• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.301-316
• /
• 1999

The flora of the Hallyo-Haesang National Park were surveyed from May to September, 1998. The flora of this park were listed as 117 families, 296 genus, 373 species, 53 varieties, 7 forms and 3 hybrid in the Namhae, 73 families, 129 genus, 153 species, 16 varieties and 2 forms in Karasan(Mountain), 97 families, 280 genus, 475 species, 53 varieties, 5 forms and 1 hybrid in the Tongyong. Construction of road, recreational facilities and ornamental farms were considered as the major causes of destruction of vegetation conservational measures must be applied urgently to conserve the distinct vegetation and flora of this areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
• /
• 1999.04a
• /
• pp.120-123
• /
• 1999

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 1999

This paper describes to analyze the underwater ambient noise and biological noise of cultivating fishes in the fish farm cages at the seawater Tongyong-kun, KyongNam and lake of Chungju, Chech'on, ChungBuk from 10 to 19 Oct. 1997, in order to find out the characteristics of these noises. The results obtained were as follows; (1) The ambient noise around the fish farm cages at lake of Chungju was 10~200Hz frequency range, 70~105dB spectrum level. The central frequency was 50~70Hz, changing of ambient noise was getting bigger than 10~200Hz in 200Hz~2kKz frequency by wind, water current. (2) The frequency of noise source around the fish farm cage at the seawater of Tongyong-kun was 20~200Hz, spectrum level was 80~100dB while feed factory was working around the fish farm cage. When feed factory did not work, noise source was 10~600Hz frequency range, 70~90dB spectrum level. It was 10dB less than that of while feed factory was working, and then the central frequency was 70Hz. (3) The vessel noise of excursion ship had changed largely at 100dB spectrum level in 10~500Hz frequency band, and the fishing boat had 20Hz~2kHz frequency range. (4) The biological noise in the fish farm cage at lake of Chungju, which was feeding of Cyprinus carpio, 2was 10~30Hz frequency, 70~104dB spectrum level. The central frequency was 75Hz. The biological noises in the fish farm cage at the seawater of Tongyong-kun, which were feeding and swimming noise, had very different spectrum pattern by species, and the frequency band was 10~800Hz.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 1971

The origin of the Tsushima Current water was investigated with a discussion on the western North Pacific Central Water. The Tsushima Current water is formed by the mixing of the Kuroshio surface water and the East China Sea water. The area where the mixing takes place remarkably is found to be the marginal region of the continental shelf of the East China Sea at the depth from 100 to 200 meters.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.106-109
• /
• 2004

In-situ observational works had been done for the investigation of Cochlodinium polykrikoides cell distributions and abundances off the coast of Busan, Jinhae Bay, and Namhae to Tongyong area in the early June, 2004. The surface water of 11 was concentrated by passing through ${\Phi}$ 10 $\mu\textrm{m}$ mesh and cellular morphological characteristics of the species in the sample was observed under light microscope equipped with digital camera on the vessel. C. polykrikoides cells showed highest cell numbers ranging from 60 to 660 cells/1 at Jinhae Bay. Cell counts at offshore area of Busan ranged from 45 to 330 cells/1. However, no cell was found in the water between Namhae and Tongyong. C. polykrikoides found during the cruise had a large bright red and round cellular materials in one cell and two-celled chain of C. polykrikoides. The red material decreased as C. polykrikoides formed long chains through cell divisions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.312-315
• /
• 2002

Impact of artificial illumination on zooplankton dynamics has been studied in Tongyong marine ranch during the period from August 1998 to August 1999. Monthly sampling has been carried out to collect zooplankters from both natural waters and artificially illuminated waters at night. A total of 48 taxa of zooplankton occurred during the study. Copepods showed the prosperity in species number with 21 species. Every sample from illuminated waters consisted of move than 15 species except February while less than 15 species in samples from natural waters during the winter. Benthic amphipods occurred abundantly in illuminated waters. Zooplankton abundance was revealed to be increased in illuminated waters mainly due to the gathering of amphipods (4,500 indiv. $m^{-3})$ in September and October. Twenty times of zooplankton abundance was recorded in illuminated waters when compared with that in natural ones in September due to the gathering: of amphipods and ten times by the explosion of N. scintillans in August 1999. However, no distinct difference in the abundance was observed between two waters in the winter. Zooplankton gathering with artificial illumination seemed to be effective in amphipods, while copepods were hardly affected by the artificial illumination at night.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 2010

