• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.367-379
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• 2024

Compared with traditional transmission towers, T-shaped angle towers have long cross-arms and are specially used for ultrahigh-voltage direct-current (UHVDC) transmission. Nevertheless, the wind loads of T-shaped towers have not received much attention in previous studies. Consequently, a series of wind tunnel tests on the T-shaped towers featuring cross-arms of varying lengths were conducted using the high-frequency force balance (HFFB) technique. The test results reveal that the T-shaped tower's drag coefficients nearly remain constant at different testing velocities, demonstrating that Reynolds number effects are negligible in the test range of 1.26 × 10⁴-2.30 × 10⁴. The maximum values of the longitudinal base shear and torsion of the T-shaped tower are reached at 15° and 25° of wind incidence, respectively. In the yaw angle, the crosswind coefficients of the tower body are quite small, whereas those of the cross-arms are significant, and as a result, the assumption in some load codes (such as ASCE 74-2020, IEC 60826-2017 and EN 50341-1:2012) that the resultant force direction is the same as the wind direction may be inappropriate for the cross-arm situation. The fitting formulas for the wind load-distribution factors of the tower body and cross-arms are developed, respectively, which would greatly facilitate the determination of the wind loads on T-shaped angle towers.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.485-503
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• 2016

To investigate the nonlinear aerostatic stability of the Hutong cable-stayed rail-cum-road bridge with ultra-kilometer main span, a FEM bridge model is established. The tri-component wind loads and geometric nonlinearity are taken into consideration and discussed for the influence of nonlinear parameters and factors on bridge resistant capacity of aerostatic instability. The results show that the effect of initial wind attack-angle is significant for the aerostatic stability analysis of the bridge. The geometric nonlinearities of the bridge are of considerable importance in the analysis, especially the effect of cable sag. The instable mechanism of the Hutong Bridge with a steel truss girder is the spatial combination of vertical bending and torsion with large lateral bending displacement. The design wind velocity is much lower than the static instability wind velocity, and the structural aerostatic resistance capacity can meet the requirement.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.659-666
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• 2012

A nonlinear dynamic model for the shaft-disk-blade unit is developed in this study. In this regard, the rotating flexible blade, with a pre-twist angle, attached to a rigid disk driven by a shaft which is flexible in torsion is developed. The rotor-blade coupled model is derived using Lagrange equation in conjunction with the assumed mode method to discretize the blade deformation. The equations of motion are analyzed based on the small deformation theory for the blade and shaft torsional deformation to obtain the system natural frequencies for various system parameters.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.149-156
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• 2019

In this study, dynamic responses of high - rise buildings were analyzed through the change of horizontal stiffness and yield strength among characteristics of seismic isolation system by applying middle - layer seismic isolation system to high - rise buildings of 120m height. As a result in order to prevent the displacement of the isolation layer and to control the maximum torsion angle, it is possible to appropriately control by increasing or decreasing the horizontal stiffness and the yield strength. However, depending on the maximum torsional angle and the hysteretic behavior of the seismic isolation system, excessive yield strength and horizontal stiffness increase may induce the elastic behavior of the structure and amplify the response. Therefore, it is considered that it is necessary to select the property value of the appropriate isolation device.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.330-336
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• 2002

A quantum-chemical investigation on the conformations and electronic properties of bis[2-{2-methoxy-4,6-di(t-butyl)phenyl}ethenyl]benzenes (MBPBs) as building block for ${\pi}$-conjugate polymer are performed in order to display the effects of t-butyl and methoxy group substitution and of kink(ortho and meta) linkage. The conjugation length of the polymers can be controlled by substituents and kink linkages of backbone. Structures for the molecules, o-, m-, and p-MBPBs as well as unsubstituted o-, m-, and p-DSBs were fully optimized by using semiempirical AM1, PM3 methods, and ab initio HF method with 3-21G(d) basis set. The potential energy curves with respect to the change of single torsion angle are obtained by using semiempirical methods and ab initio HF/3-21G(d) basis set. The curves are similar shape in the molecules with respect to the position of vinylene groups. It is shown that the conformations of the molecules are compromised between the steric repulsion interaction and the degree of the conjugation. Electronic properties of the molecules were obtained by applying the optimized structures and geometries to the ZINDO/S method. ZINDO/S analysis performed on the geometries obtained by AM1 method and HF/3-21G(d) level is reported. The absorption wavelength on the geometries obtained by AM1 method is much longer than that by HF/3-21G(d) level. The absorption wavelength of MBPBs are red shifted with comparison to that of corresponding DSBs in the same torsion angle because of electron donating substituents. The absorption wavelength of isomers with kink(orth and meta) linkage is shorter than that of para linkage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.627-634
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• 2024

