• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

The study for the estimation potential natural vegetation was estimated the occurrence probability distribution using geographic information system(GIS) in Bukhansan National Park. Correlation and factor analysis were analyzed to estimate probability distribution. Coefficients were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Correlation coefficients were significantly at the 0.01 level. Commonality of elevation, annual mean temperature, warmth index and potential evapotranspiration were high value, but topographic index was low value. Communities of over the 0.3 points distribution probability, Quercus mogolica communities were the largest area, 76,940,900 $m^2$, Pinus densiflora communities area was 860,800 $m^2$, Quercus acutissima communities area was 500,100 $m^2$ and Quercus variabilis communities area was 1,000 $m^2$, but Q. aliena, Q. serrata, Carpinus laxiflora and Zelcova serrata communities was not appeared. Therefore, potential national vegetation of Bukhansan national park was likely to be Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, Q. acutissima community and Q. variabilis community.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.108-117
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• 2008

A transmission designed with P.T.O(Power Take-Off) axle for agricultural work vehicles including multi-purpose vehicles has been developed. It is focused on the 4-wheel drive transmission of synchronous contact type for practical use in fruit tree households which is required for a large-sized agricultural vehicle. Concerning to the specification performed, the load capacity is from 500kg to 1,000kg and the safety should be secured for passengers. In addition, the driving condition should also be secured under bad situations of the topographic slope, swampy land and the rest. In order to carry out above tests, a prototype vehicle through strength analysis of transmission design has been manufactured. Consequently, optimal design conditions on the power transmission with multi-purpose vehicle for various jobs are proposed such as an indication of optimal RPM and torque at a certain work situation. The performance test through the prototype of multi-purpose work vehicle is performed and the related data base is achieved. Finally, it is improved on troubles by the analysis of the results of R&D and provided the solutions on problems occurring to mass production in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.287-298
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• 1997

The main object of this study was to prove the effectiveness of satellite image data for extraction of the Matsucoccus Thenbergianae Miller ビt Park damaged area. The effectiveness of extraction of damaged area was improved by using the BRCT(Backwards radiance correction transformation) with DEM for normalization of topographic effects. The surface analysis of the extracted damaged area was revealed that the damage was started at south-west slope with the aspect of 7 to 18 degrees, and 50% to 70% of the highest altitude mountains. The direction of damage attached by the Matsucoccus Thunbergianae Miller et Park was able to predict through the analysis of periodical of years' images

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.3 s.59
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

Through multiple stage analysis, the biochores in Korea were classified and organized as a hierarchy system. In the 1st step, the isopleth lines of warmth index $100^{\circ}C,\;85^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}C\;\cdot$ month and the coldness index $-8^{\circ}C,\;or-10^{\circ}C\;\cdot$ month, which indicate the boundaries of plant formation zones (Yim and Kira 1975; Yim 1977), were applied in the determination of major biochores. In the 2nd step, these biochores were subdivided into the five classes based on Thornthwaite's moisture index (Im) and Yim and Kira (1976), as follows: $100{\le}Im,100 In the 3 rd step, the analysis of topographic features yielded three categories of flatlands, gentle slope, and steep slope areas. These were obtained by adopting the $100{\times}100-meter$ gridded DEM and by considering the physical features of the Korean Peninsula. The features of relief in mountainous areas, waters, islands, etc. were converted into climatic indices. This grouping of biochores serves as a useful tool for the interpretation of the distributional patterns of vegetation of vascular plants and similar phenomena.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1409-1411
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• 2003

The application of simulated KOMPSAT-2 imagery to monitor graveyards is to be developed. Positions calculated from image were compared with those obtained from Geographic Positioning System. With 24 checkpoints, the position of graveyards showed within 5-meter range. Unsupervised classification, supervised classification, and objected-orientation classification algorithms were used to extract the graveyard. Unsupervised classification with masking processes based on National topographic data gives the best result. The graveyards were categorized with four types in field studies while the two types of graveyards were shown in descriptive statistics. Cluster Analysis and discriminant analysis showed the consistency with two types of tombs. It was hard to get a specific spectral signature of graveyards, as they are covered with grasses at different levels and shaded from the surrounding trees. The slopes and aspects of location of graveyards did not make any difference in the spectral signatures. This study gives the basic spectral characteristics for further development of objected-oriented classification algorithms and plausibility of KOMPSAT-2 images for management of mountainous areas in the aspect of position accuracy and classification accuracy.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the location characteristics in which 'large Jar coffin' (hereinafter referred to as 'Jar coffin') distributed in the Yeongsan river basin area in Jeonnam province by means of topographic analysis. 75 Jar coffins (74.3%) in 19 relics (90.5% of total) were found in hill and 26 Jar coffins (25.7%) of two consumption relics (9.5%) were found in floodplain. Among them, 34 (45.3% of total) and 41 (54.7% of total) Jar coffins were found in the Crest surface and Sideslope of hills, respectively. In particular, 26 (34.7%) Jar coffins are mostly located in the Crest flat. This result implies that people at that might be consider the river inundation, and mostly choose hill rather than floodplain when building the Jar coffin. therefore amongtherefore among micro-landform units of the hill, it seems that the 'Crest flat' was the preferred place for the building the Jar coffin at that time.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

