• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.248-252
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• 2000

The subject was a 70-year-old man who was suffering from productive cough after stroke. His symptoms were night cough, thick sputum production, reddened tongue and night sweat. The subject was diagnosed as having a deficiency of Yin, and was treated with Chungsangboha-tang(Qingshangbuxia-tang). A decrease in the severity of the subject's cough and sputum were observed, and $O_2$ saturation increased. In this case Chungsangboha-tang(Qingshangbuxia-tang) was effective on the patient with night cough, thick sputum production, reddened tongue and night sweat due to deficiency of Yin after stroke.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2006

Repetitive nerve stimulation is a simple and widely used technique to demonstrate neuromuscular transmission defect. A significant decremental response for repetitive hypoglossal nerve stimulation was obtained from the surface recordings in the tongue of a patient with dysarthria and dysphagia. Repetitive hypoglossal nerve stimulation test may be useful in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis with bulbar symptoms only. We utilized repetitive hypoglossal nerve stimulation with tongue recordings and diagnosed a case of myasthenia gravis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2006

Symptoms of Psychosomatic disease are various. Mamok(麻木), one of that symptoms, is a kind of sensory disorder and similar to numbness but more complicated. In this report, we described two men diagnosed as psychosomatic disease and undifferentiated somatoform disorder. One complained Mamok of his tongue and the other complained it of his right arm and leg. And both of their symptoms were disappeared quickly after treated by Hwa-acupuncture.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

Backgrounds: Kennedy disease is a X-linked recessive disease characterized by bulbar symptoms, proximal muscle weakness, and gynecomastia. Methods: We analyzed clinical symptoms and performed electrodiagnostic studies on 6 patients. Results: We found following features: 1) proximal muscle weakness 2) bulbar symptoms, as dysarthria, facial and tongue atrophy 3) hyporeflexia or areflexia 4) fasciculations, predominantly on face, and proximal upper extremities 5) decreased sensory nerve action potentials(SNAPs) 6) chronic neurogenic changes in needle EMG. Conclusions: Kennedy disease is characterized by degenerative process of anterior horn cell and dorsal root ganglion without upper motor neuron dysfunction. Increased triple nucleotide CAG repeats(>38) in androgen receptor gene of Xp21 will confirm early stage of this disease.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.387-401
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the emotional state related to dental fear, hospital anxiety and depresison, and frequency of stress symproms of orofacial region. For this study, Dnetal Fear Surfey(DFS) scale, the Hospital ANxiety and Depression(HAD) scale, and Stress Symptom Questionnaire(SSQ) designed by the author were used in 549 dental outpatients. Dental Fear Survey scale is composed of avoidance of dentistry(AVOI), physiologic response scale(PRS) and dental stimulus response scale(DSRS). The Hospital anxiety and Depresiosn scale is composed of hospital anxiety(HA) and hospital depressoin (HD). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS program and the results were as follows : 1. The item of the highest positive response rate in DFS scale was 'feeling drill'(82.0%), and in the HAD scale was ' feel as if I am slowed down'(84.1%). 2. Mean score of AVOI, PRS, DSRS and HD were higher in the older group(>25yr) than the yoiunger group(<25yr) and female patients showed higher score of DSRS, HA than male patients. 3. Mean number of items of stress symptoms in extraoral region were 3.4, and in intraoral region, were 4.7. Tongue wymptoms were increased in the older toup and female patients had more stress symptoms than male patients. 4. Correlation between DFS scale and HAD scale were significantly positive and these scales were also apositively correlated with tongue symptoms. 5. As for treatment types, the patients treated in the department of periodontics,conservative dentistry, and oral surgery showed higher score of DFS scale than the patients with temporomandibular disorders or treatedin the department of orthodontics.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.458-463
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• 1994

