• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.260-266
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• 1997

The Navigation Streets Map that directly supplies information for a driver plays an important role in Car Navigation System(CNS). Therefore, cause the compatibility, preference, visibility, and readability of the navigation streets map will be hold sway over driver's information acquisition, safety, and performance in CNS, it is important that designer's requirements should be analyuzed for ergonomic design of navigation streets map. Especially, there are differences between the topographical objects marking method and that of the general map in a navigation streets map. Because much information is marked in a narrow space, it is important that the text information should be done in navigation streets map. Also, because it is a important factor to mark the text format for the marking method of the topographical objects, the design requirements will be drawn out through the factor analysis for the text marking method. And when ergonomic designers are doing, this result will be basic research for developing driving simulator of CNS and it will be a ergonomic guideline of navigation streets map.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

This study estimates relationships between physical and chemical weathering indices of various rock types and topographical relief. Physical weathering properties such as rock strength and joint and chemical weathering indices such as the $SiO_2/Al2O_3$, CIA and WPI were analyzed from 18 rock outcrops in mountain and valley areas consisting of 9 rock types. The results indicate that the elevation and relief of topography increase physical strength of rock increases. It can be suggested that the total r(rock-mass strength rating) and R(rock rebound strength by Schmidt Hammer) are most useful indices as a quantitative weathering property factor to explain formative causes of topographical relief. The results also suggest that rock types such as sandstone, granite, gneiss and schist are most suitable to explain meaningful difference in topographical relief with the physical and chemical weathering indices.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2016

It was a case study to use as a basic data for efficient the preservation and management of subalpine coniferous forest in national parks. It is based on inhabitation condition of 210 individuals of Abies koreana Wilson that was found through local investigation in the sub-alpine zone of Jirisan National Park and Songnisan National Park. It analyzed the effect of the geographical location and topographical features, which are the basics of location environment, on the growth of A. koreana. The variables related to the growth of A. koreana are tree height and diameter at breast height. Topographical features include geographical longitude, altitude above sea level, slope of the mountains, aspect that describes the direction in which a slope faces and topographical wetness index. Topographical features were extracted through GIS spatial analysis. It used canonical correlation analysis to estimate whether the two variables groups have related to each other and how much they are related, if any, and estimated the effect of the geographical and topographical features on the growth structure of A. koreana using multiple regression analysis. The tree height and diameter at breast height that represent the growth structure of A. koreana show greater relation to geographical latitude distribution than topographical feature and the geographical and topographical factors show greater relation to diameter at breast height than tree height. The growth structure's variable and geographical and topographical variable of A. koreana have meaningful relation and the result shows that geographical and topographical variables explain 18.1% of the growth structure. The variables that affect the diameter at breast height of A. koreana are geographical latitude, topographical wetness index, aspect and altitude, which are put in order of statistical significance. The higher the latitude is, the smaller the diameter at breast height. Depending on the topographical feature, it becomes bigger. The variable that affects the tree height is topographical wetness index, which was the only meaningful variable. Overall, the tree height and diameter at breast height that are related to the growth structure of A. koreana are affected by geographical and topographical feature. It showed that the geographical feature affected it the most. Especially the effect of water among the topographical features is expected to be bigger than the other topographical factors. Based on the result, it is expected that geographical and topographical feature is an important factor for the growth structure of A. koreana. Even though it considered only the geographical and topographical features and used spatial analysis data produced by GIS, the research results will be useful for investigating and researching the growth environment of coniferous forest inhabiting in sub-alpine zone of national parks and are expected to be used as basic data for establishing measures to efficiently manage and preserve evergreen needleaf tree such as A. koreana.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2001

