• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Neck metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in treating tonsillar cancer. Incidence and pattern of lymph node metastasis of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma are the basic knowledge of treatment decision. Occult metastasis rate of tonsillar cancer and pattern of metastasis, failure pattern, survival were retrospectively analyzed. Patients and Methods: Seventy six patients who underwent surgery for tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma as an initial treatment from 1992 to 2004 were evaluated. Charts, imaging studies and pathologic reports were reviewed. Results: At the time of surgery, 78% of patients with tonsillar cancer had neck metastasis and 66% had multiple node metastasis. Occult neck metastasis was in 26%. There was high incidence of neck metastasis even in early stage of primary lesion. Conclusion: High incidence of lymph node metastasis was confirmed histopathologically in tonsillar cancer. All tonsillar cancer patients may need elective treatment of the neck. Tonsillar cancer had relatively good prognosis even though its neck metastasis rate is very high.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-18
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• 2012

Ipsilateral tonsillectomy and panendoscopy-guided biopsy following imaging studies are considered a standard procedure in the search for a primary origin in patients with cervical metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin(MUO). However, many authors recommended bilateral tonsillectomy for the determination of the primary site of a MUO, because cervical metastasis may occur contralateral to tonsillar carcinoma. The authors attempted to address the clinical implications of using routine bilateral tonsillectomy to determine the primary site of MUOs based on a case report of cervical MUO that was finally diagnosed as a bilateral synchronous tonsillar carcinoma with cervical metastasis after a diagnostic work-up that included bilateral tonsillectomy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.235-235
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

Background：Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the palatine tonsils represents approximately 15-23% of all intraoral SCC. The most frequently reported risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer are smoking and alcohol. In a recent overview of HPV and tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma(TC), 51% contained HPV DNA, and HPV-16 being the most frequent type. We aimed to clarify whether HPV directly effects on the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of TC by comparison with infection prevalence, and physical status of virus. Material and Method：We used HPV genotyping DNA chip(Biocore, Korea, Seoul) arrayed by multiple oligonucleotide probes of L1 sequence of 26 types of HPV and HPV genotypes are identified by fluorescence scanner. The copy numbers of HPV E2 and E6 open reading frames(ORF) were assessed using a TaqMan-based 5'-exonuclease quantitative real-time PCR assay. The ratio of E2 to E6 copy numbers was calculated to determine the physical status of HPV-16 viral gene. Results：We observed a significant difference in HPV prevalence between 52 TCs and 69 CFTs(73.1% vs. 11.6%), and most of the HPVs were type 16(87.2%)and non-episomal(94.1%) state. Conclusions：This study regarding HPV infection prevalence and mechanism in the largest population of palatine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma with chronic follicular tonsillitis revealed significant difference pf HPV prevalence between TC and CFT. Most of HPV were 16 type and integrated or mixed, HPV-16 integration could be directly related to tonsillar carcinogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1994

Segmental mandibulectomy causes severe functional disability and cosmetic problem. Many methods of reconstruction have been used but none of these procedures provides the ideal solution. There has been increased interest in the possibility of preserving a portion of the mandible and still carrying out a adequate tumor resection. We experienced four cases of marginal with sagittal mandibulectomy in patients with floor of mouth. buccal. and soft palate carcinoma, and sagittal mandibulectomy in 8 patients with tonsillar carcinoma and a case of marginal mandibulectomy in tonsillar cancer patient. In all cases mandible facing the tumor were successfully resected and repair of the mandible. postoperative facial contour were satisfactory. We think. that these sagittal procedures are oncologically sound in its removal of tumor. biomechanically secure and maximize postoperative rehabilitation while maintaining the normal contour of the face.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.154-158
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• 2011

A 8-year-old female Shih-tzu dog (weighting 4.5 kg) with history of both hindlimb lameness and cervical mass was presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Gyeongsang National University. In physical examination, ataxia, kyphosis, back pain and cervical mass were identified. Marked periosteal new bone formation of the fourth lumbar vertebra and soft tissue opacity mass of cervical region were observed in survey radiographs. Transverse computed tomography (CT) scan obtained at the lumbar and cervical lesions shown a well defined multilobulated bony mass and partially destructive lytic lesions the fourth lumbar vertebral body and a enlarged retropharyngeal lymph node with heterogeneous contrast enhancement and moderately enhancing left tonsillar mass. Neoplastic squamous epithelium which have developed vessel and lymphocyte infiltration in surrounding tissue were confirmed based on histopathologic examination. Based on the diagnostic findings the dog was diagnosed as a cervical lymph node metastases of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2008

A 65 year-old man with hepatocellulcar carcinoma (HCC) admitted to treat left lower leg swelling and pus discharge suspecting osteomyelitis. MRI of his lower leg revealed the bone metastasis. Whole body FDG PET/CT additionally detected left shoulder and right ilium metastasis. Hematemesis suddenly developed in this patient after 3 weeks. Metastasis of right tonsil was histologically proven. When we reviewed his FDG PET/CT, there was asymmetric mild hypermetabolism in the right tonsil. When focal hypermetabolism is shown in the organ physiologically taking glucose up such as tonsil, we should cautiously assess whole body PET/CT in the examination of distant metastasis. We present a patient with multiple distant metastasis including tonsil from HCC showing increased FDG uptake with the literature review.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1999

For many years it has been reported that seemingly benign neck cysts may contain carcinoma. Cystic metastases have often mistaken for either branchial cleft cysts or benign mass. Authors experienced two cases which presents cystic cervical metastatic cancer One was a tonsillar carcinoma and the other was a tongue carcinoma. Patients with a cystic squamous carcinoma in the neck likely have a primary in upper aero-digestive system and It is known that the tonsil is most common site. Radiologic examination and fine needle aspiration biopsy of the cyst proved to be non-diagnostic. The development of cervical lymph node metastases before clinical signs of carcinoma of the tonsil is also well recognized. So, in old patients, thorough head If neck examination, panendoscopy and ipsilateral tonsillectomy is mandatory to identify a primary carcinoma prior to cyst excision.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1995

The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap represents a major contribution to head and neck cancer reconstruction. Its advantages are improved viability, one-stage reconstruction, and carotid protection. The oropharyngeal defect especially tonsillar area reveals valley shaped one with loss of a wide mucosal area. Using pectoralis major myocutaneous flap to this defect is sometimes difficult due to its natural figure of bulkiness. This article reviews our experience with patients undergoing 14 pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in carcinoma of the tonsillar area. Complications and their incidences were I total loss, 3 marginal loss, 2 minor seperation of suture, I wound infection and 2 hematoma. Most of the complications did not require a second procedure for reconstruction. Bulkiness of the flap and gravity force to the upper suture line were thought to be causes of the complications. Modification of the flap design with bilobular figure was useful to reduce its bulkiness at the folding area. More stable suture around hard palate was needed to overcome seperation of the suture.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1985.11a
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• pp.14.1-14.1
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• 1985