• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.670-677
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• 2011

Direct numerical simulation are performed in order to investigate the effect of the circular cylinder shape on the forced convection around a circular cylinder at the Reynolds number of 300 and Prandtl number of 0.71. Three-dimensional characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer around the smooth, wavy and torsional cylinders are investigated. A wavy cylinder has the sinusoidal variation in the cross sectional area along the spanwise direction with the wave length of ${\pi}/3$ and wavy amplitude of 0.1. A torsional cylinder has the twisted elliptic cross section with a torsional period of ${\pi}/2$ and an axis ratio of 1.35 corresponding to the major axis of 1.15 and the minor axis of 0.85. The value of time-and surface-averaged drag coefficient for the smooth cylinder is similar to that for the wavy cylinder, but larger than that for the torsional cylinder. The time and surface-averaged lift coefficient for the smooth cylinder is larger than that for the wavy and torsional cylinders. The time-averaged local heat transfer rate for the wavy and torsional cylinders shows different distribution along the circumferential direction, compared to that for the smooth cylinder because of the shape change in the spanwise direction for the cases of the wavy and torsional cylinders.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2020

In this paper, the ASCE 7 equivalent static approach for seismic design of non-structural elements is critically evaluated based on the measured floor acceleration data, theory of structural dynamics, and linear/nonlinear dynamic analysis of three-dimensional building models. The analysis of this study on the up-to-date database of the instrumented buildings in California clearly reveals that the measured database does not well corroborate the magnitude and the profile of the floor acceleration as proposed by ASCE 7. The basic flaws in the equivalent static approach are illustrated using elementary structural dynamics. Based on the linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses of three-dimensional case study buildings, it is shown that the magnitude and distribution of the PFA (peak floor acceleration) can significantly be affected by the supporting structural characteristics such as fundamental period, higher modes, structural nonlinearity, and torsional irregularity. In general, the equivalent static approach yields more conservative acceleration demand as building period becomes longer, and the PFA distribution in long-period buildings tend to become constant along the building height due to the higher mode effect. Structural nonlinearity was generally shown to reduce floor acceleration because of its period-lengthening effect. Torsional floor amplification as high as 250% was observed in the building model of significant torsional irregularity, indicating the need for inclusion of the torsional amplification to the equivalent static approach when building torsion is severe. All these results lead to the conclusion that, if permitted, dynamic methods which can account for supporting structural characteristics, should be preferred for rational seismic design of non-structural elements.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권4호
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• pp.325-343
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• 2024

Triple-tower double-cable suspension bridges have increased confinement stiffness imposed by the main cable on the middle tower, which has bright application prospects. However, vertical bending and torsional vibrations of the double-cable and the girder are coupled in such bridges due to the hangers. In particular, the bending vibration of the towers in the longitudinal direction and torsional vibrations about the vertical axis influence the vertical bending and torsional vibrations of the stiffening girders, respectively. The conventional analytical algorithm for assessing the dynamic features of the suspension bridge is not directly applicable to this type of bridge. This study attempts to mitigate this problem by introducing an analytical algorithm for solving the triple-tower double-cable suspension bridge's natural frequencies and mode shapes. D'Alembert's principle is employed to construct the differential equations of the vertical bending and torsional vibrations of the stiffening girder continuum in each span. Vibrations of stiffening girders in each span are interrelated via the vibrations of the main cables and the bridge towers. On this basis, the natural frequencies and mode shapes are derived by separating variables. The proposed algorithm is then applied to an engineering example. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of vertical bending and torsional vibrations derived by the analytical algorithm agreed well with calculations via the finite element method. The fundamental frequency of vertical bending and first- and second-order torsion frequencies of double-cable suspension bridges are much higher than those of single-cable suspension bridges. The analytical algorithm has high computational efficiency and calculation accuracy, which can provide a reference for selecting appropriate structural parameters to meet the requirements of dynamics during the preliminary design.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2005

Rotary swaging is one of the incremental forming process which is a chipless process using the reduction of cross-sections of bars, tubes and wires. The TDS(Tube Drive Shaft) of monobloc used in automotive has been developed by the rotary swaging process. The mechanical characteristics of swaged parts such as the hardness, thickness and roughness are also estimated to conduct experimental analyses of rotary swaging process with the materials of 34Mn5 Furthermore the change in the vibration mode of TDS due to design parameters, which are the tube length, diameter and thickness, has been investigated and analysed. The weight of the TDS product is smaller by about $12.8\%$ than that of SDS with the same performance. It could be evidently found that the TDS is designed to be much lighter than SDS (Solid Drive Shaft). This advantage might give some possibility to improve the NVH (Noise-Vibration-Harshness) characteristics. A maximum torque and a total number of torsional repetitions for the TDS is checked and measured to know the torsional intensity and fatigue strength through the static torsion test and torsional durability test, respectively. A total number of the torsional repetitions up to the fracture for the TDS is greater than 250,000 times.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2009