This study analyzed fractal characteristics of river basin by using GIS. In this study, topographical factors in river basin was grid-analyzed for each cell size by using GIS and regression formula was derived by analyzing correlation among topographical factors and cell size which were calculated here. And, analysis of fractal characteristics of river by using the result calculated from 1) showed that among topographical factors, river length only increases according as cell size increases. The result of calculating fractal dimension for each cell size shows that river length, basin area, and centroidal flow path are 1.028, 1.0026 and 1.0061 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this study, a wind hazard map over Korea peninsula based on geographical information is developed, which consists of the surface roughness model, the topographical effect model and the homogeneous wind model. The surface roughness model is assessed to evaluate the effect of the surface roughness on the wind field near ground. The topographical effect model is assessed to quantify the effect of the speed-up caused by topology, which is calculated by adopting the topographical effect factor in Korea building code (2005). The homogeneous wind map is created either by a frequency analysis method for meteorological data or a typhoon simulation. The results show that the wind hazard map can be applied to the determination of insurance premium as well as the assessment of loss and damage.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.260-261
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• 2002

For Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy measurements, the fiber tip is glued on the side of one of the tuning fork prongs vertically to its extended direction. Higher Q-factor is attainable in this geometry than in the arrangement with the fiber tip parallel to the prong. A simple mechanical design is applied to hold the fiber tip above the gluing point. The overall tuning fork-fiber tip assembly gives another advantage of the flexible Q-factor enhancement. With this treatment, Q-factor higher than 3000 is easily achievable. As an operating instance, a grating is scanned for its one dimensional topographical image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.893-903
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• 2008

A method for predicting surface failures which occur during heavy rainfall on mountain slopes is proposed by using the digital land form model that is obtained by reading altitude on a topographical map at 10m grid point space. A depth of a potential failure layer is assumed at each grid point. In the layer, an infiltrated water movement from cell to cell is modeled in the study (cell is a square of the grid). Infiltrated ground water levels which show the three dimensional effects of a topographical factor in an area can be hourly calculated at every cell by the model. The safety factor of every cell is also calculated every hour by the infinite slope stability analysis method with the obtained infiltrated ground water level. Failure potential delineation is defined here as the time when the safety factor becomes less than unity under the assumptions that effective rainfall is 20mm/h and continues 20 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2008

In construction work's design process, we must carry out a topographical survey for construction reserved land and to the basis of this, production of profile is indispensable factor for the purpose of every construction work such as road, rail way, canal and etc. From this research, the production of profile about construction reserved land, using topographical information of digital topographical map produced by NGIS project, construct precision 3D terrain model and from this, propose plans for utilizing by producing automatic profile. With the aim of this, extract every layers of main facilities and altitude from digital topographical map and while producing 3D terrain model by using this, we product automatic profile from precision 3D terrain model. And we was carried out to check whether the automatic produced profile's accuracy could be accepted at actual estimation by mutual analysis. It is considered that the result of the research could be suggested as a new techniques concept which can reduce the designing period and expenses and increase the efficiency of affair in the design process for the construction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.892-896
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• 2008

In construction work's process of a basic planning, we must carry out a topographical for construction reserved land and to the basis of this, production of profile is Indispensable factor for the purpose of every construction work such as road, rail way, canal and etc. From this research, the production of profile about construction reserved land, using topography information of numerical value topographical map produced by NGIS construction project, construct precision 3D topography model and from this, propose plans for utilizing by producing automatic profile. With the aim of this, abstract every layers of main facilities and altitude from numerical value topographical map and while producing 3D topography model by using this, we produce and product automatic profile from construct precision 3D topography. And about the produced profile's process, a topographical by mutual analysis was carried out to check whether the automatic produced profile's accuracy could be accepted at actual estimation and permissible accuracy. It is considered that the result of the research could be suggested as a new formation techniques concept which can reduce the designing time and expenses and increase the efficiency of planning in the basic design process for the construction.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.615-623
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• 2015

Estimation of wind load on bridges is one of the most important aspects in designing bridges in coastal region. Various design codes and researches have suggested the procedure to estimate design wind speed; however, they do not match one another due to many reasons such as incomplete data set, ignorance of wind environment and so on. For this reason, the necessity of guideline for estimation procedure of basic wind speed which reflect the roughness of surface and the topographical effect have been increasing. In this study, we have analysed limitations of the basic wind speed of nationwide suggested by Korea Building code(AIK, 2009) and Highway bridge design code(MOLTMA, 2010). In additional, we set forth guidelines considering the roughness of land surface and the topographical effect. Using the procedure, the basic wind speed were estimated for 15 coastal regions in Korea and compared with those listed in the existing codes.