• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2001

The thermal shock resistance has been investigated and compared in three hot-work tool steels. The resistance to thermal shock is first of all a matter of good toughness and ductility. Therefore, a proper hot-work tool steel should be characterized by high fracture strength and high temperature toughness. In this study, new test method is proposed to measure the thermal shock resistance. New method is basically based on Uddeholm' thermal shock test but some modification has been properly applied. Based on these results, some critical temperature($T_{fractures}$) at which fracture occur can be measured to characterize the thermal resistance of the materials. The specific values of ${\Delta}T$, the temperature difference between holding temperature and $T_{fractures}$, has been successfully used as a measure of the thermal shock resistance in this study, the results showed that the thermal shock method used in this study was properly modified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.162-167
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• 2005

Recently, the advanced industries using micro parts are rapidly growing. Micro endmilling is one of the prominent technology that has wide spectrum of application field ranging from macro to micro parts. Also, the method of micro-grooving using micro endmilling is used widely owing to many merit, but has problems of precision and quality of products due to tool wear and tool fracture. This study deals with condition monitoring using acoustic emission(AE) signal in the micro-grooving. First, the feature extraction of AE signal directly related to machining process is executed. Then, the distinctive micro endmill state according to the each tool condition is classified by using the fuzzy C-means algorithm, which is one of the methods to recognize data patterns. These result is effective monitoring method of micro endmill state by the AE sensing techniques which can be expected to be applicable to micro machining processes in the future.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.66-75
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• 1987

The determination of stress distributions on the rake face of tool are important to understand the mechanism of metal cutting. For this reason, many researchers have been payed much effort to analyize machining stress distribution on the rake face. The author's photoelastic experiment has shown that the stress distributions on a rake face can be obtained photoelastically by using a specially designed tool made of epoxy resin plate, and also, Stress Intensity Factors $k_{I}$, $k_{II}$ and Crack Extension Angle can be deter mined by using Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics.ics..

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.564-573
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the factors associated with the first reported fracture in osteoporotic patients. Methods: One hundred and sixty-four patients who presented with osteoporosis at K hospital in G city, South Korea between July and September 2010 were participated in study. Modified Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey tool were used to measure participants' living habits. Computer aided nutritional analysis program (CAN-PRO) designed by Nutrition Information Center in the Korean Nutrition Society (2002) was used to analyze foods intake and to calculate the individual nutrients intake. Results: The risk of developing the first osteoporotic fracture was ten times higher in the patients between 65 to 74 years (OR=10.06, p=.010), and 28.41 times greater in those with increasing falls (OR=28.41, p<.001). Patients with higher bone marrow density (BMD) and higher consumption of animal protein diet had lower risks of developing the first osteoporotic fracture (OR=0.37, p=.011; OR=0.88, p=.040, respectively). Conclusion: Risk factors for osteoporotic fracture included the age from 65 to 74 years, an increase in falls, low animal protein consumption, and reduced BMD. Systematic educational program is needed to prevent fracture in osteoporotic patients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

This research work has been carried out for finding J-integral in mode II of CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastics) laminate plates based on the classical bar theory in dynamic conditions with consideration of the effect of inertia forces, eventually to lead to finding the dynamic inter-layer fracture toughness. Dynamic inter-layer fracture toughness was found by a self-made ENF(End Notched Flexure) experimental apparatus using Split Hopkinson's Bar(SHPB), and also observed the variation of the fracture toughness haying different resin contents and fiber arrangements of CFRP specimen([$0_3^{\circ}/90_3^{\circ}/0_6^{\circ}/90_3^{\circ}/0_3^{\circ}$], [$0_{20}^{\circ}$], [$0_5^{\circ}/90_{10}^{\circ}/0_5^{\circ}$]). As an experimental result, in either cases of quasi-static or dynamic load condition, the critical load and the inter-layer fracture toughness increased sharply depending on the increase of resin contents. Therefore, it could, be concluded that the effect by resin contents is the major factor determining the inter-layer fracture toughness in the CFRP laminate plates.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.98-104
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• 2006