최근 조선소에서 고출력 디젤엔진의 요구에 의해서 초대형 저속 2행정 디젤엔진이 개발되었으며, 연속최대출력이 $8{\sim}14$실린더를 갖는 10만 마력 이상의 엔진을 사용할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 엔진들은 열효율, 운전에 대한 신뢰성, 강인성 및 기동성은 뛰어나지만 크랭크축을 포함한 추진축계에서 높은 비틀림진동을 유발한다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 엔진설계자의 입장에서 비틀림진동을 줄이기 위하여 튜닝 비틀림진동 댐퍼를 갖는 추진축계의 비틀림진동을 이론적으로 검토하였으며 실험모델인 12K98MC엔진과 12RT-flex엔진에서 튜닝댐퍼의 성능과 동적거동을 확인하고 있다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문초록집
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• pp.373.2-373
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• 2002

This research is concerned with dynamic modeling of satellite with deployable solar arrays equipped with strain energy hinges (SEH). It is found from experiments that the SEH has nonlinear dynamic characteristics and complex buckling behavior, which is difficult to explain theoretically In this paper, we use an equivalent one dimensional nonlinear torsional spring for the SEH. Lagrangian equations of motion are used for the derivations.

• 소음진동
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2000

This paper deals with the theoretical study on the effect of the viscosity of an adjacent viscous fluid on the characteristics of the torsional vibration of a rod with fixed-free boundary conditions. Expressions for the natural frequency and damping factor have been obtained as functions of the viscosity of the fluid by exact and asymptotic analyses. The results provide quantitative information of the natural frequency reduction and damping rate affected by the fluid viscosity.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2000

각형 호선이 edgewise 브라켓에 삽입되면 first, second order는 bending에 의해, third order는 torsion(비틀림)에 의해 3차원적인 force system이 발생한다. Bending에 관하여는 분석적 그리고 실험적인 많은 연구가 보고 되어 있는 반면 비틀림에 관해서는 상대적으로 많은 연구가 이루어 지지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 각형 와이어의 재료와 단면의 형태가 와이어의 비틀림 모멘트에 어떻게 영향을 주는지를 이론적, 실험적으로 밝혀서 임상적으로 적절한 모멘트를 가할 때 호선의 재료와 굵기를 합리적으로 선택할 수 있도록 하는데 있다. 실험재료로는 third order조절을 위해 가장 많이 사용하는 호선을 사용하였다. 크기별로 0.016x0.022, 0.017x0.025, 0.019x0.025인치 그리고 재료로는 stainless steel (Ormco), TMA(Ormco), NiTi(Ormco), 그리고 braided stainless steel(DentaFlex, Dentauum) 네 가지를 사용하여 총 12개의 조합을 사용하였다. Torsion formula를 이용하여 비틀림 강성 (torque/twist rate)을 계산하였고 torque gauge를 이용하여 비틀림 강성, 항복 비틀림 모멘트 (yield torsional moment), 그리고 최대 비틀림 모멘트 (ultimate torsional moment)를 측정하였다. Torsion formula에 의하면 비틀림 강성 (T/$\theta$)은 재료적인 특성(G)과 호선의 단면의 특성(J)에 비례하고 호선의 길이(L)에 반비례한다. 대부분의 실험치는 이론적인 값과 비슷하게 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.137-158
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• 2009

This paper investigates the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns under combined loading including torsion. The main variables considered in this study are the ratio of torsional moment to bending moment (T/M) and the level of detailing for moderate and high seismicity (low and high transverse reinforcement/spiral ratio). This paper presents the results of tests on seven columns subjected to cyclic bending and shear, cyclic torsion, and various levels of combined cyclic bending, shear, and torsion. Columns under combined loading were tested at T/M ratios of 0.2 and 0.4. These columns were reinforced with two spiral reinforcement ratios of 0.73% and 1.32%. Similarly, the columns subjected to pure torsion were tested with two spiral reinforcement ratios of 0.73% and 1.32%. This study examined the significance of proper detailing, and spiral reinforcement ratio and its effect on the torsional resistance under combined loading. The test results demonstrate that both the flexural and torsional capacities are decreased due to the effect of combined loading. Furthermore, they show a significant change in the failure mode and deformation characteristics depending on the spiral reinforcement ratio. The increase in spiral reinforcement ratio also led to significant improvement in strength and ductility.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2015

The need to consider torsion in the design of members of a structure has recently been increasing; therefore, many studies on torsion have been carried out. Recent research was focused on the torsional performance of concrete according to the reinforcing materials used. Of particular interest, are torsion studies of beams made of SFRC(steel fiber reinforced concrete), and there has been increasing use of SFRC at construction sites. In contrast, research on the composite PVA-ECC (polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composite) has only covered its mechanical performance, though it exhibits excellent tensile-strain performance (better than SFRC). Therefore, research on the torsion of concrete beams retrofitted using PVA-ECC is lacking. In this study, the behavior characteristics and performance of reinforced-concrete beams retrofitted by PVA-ECC was investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that the resistance to torsional cracking is increased by PVA-ECC. In addition, the strain on the rebar of the specimen was found to be reduced.