The total oil proportion of bay scallop by areas during the growing period was the highest (2.8%) at Tongyong in August, then it decreased to 1.88% in September and 0.62% in October, and it was the lowest (0.22%) in November. The total oil proportion of phytoplankton by areas was the highest at Tongyong, where it was decreased from 5.02% in August and 3.29% in September to 2.48% in October and 1.66% in November. For the composition of fatty acid of bay scallop by areas and seasons during the growing period, the major composition was 16:0 and 18:0 as saturated fatty acid, and 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 20:1n-9, ARA (20:4n-6), EPA (20:5n-3), DHA (22:6n-3) as monoenic acid. TMTD (4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acid) was detected in a little amount as special fatty acid. For the composition of fatty acid of prey by areas during the growing period of bay scallop from August to November 1998, n-3HUFA, Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, in August was 47.11% at Namhae in slowest growth, while it was distinctively low with 34.26% at Tongyong and 14.06% at Nammeon.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 1976

The water movements in the south sea of Korea are deduced from the distributions of water properties. In summer the flow path of the Tsushima Current is deflected off from the Korean coast; between the coast and the current there exist eddies. Cyclonic eddies are particularly dominant in the southeastern area of Sorido Is. In winter, the sunken coastal water flows out along the bottom toward the southeast, and compensation is made at the surface by the coastward intrusion of off-shore waters. The so-called coastal counter- current of the area seems to be a cyclonic eddy which prevails in summer and autumn.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 1973

From available data, the movement of the cold water in the Korea Strait was investigated. The cold water forms an undercurrent with a speed of 0.10knots near Ulgi in June. Sometimes it reaches a speed of 0.35knots. The cold water forms a sharp wdege in the western channel like a salt wedge in an estuary. The calculated volume transport of the cold water is 17,135 cubic meters per second in June. The external influences are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.794-803
• /
• 1997

Long line suspended culture of oysters has been started commercially in Hansan-Koje Bay since 1969. However, its Annual production has been decreased and culturing periods extended in recent years. So, we investigated environmental parameters and food organisms to identity the causes of poor fatness of oysters in Hansan-Koje Bay from February to November, 1994. As the result, the Water quality of Hansan-Koje Bay was found to be good for culture. For example, the mean concentration of COD was $1.35mg/\ell$, phosphate phosphorus was $0.30{\mu}g-at/\ell$ and dissolved inorganic nitrogen was $4.68{\mu}g-at/\ell$. However, the Hwado island and the inner part of the Hansan-Koje Bay were found to be eutrophicated due to various contaminants transported by land-based activities. But in the central pan of the Hansan-Koje Bay where the oyster farms Have been developed densely, the level of nutrient concentration was very low. During the study period, the dominant species of phytoplankton was Chaetoceros spp. with the percentage of $72.6\%\~87.8\%$ and the mean values of Chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton standing crops were $2.05mg/m^3\;and\;188ind./m\ell$, respectively. The distribution of these parameters also showed similar trends those of nutrients. Especially, chlorophyll-a contents was very low with the concentration of below $0.5mg/m^3$ at central part of the Bay, Juklimpo. The fatness of oysters and the eutrophic index in this area were $18.1\%$ and 0.54, respectively. These values were lower than those of other culturing farms in the southern coastal areas in Korea. Therefore, we estimated that the insufficient food supply due to the low level of nutritional status was the major factors affecting the poor fatness of the Pacific oysters in Hansan-Koje Bay.