A thirty two year-old male was referred with a chief complaint of mouth opening limitation, and maxillofacial pain including left TMJ area. The patient had been treated in a private clinic with medications and conservative treatments, without any improvements in symptoms. MRI findings showed a limitations in condylar head movements, and signs of disc adhesion without the Positional change. Panoramic views showed elongation of stylohyoid process. Brain C-T was taken due to the patient's complaint of headache, facial pain, and paresthesia of tongue, and the result showed no abnormalities. The first surgery included meniscoplasty and the removal of disc adhesion of left TMJ under the preliminary diagnosis of internal derangement with adhesion, and the patient displayed marked improvements in opening movements despite of persistent hemiparesthesia of left facial areas and tongue, and mild dysphasia. Therefore, the second surgery was carried out with the preliminary diagnosis of Eagle's Syndrome, and a resolution of neurologic symptoms was obtained. The final diagnosis of this case was Eagle's Syndrome with internal derangement, and the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment might be due to the existence of two separate diseases with similar symptoms.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-202
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the tongue coating pattern in the elderly patients with xerostomia. Methods Ninety-six elderly patients with xerostomia were recruited by advertisement and they visited the oral diseases clinics at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from November, 2011 to August, 2013. After signifying the assent, the subjects who passed screening were enrolled this study. The subjects were evaluated on their clinical characteristics of xerostomia using visual analogue scale for xerostomia, dry mouth questionnaire, unstimulated salivary flow rate. In addition, Yin-deficiency questionnaire was used to evaluate the Yin-deficiency state and Winkel tongue coating index and Digital Tongue imagin system were used to measure the tongue coating of patients. Results The proportion of women was higher than that of men, and there were few smokers in this study population. This population had chronic and relatively severe xerostomia symptoms. Also, thin coating pattern was showed in this elderly patients with xerostomia and this result was regarded to the influence of Yin-deficiency. The thin coating patten was observed in the group with higher Yin-deficiency score. There was no difference in tongue coating between the hyposalivation and normosalivation group. Conclusion In the elderly patients with xerostomia, Yin-deficiency is might be considered as one of the main cause of xerostomia. Hence, it is thought that this patients showed the thin coating pattern. This results could be used in diagnosis and treatment for the elderly patients with xerostomia in traditional Korean medicine.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the cephalometric variables which are significantly correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in suspected Korean obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods We examined lateral cephalogram and attended-full night laboratory polysomnography of the 40 participants who complained of OSA symptoms. The correlation analysis was conducted to find the cephalometric variables which are significantly correlated with the AHI. Results The correlation analysis showed that the higher AHI was associated with the longer distance between hyoid and mandibular plane (p = 0.023), the longer distance between C3 and hyoid (p = 0.014), the longer tongue length (p = 0.003), the larger inferior tongue area (p = 0.008), the larger anterior displacement of the hyoid bone (p = 0.024), the longer distance between posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate (p = 0.021), and the larger cross-sectional area of soft palate (p = 0.001) of cephalogram in erect position. The higher AHI was correlated with the longer distance between hyoid and mandibular plane (p = 0.008), the longer tongue length (p = 0.037), the larger inferior tongue area (p = 0.013), the thicker uvula (p = 0.004), the longer distance between retrognathion and hyoid (p = 0.025), and larger cross-sectional area of soft palate (p = 0.001) of cephalogram in supine position. Conclusions The present preliminary results showed the candidate measurements of cephalogram which are significantly correlated with the AHI in suspected OSA.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-110
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• 2014

Objectives This study intends to present the writing of standardized medical records based on Korean medicine on the basis of the Sanghanron symptoms. Methods 1. Excluding the sentences unrelated to the Sanghanron symptoms, the symptoms in the rest of sentences were extracted. 2. Classifying the extracted symptoms as per the review of system, the similar symptoms were integrated. 3. Calculating the frequencies of each symptom, each strain rate was calculated. Results & Conclusion: 1. Resulting from the analysis on 378 sentences in Sanghanron, a total of 1566 different symptoms were extracted. 2. As results out of total, the symptom related to the temperature sensation accounted for 17.9%, that related to sweat did 6.5%, that related to pulse did 12.4%, that related to eye and nose and mouth and tongue and throat as well as thirst did 7.7%, that related to stool did 11.6%, that related to urination and urinary organs did 4.9%, that related to language and mind and sleep and agitation as well as heart did 10.0%, and that related to vomiting and abdomen as well as digestive organs did 15.4%. 3. There were found many symptoms were described in accordance with the severity of basic expressions. For examples, in case of fever, there were mild fever and high fever, and in case of sweat, there were profuse sweating and slightly sweating. 4. To create the medical records for cold damage disease, it may necessary to consider the factors to be recorded as per each symptom and write the detail of each symptom.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.838-847
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) due to hyposalivation (HS). Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 39 BMS patients who visited the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyunghee Korean Medicine Hospital from March 1st, 2020 to July 31st, 2020. The subjects were classified according to the presence or absence of hyposalivation and both groups were compared for the proportion of coated tongue, heart rate variability (HRV), Ryodoraku, and the numeral rating scale (NRS) score of tongue pain results. Results: The BMS with Hyposalivation (HS group) and the BMS without Hyposalivation (Non-HS group) showed a significant difference in the proportion of coated tongue and the NRS score for tongue pain. The NRS score was significantly higher in the Non-HS group and the proportion of coated tongue was lower. However, no significant differences were noted in several HRV parameters between the two groups. The most frequent accompanying symptoms were xerostomia and dyspepsia. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that hyposalivation might be one of the main causes of tongue pain, the key complaint in BMS patients. Sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance might not be a main contribution of hyposalivation in BMS. Instead, factors such as the number of medications taken seem to correlate with hyposalivation in BMS. This results could be useful in the management of BMS patients with hyposalivation in clinical practice.