• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1971

In this study, sections of twenty eight teeth were used to investigate the effect of topical application of $8\%$ stannous fluoride on the decalcification rate of enamel surfaces stripped in a manner suggested for orthodontic purpose. The enamel treated with a single application of a fluoride had a significantly lower tile rate of decalcification for the first 96 hours to lactate buffer solution. After double application of fluoride, decalcification rate decreased signicantly. This study suggested that the continuing protection of stripped surfaces should be sought by regularly scheduled treatment of the enamel with the topical application of fluoride and regular use of a fluoride containing dentifrice.

• CELLMED
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2022

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition affecting the pilosebaceous units and having a multifactorial etiology. In Unani terminology, acne vulgaris is referred as Busoor Labaniya, characterized by white lesions on the face, nose, and cheeks; on squeezing, release cheesy material. In conventional medicine, mild cases are best addressed with topical regimens, but more severe cases require systemic medications. Retinoids (retinoic acid, adapalene, isotretinoin, tazarotene), benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin, and azelaic acid are a few examples of topical medications, whereas systemic drugs include antibiotics (Doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, azithromycin). In the Unani System of Medicine, numerous single and compound drugs have been used to treat Busoor Labaniya. These drugs are considered harmless and do not have any major side effects. In Unani system of medicine, acne vulgaris is effectively managed with natural medicines as well as therapeutic regimens with minimal side effects even after long-term usage. Acne vulgaris is usually treated with systemic blood purifiers along with topical Unani drugs. Hence, clinical studies with proper scientific parameters are needed to be conducted to establish and validate their efficacy in the prevention and control of acne vulgaris.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2005

Purpose: For the reconstruction of maxillofacial defect created by trauma, infection, or tumor etc, the role of microvascular anastomosis or vessel graft has been increased. Many methods has been tried to increase the success rate of microvascular anastomosis. Various anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents have been used to reduce the failure rate of microvascular anastomosis and avoid re-operation. Many drugs, however, have been used in the limited cases because most of these drugs may cause complications, such as allergy, fever or systemic bleeding. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the Argatroban on patency and thrombosis in microvascular anastomosis when it is used for local irrigation or general administration. Materials & methods: Eight mature rabbits, weighing 2kg, were used. After exposing both femoral veins, the artificial thrombotic model was made by crushing injury using a smooth needle holder, and the transverse incision were made on femoral vein. The animals were divided into 4 groups according to Argatroban administration methods; control group (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution; experimental group 1 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban saline solution; experimental group 2 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with heparin followed by intravenous injection of Argatroban; experimental group 3 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban followed by IV of Argatroban. Microvascular anastomosis was done with 10-0 Ethilon. The patency was evaluated by empty-and-refill test 30 minutes and 3 days after microanastomosis. The thrombus formation was examined 3 days after microanastomosis by surgical microscope. The histologic findings were also examined. Results: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was better than that of control group, but there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was more improved than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 3. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all experimental groups was less than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 4. Histologically, a lot of luminal thrombus was observed around sutured area in control group. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all experimental groups. The necrotic changes were observed on the sutured vein wall in all specimens. Conclusion: These results indicate that topical irrigation and/or intravenous administration of Argatroban is effective in improving patency and preventing thrombus formation after microvascular anastomosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.24-39
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this survey is to examine Korean medical doctor's prescription status of Jaungo. Methods : The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail to Korean medical doctors who were registered in the association of Korean medicine from December 26th 2017 to February 5th 2018. We screened out respondents who didn't meet screening criteria. Results : Total 325 respondents completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed. 74.7% of respondents were provided Jaungo from outside (extramural herbal dispensaries, pharmaceutical company). Almost all of the respondents (98.2%) were prescribing Jaungo in the form of ointment, and the cream container was the most commonly used container. In chief Indications of Jaungo were skin dryness (83.1%), pruritus (67.7%), burns (64.0%), and atopic dermatitis (60.9%). More than 60% of the respondents were prescribing Jaungo without additional herbs or additives. Most of patients were educated to apply Jaungo thinly to the affected area once or twice a day or frequently. Reason for dissatisfaction about Jaungo of patient were due to staining clothes (59.1%), offensive smell (44.0%), and poor texture (26.5%). Conclusions : Jaungo is a topical herbal agent frequently used in the Korean medicine. This is the first survey figure out current status of topical herbal agent in Korean medical doctors. The result of this study would contribute to progressing treatment method using topical herbal agent.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze studies about the effects of topical application of Chinese herbal medicine for allergic rhinitis within randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods The search database includes KJTK (Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated system), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), PubMed, and EMBASE. We used the following key search terms: "allergic rhinitis", "traditional Chinese medicine", "traditional Korean medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "randomized controlled trial", "clinical study", "nasal spray", and "nasal drop" Results Five studies were selected for analysis. Three studies used nasal spray of Chinese herbal medicine and two studies used nasal drops of Chinese herbal medicine for the intervention. Frequently used herbs were Magnoliae Flos (辛夷), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Coptidis Rhizoma (黃連), and Astragali Radix (黃芪). For the outcome measures, studies used symptom score, questionnaire of Quality of Life, nasal airway resistance, or laboratory studies. From all 5 studies, it has been shown that topical application of Chinese herbal medicine was effective for improving symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Two out of five studies showed statistical difference between study group and control group. Conclusions This study shows that topical application of Chinese herbal medicine can improve symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Well-designed RCT studies with low risk of bias and studies with outcome measures for assessing the immunomodulatory effects are necessary to confirm these findings.

