• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.239-245
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to identify international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) categories that could be linked conceptually to disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) items and short form of health survey 36 (SF-36) items for persons with shoulder pain. Methods: Linkage between each item in DASH and SF-36 and the categories in the ICF were assessed. The linking process was performed by ten health professionals following the linking rule. One hundred four patients with shoulder pain were enrolled from 12 private clinic outpatient departments and participated in this study. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationships between each scale item and the linked ICF code. Results: Thirty DASH items were able to be linked to 30 ICF codes, whereas the 36 items in SF-36 were only linked to 17 ICF codes. General health items included in SF-36 could not be linked to a relevant ICF concept. There was a high correlation between the two measurement tools and the linked ICF codes, DASH and its ICF code list (r =0.91), SF-36-Physical Health and its code list (r =-0.62), and SF-36-Mental Health and its code list (r =-0.72). Conclusion: The results suggest that concepts within each item in DASH can be linked to ICF codes for patients with shoulder pain, however, the concepts in the SF-36 items had limited linkage to ICF codes. The shoulder-specific functional tool, DASH can be expressed with ICF codes and, therefore, its use can promote data standardization and improve communication between professionals.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.79-93
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate therapeutic exercise and to provide the evidence of daoyin exercise for shoulder pain. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Science ON, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System were searched up to October 2022. We selected randomized controlled trials. The quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis were perfomed by Review Manager software. Results Eighteen randomized controlled trials were collected in accordance with the selection and exclusion criteria. Among the 18 trials, 7 trials used strengthening exercise, 4 trials used stablilization exercise, 5 trials used both types of intervention, and 2 trials used daoyin exercise. The study characteristics, results and method of intervention were analyzed. Meta-analysis showed that therapeutic exercise appeared to more effective than no treatment group for shoulder pain (standardized mean difference=-1.18, 95% confidence interval=-1.44 to 0.91, Z=8.82, p<0.00001; chi²=2.71, p=0.61; I²=0%). Conclusions All of 18 selected studies reported the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise for shoulder pain. Combining strengthening and stablilization exercise is considered the most efficient way for shoulder pain. Based on this study, well-designed studies should be performed to be evidence of the use of daoyin exercise for shoulder pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium on pain, proprioception, and motor function in adults with chronic neck and shoulder pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest follow-up experimental design. Method: Twenty adult women with neck and shoulder pain voluntarily participated in this study. Elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium including cervical flexion and extension, shoulder external rotation, and scapular retraction-protraction motions was conducted 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The Numerical Rating Scale, pressure threshold tool, CROM goniometer, and Image J software were used to assess subjective pain level, tenderness threshold (pain), joint position sense error (proprioception), joint range of motion, and postural alignment (motor function), respectively. Result:: The pain intensity and threshold and joint position sense error showed significant decreases after the intervention, whereas the joint range of motion angle revealed significant increases. The postural alignment including forward head posture and rounded shoulder revealed significant improvements after the intervention. Conclusions: Therefore, we suggest that elastic band-resistive exercise through audio-visual medium would be helpful in preventing and managing pain and physical dysfunction in individuals with chronic neck and shoulder pain, and then it would support the development of health management-related online education content.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.379-389
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• 2016

As a stator for steam turbine diaphragm, hollow-type nozzle stator to substitute for conventional solid one is introduced in this study. This hollowed stator can be separated into two parts such as upper and lower plates with large and curved surface area. This study focuses on thick plate forming process for the upper plate of the hollow-partitioned nozzle stator. First, to reduce forming defects such as under-cut and localized thinning of the deformed plate, and to avoid tool interruption between forming punch and lower die, tool design including the position determination of forming surfaces is performed. Uni-axial tensile tests are carried out using SUS409L steel plate with initial thickness of 5.00mm, and plastic strain ratio (r-value) is also obtained. Due to the asymmetric curved configuration of the upper plate, it is hard to adopt a series of blank holder or draw-bead, so the initial plate during this thick plate forming experiences unstable and non-uniform contact. To easy this forming difficulty and find suitable tool geometry without sliding behavior of the workpiece in the die cavity, two geometric parameters with respect to each shoulder angle of the lower die and the upper punch are adopted. FE models with consideration of 21 combinations for the geometric parameters are built-up, and numerical simulations are performed. From the simulated and predicted results, it is shown that the geometric parameter combinations with ($30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$) and ($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$) for the shoulder angle of the lower die and the upper punch are suitably applied to this upper plate forming of the hollow-partitioned nozzle stator used for the turbine diaphragm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04b
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• pp.157-163
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• 1995

