• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2021

Conventional banks are often considered more efficient than Islamic banks because they have been operating for decades, but Islamic banks have shown rapid development recently. Therefore, this study mainly aims to compare the level of efficiency of conventional banks and Islamic banks and which ones have the best level of efficiency. This study employs panel data using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) as the data analysis technique. The data used is annual data from 13 conventional banks and 13 Islamic banks in Indonesia during the 2014-2019 period. The result shows no significant difference in the efficiency of conventional banks and Islamic banks. This result is presumably influenced by the small size of the bank and the total number of banks used in the study. The data used in the study is limited to the period from 2014 to 2019. The variables utilized are also limited to the availability of financial report data which is publicly published. This study provides additional empirical evidence regarding conventional banks' and Islamic banks' efficiency in Indonesian banking by using the latest data. While theoretically, Islamic banks are expected to be more efficient than conventional banks, this study did not find any strong support for the case in Indonesia during the observation period.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.727-734
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• 2021

The study aims to examine and analyze the factors that affect the return on assets (ROA) by placing net interest margin (NIM) as a moderating variable in influencing ROA. This research was conducted on 27 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2015 to 2018 with a total sample data of 91. The data used is a combination of time series data and cross-section data. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used was path analysis with multiple regression analysis technique. The results of the analysis showed that the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and loan to deposit ratio (LDR) have a positive but insignificant effect on ROA. NIM as a moderating variable does not influence the impact of CAR on ROA. However, NIM as a moderating variable is able to influence the impact of LDR on ROA. From the results of this study, it is evident that the LDR will increase the ROA at banks that generate high NIM.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.84-92
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• 2021

Care services are a significant asset in human life. Care in its overall nature focuses on human needs and covers several aspects such as health care, homes, personal care, and education. In fact, care deals with many dimensions: physical, psychological, and social interconnections. Very little information is available on estimating the cost of care services that provided to orphans and abandoned children. Prediction of the cost of the care system delivered by governmental or non-governmental organizations to support orphans and abandoned children is increasingly needed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the care cost for orphanage organizations in Saudi Arabia to forecast the cost as well as explore the most influence factor on the cost. By using business analytic process that applied statistical and machine learning techniques, we proposed a model includes simple linear regression, Naive Bayes classifier, and Random Forest algorithms. The finding of our predictive model shows that Naive Bayes has addressed the highest accuracy equals to 87% in predicting the total care cost. Our model offers predictive approach in the perspective of business analytics.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 2020

Purpose - This study examines the factors that influence the performance of contract farming by agricultural cooperatives from the agency theory and resource-based view of the firm. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected 1,090 data related to a sample of contract information between agricultural cooperatives and producers from national agricultural cooperatives federation. In order to examine the performance of contract farming, we use the multiple regression analysis. Findings - Incentives may reduce agency problems by increasing producers' motivation and discouraging their opportunistic behavior. Total asset size and education expenses function like resources that lessen the risks coming from environment uncertainty, and also facilitate the contract farming between producers and agricultural cooperatives. Research implications or Originality - By analyzing the factors that influence on the performance of contract farming between producers and agricultural cooperatives, we propose that incentives, and resources may improve the performance of contract farming between agricultural cooperatives and producers. Overall, the contract farming can co-create the economic efficiency and effectiveness while minimizing risks and uncertainty.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2023

In the current era of globalization, financial and banking organizations have been facing ever-growing challenges in the global market regarding retention, customer satisfaction, commitment, engagement, proper services, and the belief of their employees. Employees are regarded as an enormous asset for every organization that plays an important role in achieving the vision of the company. The objective of this study is to explore the determinants of bank employee retention and its impact on an organization in the context of Bangladesh. In terms of research purpose, non-probability convenience sampling has been used in this study, and the targeted population was the commercial bank employees of Bangladesh. In terms of data collection, the researchers have used the adopted questionnaires from previous studies. In this study, the total sample size was 180, and a questionnaire was sent to the respondents through e-mails. For analyzing the collected data, SPSS 26.0 version has been used to test the study model and the proposed hypotheses. This study shows that there were four independent variables training and development, organizational culture, job satisfaction, and career development have a positive and significant impact on employee retention. So, the bank management should organize the retention program for the welfare of the employees.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2022

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the effectiveness of using carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and steel plates to repair damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams with circular web openings at shear zones. It highlights the effectiveness of externally bonded CFRP and steel plates in repairing damaged RC beams by analysing the repaired beams'load capacity, deflection, strain, and failure mode. For the experiment, a total of five beams were used, with one solid beam as a control beam and the other four beams having an opening near the shear zone. Two beams with openings were repaired using inclined and vertical configuration CFRP plates, and the other two were repaired using inclined and vertical configuration steel plates. The results confirm the effectiveness of CFRP and steel plates for repairing damaged RC beams with circular openings. The CFRP and steel plates significantly increase ultimate capacity and reduce deflection under the openings. The inclined configuration of both CFRP and steel plates was more effective than the vertical configuration. Using an inclined configuration not only increases the ultimate capacity of the beams but also changes the mode of failure from shear to flexural.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2022

