. The temperature difference and pressure drop of the regenerator were not made by the specific surface area of wire screen meshes but by the minimum free-flow area to the total frontal area. Among the No. 150 single screen meshes, 200-60 combined meshes, the 200-150-100 combined meshes showed the highest in effectiveness.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2009

This study was conducted for verification and systematization of estimation method about the headloss using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics). Head loss which happens between the inlet and outlet of in-line mixer can be a major factor for the design and construction. Also, this Case studies about the sensitivity related to the velocity in the piping system. As result, program's default calculation function was used to get each side's total pressure and the differential of each total pressure could be defined as head loss from in-line mixer. In the case of adopting pipe surface friction factor and geometry loss, Calculation residual can be much more reduced. It was found that residual of value between CFD method and field test ranged about 3 through 18 precent.