This paper presents an algorithm to deternine the tool path height for rough machining of sculptured surface. To minimize rough machining of sculptured surface, it is necessary to determine the tool path heights of contour planes. the proposed algorithm searches for the height at which maximum metal removal rate is obtained. This bisection method is accomplished until all shoulder heights are within roughing tolerance. The machining experiment demonstrates the superiority of the algorithm presented in this thesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study was implemented to measure the muscle activity of muscles surrounding shoulder during push-up exercise according to the slope angle. METHODS: This study has research subject consisting of 25 normal male adults without neurologic or musculoskeletal injury in shoulder part. EMG was used as a tool for measuring muscle activity and four muscles including upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), Lower Trapezius (LT), and Serratus Anterior (SA) were chosen for measuring the muscle activity of muscles surrounding shoulder. Tilting table slope was set at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ and push-up motion was performed three time for each case to use the average value. The measured value was used after generalization process to create %RVC value where the measured value was standardized by using $0^{\circ}$ as a standard. RESULTS: There was a difference of muscle activity according to the tilting table slope during push-up exercise. In UT, MT, and SA, there was no significant $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. But there was significant $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. LT was significant difference between $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ (p<.05). CONCLUSION: There are cases where push-up exercise should be selectively implemented due to shoulder problems. According to this results between $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, push up will be able to more effectively exercise. Applying proper angle of tilting table for push-up to patients who have difficulties in performing motions along with physical consumption can deliver effective and easy exercise program.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Juglandis Semen Pharmaco-puncture Therapy on Shoulder Pain. Methods & Results: Clinical studies on shoulder pain were carried out on 34 patients who were treated at Department of Acupuncture & Moxibusition, Samse Oriental Medical Hospital from June to October, 2009. Patients were divided into two groups, i.e. Sample group(Group A) and Control group(Group B). Group B were treated by body acupuncture and cupping therapies while Group A were added juglandis semen pharmacopuncture therapy to therapies of Group A. All patients of both groups were treated three times a week for three weeks. In order to evaluate pain degree, we apply Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and the tool developed by Japan's Industrial Hygienics Society and modified by Korean Doctor. Evaluations were done after first week, second week and third week during period of treatment. Results: Both groups showed significant pain decreasing tendencies. But Group A showed more efficiency comparing to Group B. Conclusions: According to the above-mentioned results, it seems that Juglandis Semen pharmacopuncture therapy could be applied as the effective method for reducing shoulder pain.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2011

In this study, the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of Mg alloy sheets has been tried using an apparatus devised with a CNC milling machine to give the precise control of joining condition including tool speed. The probe tool used is made of hard metal and composed of cylindrical shoulder and pin parts. The variation of morphologies formed after the friction stir spot welding depending on the plunge speed of the tool were investigated at each rpm of tool. The history of the temperature distribution and the vertical load induced during the spot welding with friction time were measured by using an Infrared Thermal Imager (THERMA CAMTM SC2000) and a loadcell located below the specimen fixture, respectively. Tensile-shear tests were also performed to evaluate the fracture load of welded specimens. In order to characterize the friction stir spot welding of Mg alloy sheets, the variation of the fracture load was discussed on micrographic observations, temperature distribution during the FSSW according to the plunge speeds of tool.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

The purpose of this study were to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of shoulder passive range of motion measurement using the "Clinometer + bubble level", a smartphone application and to compare with the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurement using a goniometer. Twenty six patients with stroke were recruited for this study. Two raters measured the passive range of motion of four types of shoulder movements (forward flexion; FF, abduction; ABD, external rotation at $90^{\circ}$ abduction; ER90 and internal rotation at $90^{\circ}$ abduction; IR90) using a goniometer and a smartphone to determine within-day inter-rater reliability. A retest session was performed thirty minutes later to determine within-day intra-rater reliability. The reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). The ICC (2,1) for the inter-rater reliabilities of the goniometer and smartphone were good in FF and ABD [ICC (2,1)=.75~.87] and excellent in ER90 [ICC (2,1)=.90~.95]. The intra-rater reliabilities for the goniometer and smartphone were good or more than good, with an ICC (3,1) value >.75, the exception was IR90 measured by rater 2 on the smartphone. These results suggest that smartphone could be used as an alternative method tool for measurement of passive shoulder range of motion in patients with stroke.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aimed to verify the clinical effectiveness of Baduanjin for shoulder pain. Methods : We searched 10 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CAJ, KISS, KISTI, KMBASE, RISS, NDSL, and OASIS) up to May 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Baduanjin for shoulder pain. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results : As a result of the search, a total of 6 RCTs were eligible for analysis. Of these 6 studies, one applied Baduanjin alone and 5 cases used Baduanjin in combination with other treatments, such as acupuncture or electroacupuncture. Except for 2 studies, descriptive analysis was performed without meta-analysis due to the high level of heterogeneity between studies. A high risk of bias was observed in all studies. Conclusions : When considering the results of the included papers, there was limited information derived on the therapeutic effect of using Baduanjin as a single intervention, but the results showed significant effectiveness when Baduanjin was combined with other oriental interventions, such as acupuncture and electroacupuncture, in the clinical field. Although all RCTs included in the analysis were biased to CAJ and the number was limited, this study was conducted in accordance with the methodological process of systematic literature reviews and revealed the clinical effects of Baduanjin on shoulder pain.