• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 2020

The growing need for assuring efficient and sustainable investments in civil engineering structures has determined a renovated interest in the rational design of such structures from designers, clients and authorities. As a result, risk-informed decision-making methodologies are increasingly being used as a direct decision tool or as an upper-level layer from which performance-based approaches are then calibrated against. One of the most important and challenging aspects of today's structural design is to adequately handle the system-level effects, the known unknowns and the unknown unknowns. These aspects revolve around assessing and evaluating relevant damage scenarios, namely those involving unacceptable/intolerable damage levels. Hence, the importance of risk analysis of disproportionate collapse, and along with it of robustness. However, the way robustness has been used in modern design codes varies substantially, from simple provisions of prescriptive rules to complex risk analysis of the disproportionate collapse. As a result, implementing design for robustness is still very much a grey area and more so when it comes to defining means to quantify robustness. This paper revisits the most common robustness frameworks, highlighting their merits and limitations, and identifies one among them which is very promising as a way forward to solve the still open challenges.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2018

This article details a bridge-specific fragility method developed to enhance the seismic design and resilience of bridges. Current seismic design processes provide guidance for the design of a bridge that will not collapse during a design hazard event. However, they do not provide performance information of the bridge at different hazard levels or due to design changes. Therefore, there is a need for a supplement to this design process that will provide statistical information on the performance of a bridge, beyond traditional emphases on collapse prevention. This article proposes a bridge-specific parameterized fragility method to enable efficient estimation of various levels of damage probability for alternative bridge design parameters. A multi-parameter demand model is developed to incorporate bridge design details directly in the fragility estimation. Monte Carlo simulation and Logistic regression are used to determine the fragility of the bridge or bridge component. The resulting parameterized fragility model offers a basis for a bridge-specific design tool to explore the influence of design parameter variation on the expected performance of a bridge. When used as part of the design process, these tools can help to transform a prescriptive approach into a more performance-based approach, efficiently providing probabilistic performance information about a new bridge design. An example of the method and resulting fragility estimation is presented.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1261-1273
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• 2010

The advent of various arts and remarkable development of mass media since 1980s accelerate fashion photographs' advancement. The expression of fashion through photographs can represent characteristics of ages, societies, cultures, traits of designers and techniques of photographers. In addition, that is the tool which contains economical role as a product and artistic role as photos. Therefore, this study examines hyprt-reality images in editorial fashion photographs. Hyper-reality means the reproduction which represents the reality of life more actually. Hyper-reality through photographs elevates reality of virtual things and creates the confused situation which haunts the boundary between reality and reproduction. This study classifies the hyper-reality in editorial fashion photographs into three groups by their external traits, ideal reality, collapse of reality, and restoration of reality. First, ideal reality is represented as harmony among fashion, characters, and space, causality of fashion with time and circumstances, positive will, and melting with nature. Second, collapse of reality is expressed as in harmony between fashion and situation, violence, fetishism and symbol of death. Third, restoration of reality is shown as recurrence to nature and images of utopia to express dignity of life.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2015

Three-dimensional (3D) resistivity method is an effective tool in the engineering site survey because it can provide a 3D resistivity distribution of the site. In this study, we tried to find out faults, fractures and coal seams that can cause the collapse of the tunnel. We carried out 2D resistivity survey along 5 parallel lines and 11 cross lines and merged all the apparent resistivity data for 3D inversion. Finally, from the 3D resistivity image and drilling data we presented the 3D distribution of faults, fractures and coal seams that are considered the main cause of the tunnel collapse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2006

This paper shows that case-based reasoning (CBR), an artificial intelligence technique, is a quite efficient tool in monitoring financial market against its possible collapse. For this purpose, daily financial condition indicator (DFCI) monitoring financial market is built on CBR and its performance is compared to DFCI on neural network. This study is empirically done for the Korean financial market.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.144-149
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• 2008

This study presents the selection of cutting conditions in high speed pipe cutting machine for the better quality. A high speed pipe cutting machine which uses a rotary knife can make good quality products in short time. But, the machine is much sensitive by cutting conditions because of the complicated mechanism. In this reason, many experiments for cutting condition selection are necessary to improve quality of production. This study carried out cutting experiments with the three factors that are cutting RPM, cutting force and pooling force. 2-dimensional profile measuring instrument is used to measure which is represented by ${\Delta}h$, a sum of burr and collapse height. The effects of factors are analyzed by using MINITAB, the commercial software.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

After the collapse of the Tacoma bay bridge at Tacoma Washington, the accurate prediction of aerodynamics became crucial to the sound design of bridges. CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) becomes important tool for the prediction on wind effects on the bridge due to the recent development of CFD. The usage of CFD is further prompted by the advantages in using CFD, such as low-cost and fast feed-back of design. In this paper, an unsteady compressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes code is used for the computation of the flow over bridges. Coakley's ��q-${\omega}$ �� two-equation turbulence model is used for the turbulent eddy viscosity. For accurate and stable computations, the local preconditioning method is adapted to the code. Aerodynamic characteristics of a couple bridges are presented to show the validity and the accuracy of the method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.213-233
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• 2009

In this paper the study of a reinforced concrete wall used as protection against accidental explosions in the petrochemical industry is presented. Many alternatives of accidental scenarios and sizes of the wall are analyzed and discussed. Two main types of events are considered, both related to vessel bursts: Pressure vessel bursts and BLEVE. The liberated energy from the explosion was calculated following procedures firmly established in the practice and the effects over the structures and the reinforced concrete wall were calculated by using a CFD tool. The results obtained show that the designed wall reduces the values of the peak overpressure and impulse and, as a result, the damage levels to be expected. It was also proved that a reinforced concrete wall can withstand the blast load for the considered events and levels of pressure and impulse, with minor damage and protect the buildings.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1995

The larger and the more complicated the system size and configuration grow, the more serious the system loss problem becomes. Exessive system loss causes severs system voltage depression, which even may result in system voltage collapse. This paper proposes an effective tool for minimizing the system power loss by optimal re-location of the static condenser based on the system loss sensitivity index .lambda.$_{Q}$. It is possible to determine the optimal location and amount of VAR investment for minimizing the system loss by priority of .lambda.$_{Q}$ index given for each bus. Several computational techniques for avoiding divergency of the load flow solution are proposed. The loss sensitivity index .lambda.$_{Q}$ uses information of normal power flow equations and their Jacobians. Two case studies proved the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed.posed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2012

This thesis has purpose of explaining that blur color is not only appreciated but also undecided spacial color in contemporary space design and examining effects of space experience through the light. In keeping such developments, blur color has been perceived as the object of another tool in contemporary space and has provided us with new views by providing various program, sensor and screen from digital media. With the expansion of blur color, light has changed a spacial color structural that is not simple meaning factor into the essential concept. So this research aims to understand the principle of blur color in Olafur Eliasson's work, which of the fine artist in diverse fields from installation art to media art. The principle of blur color such as deconstruction of vanishing point, dimensional transfer, color gradation, and fiction of visual perception makes it possible to extract the expressed element and method of blur color. Meanwhile, the features of blur color such as sense of depth from viewpoint changes, hybrid from collapse of order, media metamorphosis from reconstitution and interaction from uncanny can be inferred from case analysis.