With the popularization of drones and the ease of use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), drone photogrammetry for terrain information has been widely used. Drone photogrammetry enables the realization of high-accuracy three-dimensional topography for the entire area with less effort and time compared to the past direct survey using GNSS or total station. From 3-D topographic data, various topographical analysis is possible. To improve the accuracy of drone photogrammetry, direct GCP surveying in the field is essential, and the numbers and reasonable positioning of GCPs are very important. In the case of beaches or tidal flats on the west coast of Korea, the numbers and location of GCPs are important factors in efficient drone photogrammetry because of the size of the area, difficulties of movement, and the risk from tides. If the RTK (Real-time kinematic) or PPK (Post-processed kinematic) method is used, the increased accuracy of the drone's location enables high-accuracy photogrammetry with a small number of GCPs. This study presents an efficient drone photogrammetry method in terms of time and economy by comparing and analyzing the results of drone photogrammetry using Non-PPK with low-cost PPK-Kit, based on the tests of various numbers and locations of GCPs in the university field including various slopes and structures like coastal terrain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.78-78
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to develop a CAD-based program for data analysis of digital elevation model(DEM) on the aspect of landscape assessment. When handling DEM data as a visual simulation of topographic landscape, it is basic interest to analyze visible area and visualize visual sensitivity distributions. In reference with landscape assessment, more intuitive and interactive visualizing tools are needed, specially in area of visual approach. For adaptability to landscape assessment, algorithmic approaches to visibility analysis and concepts for visual sensitivity calculation in this study were based on processing techniques of entity data control functions used in AutoCAD drawing database. Also, for the purpose of quantitative analysis, grid-type 3DFACE entities were adopted as mesh unit of DEM structure. Developed programs are composed of main part named VSI written in AutoLISP and two of interface modules written in dialog control language(DCL0 for user-oriented interactive usage. Definitions of camera points(view points) and target points(or observed area) are available alternatively in combined methods of representing scenic landscape, scenery, and sequential landscape. In the case of scene landscape(single camera to fixed target point), only visibility analysis in available. And total visibility, frequency of cumulative visibility, and visual sensitivity analysis are available in other cases. Visual sensitivity was thought as view angle(3 dimensional observed visual area) and the strengths were classified in user defined level referring to statistical characteristics of distribution. Visibility analysis routine of the VSI was proved to be more effective in the accuracy and time comparing with similar modules of existing AutoCAD third utility.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.383-393
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• 2018

The regional frequency analysis is the method which uses not only sample of target station but also sample of neighborhood stations in which are classified as hydrological homogeneous regions. Consequently, identification of homogeneous regions is a very important process in regional frequency analysis. In this study, homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis of precipitation were identified by the self-organizing map (SOM) which is one of the artificial neural network. Geographical information and hourly rainfall data set were used in order to perform the SOM. Quantization error and topographic error were computed for identifying the optimal SOM map. As a result, the SOM model organized by $7{\times}6$ array with 42 nodes was selected and the selected stations were classified into 6 clusters for rainfall regional frequency analysis. According to results of the heterogeneity measure, all 6 clusters were identified as homogeneous regions and showed more homogeneous regions compared with the result of previous study.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

The systematic data management system in the area of river flow analysis has not yet constructed, even though the need is evident due to the complicated process of tremendous input/output data in the modeling study and the importance of visualization of spatial flow variation. The objectives of this study are to suggest the method for analysis of changing river sections affecting ecological habitat characteristics. The effects of ecological habitat characteristics are assessed with respect to changing river sections. A GIS special analysis is created representing in the past section of Nonsan-river using historical data. Topographic surfaces are subject to erosional and depositional forces that a specific set of surface characteristics unique to elevation data. GIS spatial analyst is used to generate surface grids from historical point data. Using the GIS spatial analyst can be constructed sections for anywhere of river. The change of depth between 1979 and 1988, the left bank elevations of a river are increased about 1.5m. But the right bank elevations of a river are decreased about 2.3m caused by erosion. In addition, the change of spatial between 1988 and 2002, the regions of a river from upper stream to midstream are decreased the elevation. But the downstream regions are increased the elevation. These changes are analyzed in GIS program to assess methods for affecting ecological habitat.