Purpose - As new technologies that have led the 4th industrial revolution spread after the COVID-19 pandemic, the business crisis of existing financial institutions and the threat of employee jobs are growing, especially in the financial sector. The purpose of this study is to propose a human-technology convergence curriculum for creating high value-added in financial institutions and upskilling financial manpower. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, a curriculum was designed to strengthen job competency for Private Bankers, high-quality employees of a bank dealing with high-net-worth owners. The focus of the design is that learners acquire skills to use robo-advisors as a tool and supplement artificial intelligence ethics. Result - The curriculum is organized into a total of 16 classes, and the main contents are changes in the financial environment and financial consumers, the core technology of robo-advisors and AI ethics, and establishment and evaluation of hyper-personalized asset management strategies using robo-advisors. To achieve the educational goal, two evaluations are performed to derive individual tasks and team project results. Conclusion - Human-centered upskilling convergence education will contribute to improving employee value and expanding corporate high value-added business areas by utilizing new technologies as tools. It is expected that the development and application of convergence curriculum in various fields will continue to be advanced in the future.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2012

Nowadays, customer satisfaction has been one of company's major objectives, and the index to measure and communicate customer satisfaction has been generally accepted among business practices. The major issues of CSI(customer satisfaction index) are three questions, as follows: (a)what level of customer satisfaction is tolerable, (b)whether customer satisfaction and company performance has positive causality, and (c)what to do to improve customer satisfaction. Among these, the second issue is recently attracting academic research in several perspectives. On this study, the second issue will be addressed. Many researchers including Anderson have regarded customer satisfaction as core competencies, such as brand equity, customer equity. They want to verify following causality "customer satisfaction → market performance(market share, sales growth rate) → financial performance(operating margin, profitability) → corporate value performance(stock price, credit ratings)" based on the process model of marketing performance. On the other hand, Insoo Jeon and Aeju Jeong(2009) verified sequential causality based on the process model by the domestic data. According to the rejection of several hypotheses, they suggested the balance model of marketing performance as an alternative. The objective of this study, based on the existing process model, is to examine the causal relationship between customer satisfaction and corporate value performance. Anderson and Mansi(2009) proved the relationship between ACSI(American Customer Satisfaction Index) and credit ratings using 2,574 samples from 1994 to 2004 on the assumption that credit rating could be an indicator of a corporate value performance. The similar study(Sangwoon Yoon, 2010) was processed in Korean data, but it didn't confirm the relationship between KCSI(Korean CSI) and credit ratings, unlike the results of Anderson and Mansi(2009). The summary of these studies is in the Table 1. Two studies analyzing the relationship between customer satisfaction and credit ratings weren't consistent results. So, in this study we are to test the conflicting results of the relationship between customer satisfaction and credit ratings based on the research model considering Korean credit ratings. To prove the hypothesis, we suggest the research model as follows. Two important features of this model are the inclusion of important variables in the existing Korean credit rating system and government support. To control their influences on credit ratings, we included three important variables of Korean credit rating system and government support, in case of financial institutions including banks. ROA, ER, TA, these three variables are chosen among various kinds of financial indicators since they are the most frequent variables in many previous studies. The results of the research model are relatively favorable : R², F-value and p-value is .631, 233.15 and .000 respectively. Thus, the explanatory power of the research model as a whole is good and the model is statistically significant. The research model has good explanatory power, the regression coefficients of the KCSI is .096 as positive(+) and t-value and p-value is 2.220 and .0135 respectively. As a results, we can say the hypothesis is supported. Meanwhile, all other explanatory variables including ROA, ER, log(TA), GS_DV are identified as significant and each variables has a positive(+) relationship with CRS. In particular, the t-value of log(TA) is 23.557 and log(TA) as an explanatory variables of the corporate credit ratings shows very high level of statistical significance. Considering interrelationship between financial indicators such as ROA, ER which include total asset in their formula, we can expect multicollinearity problem. But indicators like VIF and tolerance limits that shows whether multicollinearity exists or not, say that there is no statistically significant multicollinearity in all the explanatory variables. KCSI, the main subject of this study, is a statistically significant level even though the standardized regression coefficients and t-value of KCSI is .055 and 2.220 respectively and a relatively low level among explanatory variables. Considering that we chose other explanatory variables based on the level of explanatory power out of many indicators in the previous studies, KCSI is validated as one of the most significant explanatory variables for credit rating score. And this result can provide new insights on the determinants of credit ratings. However, KCSI has relatively lower impact than main financial indicators like log(TA), ER. Therefore, KCSI is one of the determinants of credit ratings, but don't have an exceedingly significant influence. In addition, this study found that customer satisfaction had more meaningful impact on corporations of small asset size than those of big asset size, and on service companies than manufacturers. The findings of this study is consistent with Anderson and Mansi(2009), but different from Sangwoon Yoon(2010). Although research model of this study is a bit different from Anderson and Mansi(2009), we can conclude that customer satisfaction has a significant influence on company's credit ratings either Korea or the United State. In addition, this paper found that customer satisfaction had more meaningful impact on corporations of small asset size than those of big asset size and on service companies than manufacturers. Until now there are a few of researches about the relationship between customer satisfaction and various business performance, some of which were supported, some weren't. The contribution of this study is that credit rating is applied as a corporate value performance in addition to stock price. It is somewhat important, because credit ratings determine the cost of debt. But so far it doesn't get attention of marketing researches. Based on this study, we can say that customer satisfaction is partially related to all indicators of corporate business performances. Practical meanings for customer satisfaction department are that it needs to actively invest in the customer satisfaction, because active investment also contributes to higher credit ratings and other business performances. A suggestion for credit evaluators is that they need to design new credit rating model which reflect qualitative customer satisfaction as well as existing variables like ROA, ER, TA.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2013