In this paper, for the purpose of investigation the acoustic emission(AE) behaviors during resistance spot welding process and tension test of spec steels. As the results present the resistance spot welding method that can get suitable welding qualities or structural integrity estimating method. The resistance spot welding process consists of several stages: set-down of the electrodes; squeeze; current flow; forging; hold time; and lift-off. Various types of AE signals are produced during each of these stages. For tensile-shear test and cross tensile test in resistance spot welded specimens, fracture pa 야 ems are produced: tear fracture; shear fracture; and plug fracture. Tensile-shear specimens strength appeared higher than cross tensile specimens one. In case of tensile-shear specimen happened tear fracture that crack happens in most lower plate. Also, in case of cross tensile specimens, upper plate and lower plate are detached perfect fracture was exposed increases a little as acting force is lower than ordinary welding condition. Therefore, the structure which is combined by resistance spot welding confirmed that welding design must attain so that shear stress may can interact mainly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.4 s.181
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• pp.116-123
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• 2006

During the last two decades, many researchers investigated influences of stress triaxiality on ductile fracture for various specimens and structures. With respect to a transferability issue, the local approach reflecting micro-mechanical specifics is one of effective methods to predict constraint effects. In this paper, the applicability of the local approach was examined through a series of finite element analyses incorporating modified GTN (Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) and Rousselier models as well as fracture toughness tests. To achieve this goal, fracture resistance (J-R) curves of several types of compact tension (CT) specimens with various crack length, with various thickness and with/without 20% side- grooves were estimated. Then. the constraint effects were examined by comparing the numerically estimated J-R curves with experimentally determined ones. The assessment results showed that the damage models might be used as useful tool for fracture toughness estimation and both the crack length and thickness effects should be considered for realistic structural integrity evaluation.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.3E
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• pp.145-150
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• 2006

An experiment with the objective of providing guidelines for joint depth determination and timing of contraction joint sawcutting to avert uncontrolled cement concrete pavement cracking has been conducted. Theoretical analysis and laboratory tests were performed to help in understanding and analyzing the field observation. Using two-dimensional elastic fracture mechanics, the influence of several parameters on crack propagation was delineated by a parametric study, involving initial notch ratio, joint spacing, Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of concrete, temperature gradient, and modulus of subgrade reaction. Bimaterials made of rock plus cement mortar and rock plus polymer mortar were applied to the concrete in a field test section, and they were subjected to fracture tests. These tests have shown that fracture mechanics is a powerful tool not only in judging the quality of the jointed cement concrete pavement but also in providing a criterion for crack propagation and delamination. Based on fracture mechanics, a method is proposed to determine the joint depth, sawcut timing, and spacing of the jointed cement concrete pavement. This method has successfully been applied to a test section in Seohaean expressway. This study also summarizes the research results obtained from a field test for jointed plain concrete pavement, which was also carried out on the Seohaean expressway.

• Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 1996

In this paper, a finite element analysis based on the local approach concept to fracture in the continuum damage mechanics is performed to analyze ductile fracture in two dimensional quasi-static state. First an isotropic damage model based on the generalized concept of effective stress is proposed for structural materials in the context of large deformation. In this model, the stiffness degradation is taken as a measure of damage and so, the fracture phenomenon can be explained as the critical deterioration of stiffness at a material point. The modified Riks' continuation technique is used to solve incremental iterative equations. Crack propagation is achieved by removing critically damaged elements. The mesh size sensitivity analysis and the simulation of the well known shearing mode failure in plane strain state are carried out to verify the present formulation. As numerical examples, an edge cracked plate and the specimen with a circular hole under plane stress are taken. Load-displacement curves and successively fractured shapes are shown. From the results, it can be concluded that the proposed model based on the local approach concept in the continuum damage mechanics may be stated as a reasonable tool to explain ductile fracture initiation and crack propagation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.30-34
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• 1998

In-process monitoring of cutting conditions and tool wear is important for improving productivity. This paper is concerned with on-line monitoring of tool wear and cutting force in end milling operation. The experimental study deals with the relations between flank wear and cutting force signal. Tool wear is detected by monitoring of cutting signal. A monitoring procedure is shown in this paper. The influence of flank wear on cutting signal activity was examined. The results are presented in the form of graphs. The analysis of the cutting signal and flank wear curves provides useful indicators of unacceptable wear development in the tool.