Sesquiterpene lactones, a class of natural compounds abundant in the Asteraceae family, have gained attention owing to their diverse biological activities, and particularly their anti-proliferative effects on human cancer cells. In this study, we systematically investigated the structure-activity relationship of ten sesquiterpene lactones with the aim of elucidating the structural determinants for the STAT3 inhibition governing their anti-proliferative effects. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between the STAT3 inhibitory activity and the anti-proliferative effects of sesquiterpene lactones in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Among the compounds tested, alantolactone and isoalantolactone emerged as the most potent STAT3 inhibitors, highlighting their potential as candidates for anticancer drug development. Through protein-ligand docking studies, we revealed the structural basis of STAT3 inhibition by sesquiterpene lactones, emphasizing the critical role of hydrogen-bonding interactions with key residues, including Arg609, Ser611, Glu612, and Ser613, in the SH2 domain of STAT3. Furthermore, our conformational analysis revealed the decisive role of the torsion angle within the geometry-optimized structures of sesquiterpene lactones in their STAT3 inhibitory activity (R=0.80, p<0.01). These findings not only provide preclinical evidence for sesquiterpene lactones as promising phytomedicines against diseases associated with abnormal STAT3 activation, but also highlight the importance of stereochemical aspects in their activity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6504-6510
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• 2015

Horizontally curved I-girders are subjected to not only bending moments but also torsional moments. The torsional moment of the plate girder is addition of St. Venant torsion and non-uniform torsion. In the flange of I-shaped plate girder, a kind of open-section, the normal stresses is not distributed uniformly due to the non-uniform torsion. Because of that, one of compression flange tip can be yielded faster than the flange of general straight girder. In other words, the flange local buckling strength is decreased when the girder has initial curvature. In this paper, the numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the average stresses in flange for curved girders. The subtended angle and slenderness ratio are taken as parameters.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2021

In this paper, the effect on the lateral and torsional behavior of ballastless railway plate girder bridge by the installation of the lower horizontal bracing has been reviewed. First of all, the most efficient lower bracing arrangement has been reviewed by comparing and examining the lateral displacement due to the train load, targeting analysis models with different arrangement types of lower bracing. Next, the research on torsional behavior of plate girder bridge with lower bracing has been conducted. In addition, the torsion constant from FEM analysis results has been compared with the torsion constant of a railroad plate girder bridge with a closed section by substituting the upper and lower horizontal bracing with equivalent thickness. Based on this comparison, the impact on the bridge span length and the cross section area of the lower bracing has been examined. Through this study, the curve graph related to lateral buckling moment and torsional constant ratio is presented and the range of plate girder bridge requiring torsional reinforcement is proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.465-479
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• 2018

In a previous study, design charts where proposed to help the torsional design of axially restricted reinforced concrete (RC) beams with squared cross section. In this article, new design charts are proposed to cover RC beams with rectangular cross section. The influence of the height to width ratio of the cross section on the behavior of RC beams under torsion is firstly shown by using theoretical and experimental results. Next, the effective torsional strength of a reference RC beam is computed for several values and combinations of the study variables, namely: height to width ratio of the cross section, concrete compressive strength, torsional reinforcement ratio and level of the axial restraint. To compute the torsional strength, the modified Variable Angle Truss Model for axially restricted RC beams is used. Then, an extensive parametric analysis based on multivariable and nonlinear correlation analysis is performed to obtain nonlinear regression equations which allow to build the new design charts. These charts allow to correct the torsional strength in order to consider the favourable influence of the compressive axial stress that arises from the axial restraint.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.247-263
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• 2013

It is evident that torsional resistance of a reinforced concrete (RC) member is attributed to both concrete and steel reinforcement. However, recent structural design codes neglect the contribution of concrete because of cracking. This paper reports on the results of an experimental and numerical investigation into the torsional capacity of concrete beams reinforced only by longitudinal rebars without transverse reinforcement. The experimental investigation involves six specimens tested under pure torsion. Each specimen was made using a cast-in-place concrete with different amounts of longitudinal reinforcements. To create the torsional moment, an eccentric load was applied at the end of the beam whereas the other end was fixed against twist, vertical, and transverse displacement. The experimental results were also compared with the results obtained from the nonlinear finite element analysis performed in ANSYS. The outcomes showed a good agreement between experimental and numerical investigation, indicating the capability of numerical analysis in predicting the torsional capacity of RC beams. Both experimental and numerical results showed a considerable torsional post-cracking resistance in high twist angle in test specimen. This post-cracking resistance is neglected in torsional design of RC members. This strength could be considered in the design of RC members subjected to torsion forces, leading to a more economical and precise design.