This paper proposes a strategic model of linkage between productivity metrics and financial accounting metrics to properly evaluate the financial effect of TPM activities and the business performance. This linkage strategy provides a connection tool for clear communication between factory-level and headquarters that the metrics proposed by this paper ultimately improves a quality of support from the management by receiving the factors required for productivity activities in the practical field. This factor includes such as equipment, raw materials and labors. Here, we propose that chain reaction models using break down structure of productivity metrics and financial metrics enhance the knowledge sharing of KPI (Key Performance Indicator) which generally tend to create oversimplified communication between management in headquarters and employees in the practical fields. The productivity metrics include OEE(Overall Equipment Effectiveness) of TPM (Total Productive Maintenance), OLE (Overall Labor Effectiveness) of PAC(Performance and Analysis and Control) activities, and OYE (Overall Yield Effectiveness) of TMM(Total Material Management) activities. The financial accounting metrics include ROE(Return on Equity), ROA(Return on Asset), and AVR(Added-Value Rate). The suggested chain reaction model selects the financial metrics as initial stage and branch down until final stage of productivity metrics. When demand exceeds supply, an ideal speed rate, the lean OEE strategy can be initially applied to reduce the gap between the demand and supply, then apply variable costing to estimate correct amount of operating profit. In addition, the paper presents a new type of model for linkage between financial accounting metrics including CAPEX(Capital Expenditure), OPEX(Operating Expenditure), EVA(Economic Added Value), DCL(Degree of Combined Leverage), and TPM productivity activities including AM(Autonomous Maintenance), PM(Preventive Maintenance), MP(Maintenance Prevention) and QM(Quality Maintenance). In order to support the evidence of proposed linkage strategy, a case analysis on 52 projects from national TPM contest from 2011 to 2012 is analyzed. The case presents the classification of CAPEX and OPEX activities from TPM, and proposes the correct implementation of financial effect for TPM projects.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-87
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• 1990

This study was designed with the purpose to analyze the bias and the factor structure of Need of Living and to clear the influence of related variables on Need on Living. The Degree of Importance(Di) and of sufficiency(Ds) of 65 indicators which were the constituent components of Need of Living and were extracted from the 51 preceeding studies was estimated by the 1084 samples including 614 urban and 470 rural residents through the questionaire. The indicators with higher Di and lower Ds than average were considered to show the high level of Need of Living. The main results are as follows; 1. Generally speaking, the level of Di was higher than that of Ds. Specially this was serious in the case of the indicators related with social-economic equity, employment, housing and environment. 2. Di level of the indicators such as physical health, judicial equality, the life of planned expenditure was highest. Specially the equity of income allocation was considered to be more important than the increase of income or asset itself. 3. Ds level of the indicators such as the life of plannel expenditure, the development of transportation and communication and the relationship between parents and children was highest, adn that of the use of leisure time, socialactivity, economic equality and social welfare was lowest. 4. Through the oblique rotation of Factor analysis, 12 factors were extracted (total eigen value 32.663, total variance 50.251%). Specially Factor 1 which was christened as the equality and development of social-economic life was related with 11 indicators and its common variance was 51.68%. 5. The rural residents, the lower income group and the lower educated group, who were told of being under disadvantage and unfair treatment of social-economic status, showed higher suffiency on the equity of income allocation, the freedom of living and expression, and judicial equality. 6. Generally speaking, the urban residents, the group under 39 years old, the higher educated group had more intensive Need of Living than the other groups.