• Korean journal of dermatology
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.581-593
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• 2018

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease that affects both children and adults. AD is the cause of considerable morbidity including severe pruritus and impaired quality of life. Treatments for active disease include avoidance of triggering factors, barrier repair, topical medications including topical corticosteroids (TCs) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), phototherapy, antibacterial agents, and systemic immunosuppressants including cyclosporine. Until recently, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved systemic treatment options for patients with moderate-to-severe AD were steroids and cyclosporine. Systemic steroids are not recommended by current guidelines and are commonly associated with disease rebound. Instead, clinicians choose from several off-label immunosuppressants. In 2018, the Korean FDA approved dupilumab for adults with moderate-to-severe AD whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical therapies. The implementation of treatment guidelines for AD is challenging. Herein, we review the several treatment modalities for AD and recommend a treatment algorithm.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.86.1-86.14
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• 2023

Background: Long-term comparisons of phacoemulsification with topical medication are limited in canine diabetic cataracts. Objectives: To compare outcomes of eyes submitted to phacoemulsification with those of topical medication for canine diabetic cataracts and identify risk factors for complications. Methods: Through medical records review, 150 eyes (76 dogs) with diabetic cataracts were included; 58 eyes (31 dogs) underwent phacoemulsification (phaco-group) and 92 eyes (48 dogs) received ophthalmic solution alone (medication-group). The medication-group was divided into owner-led and vet-led groups depending on who elected not to perform surgery. Comparisons involved time-to-complications, vision, and the number and type of ophthalmic solutions administered. The association between complications and pretreatment clinical findings was investigated. Results: No difference was found in complication risk between the phaco and owner-led medication groups. Conversely, the vet-led medication-group had a higher complication risk than the other groups. At the last follow-up, 94.8% of the phaco-group had vision, whereas 7.6% of the medication-group restored some visual axis. Poor glycemic control in the medication-group and younger age in the phaco-group increased complication risk. At 1-year post-treatment, the average number of ophthalmic solutions administered was 1.7 and 2.6 in the phaco and medication groups, respectively. The medication-group used anti-inflammatories the most throughout the follow-up, whereas the phaco-group used anti-inflammatories the most until 1-year post-treatment and lacrimostimulants at 1.5-year post-treatment. Conclusions: For canine diabetic cataracts, phacoemulsification is recommended because it is superior to topical management alone in terms of maintaining vision and reducing the number of ophthalmic solutions required in the long term.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.23 no.12 s.199
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 1985

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop an educational program designed to allow students to experience 'up-cycling' first-hand during class and understand its significance by helping them improving their practical problem-solving abilities. Teachers of home economics, Korean, and social studies to third grade middle schooler were asked to analyze the curriculums of their subjects. The analysis results were then used to identify common elements among the units, reconstruct the curriculums, and develop an integrated lesson program to offer integrated activities. Based on these, a lesson program was developed to make an eco-bag and running shoes under the theme of 'up-cycling' in the unit of 'environmentally-friendly clothing and mending of clothes' in the home economics subject. The results were as follows: First, a topical fusion lesson program was developed to integrate three subjects together. The development process involved the integration of the topic of up-cycling, a program model for integrated lessons, and a teaching and learning process plan for topical integrated education. Secondly, a lesson program for home economics was developed that was applicable to actual home economics lessons based on the topical integrated lesson program. The lesson domains were divided into large, medium, and small to create a ten-lesson teaching and learning process plan needed for the lessons, teaching materials that could be put to actual uses in lessons, and activity and evaluation logs for learners.

• Korean journal of dermatology
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.609-613
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• 2018

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an incidence of 0.5~3% of the worldwide population. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is related to dysregulated keratinocyte function and immune reactions. Notably, genetic factors are considered important etiological contributors. Globally, several researchers have recently performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify the genes related with psoriasis. Objective: We aimed to investigate the expression pattern of 2 candidate genes that were identified by GWAS. These include interleukin 28 receptor alpha (IL28RA) and CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1). Methods: We applied imiquimod cream to develop a psoriasis-like mouse model and obtained skin tissue. We performed immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of IL-28A and CSMD1. Results: IL28RA expression increased at an early time point such as 1 day after the topical application of 5% imiquimod cream. However, its expression returned to baseline levels 2 weeks after the topical application of imiquimod cream. CSMD1 expression also increased after the topical application of imiquimod, with increased expression particularly observed in the upper epidermal layer. Notably, CSMD1 expression decreased 7 days after imiquimod cream application. Conclusion: These results suggest that IL28RA and CSMD1 may play key roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.