• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 1982

The binders introduced in Korea were originally designed to be used for Japonica-type varieties which have relatively long stem and are highly resistant to shattering. In order to use it for Tongil varieties which are short and easy to be shattered, mechanical modifications are necessary to reduce a grain loss incurred during binder operation. This study was intended to investigate analytically and experimentally the major sources of grain losses caused by three kinds of binders now introduced in Korea. Actual modification for each of three binders was done and experimentally compared to see if any improvement on grain loss was achieved. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows; 1. It was required that the power transmission of binder should have a shifting mechanism so that velocities of pick-up and traveling units could be changed independently as desired according to the Japonica-type and Tongil varieties. In other words, the desired velocity of traveling unit should be obtained by shifting the transmission and the velocity of pick-up unit should be selected by reaping clutch according to the variety independent of the velocity of traveling unit as shown in Fig. 6. 2. To reduce grain loss it was desired that the moving parts of the pick-up unit should have the lowest possible velocities in harvesting Tongil varieties, unless the reduction of the speed be hindered the conveyance of the material. Based on the study, it was concluded that the velocities of pick-up unit be reduced by about 35% of those of the existing units. 3. It was found that the lug at the upper rotating section of pick-up case gave a severe impact on the ears of rice to increase grain loss. The optimum design of pick-up case to protect the ears from the protruding part of the lug was recommended by the result of analysis of the trajectory of the end-point of lug at the position. 4. It was proved analytically and experimentally that pick-up unit at the lower-rotating part was the other important source of grain loss in pick-up and divider assembly. In order to reduce a grain loss incurred by lugs at their lower-rotating section, it was suggested to improve it by (1) widening the space between right and left lower-rotating section, (2) shortening the length of lugs, (3) enlargement of the angle between the pick-up case and ground-level, and (4) attaching guard to right and left dividers so that the rotating lug could not give a high impact to the paddy hill. 5. Pick-up and divider assembly of the original binder of three models studied was modified according to the suggestions that were given by the preliminary study. Field test showed that the modified binders were able to reduce grain losses by about 0.4-0.7 percentage points compared to those without modification.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.431-435
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• 1985

우리나라 수도 품종을 배경으로 한 세포질적 유전적 웅성불임계통들에 우리나라 품종의 임성회복친을 교잡시킨 HR1619A/남풍벼, HR1619A/가야벼, HR1619A/계통234, 통일A/남풍벼, 통일A/청청벼, 수원296A/계통209, 수원296A/계통237, 수원296A/계통252 및 계통201A/계통234 등 9개 Hybrid를 육성하고 이들의 수량 및 수량 구성요소, 흰빛잎마름병 저항성 및 미질을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1 공시된 9개 Hybrid들 중 계통201A/계통234, 통일A/남풍벼 및 HR 1619A/남풍벼 등 3개 Hybrid의 수량성이 높았는데 각각 우수친에 비해 36％, 17％ 및 10％의 증수(Heterobeltiosis)를, 표준품종인 청청벼에 비해 각각 19％, 17％ 및 14％의 증수(Standard Heterosis)를 보였다. 2. 공시된 Hybrid중 HR1619A/가야벼와 수원296A/계통237의 수량은 양친보다 낮았다. 3. 수량구성요소 중 수당입수의 잡종강세가 현저하였고 주당수수, 천립중 및 임실율의 잡종강세는 인정되지 않았다. 4. Hybrid의 흰빛잎마름병 저항성은 양친 중 강한친과 같은 반응을 보였다. 5. Hybrid들의 Amylose 함량은 20.8％∼24.7%였고 딘백질함량은 9.3％∼10.0％, 알칼리 붕괴도는 3.7∼7.0으로서 각각 양친품종과 비슷하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1979

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 수도(水稻)의 파종(播種) 및 이앙기(移秧期)를 달리하고 시비량(施肥量)에 차이(差異)있는 조건(條件)에서 Japonica계(系) 품종(品種)과 통일계품종(統一系品種)을 대상(對象)으로 생육시기별(生育時期別) 수도체(水稻體)의 형성(形成)과 영양상태(營養狀態)를 주요성분(主要成分)의 화학분석(化學分析)을 통(通)하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하고 소요(所要) 삼요소량(三要素量)을 추정(推定)하며 이들과 수도(水稻)의 수량(收量)및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)와의 관계(關係)를 해명(解明)하여 안정(安定)된 증수(增收)를 위한 시비기술(施肥技術)의 기초적자료(基礎的資料)를 확립(確立)하고저 설계(設計)되었으며 그의 일부(一部)로서 수량(收量) 및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)에 미치는 영향에 대하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 보고(報告)한다. 1. 간장(稈長)은 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 커지는 경향(傾向)이었으며 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 보통시비구(普通施肥區)와 다량시비구간(多量施肥區間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 2. 수장(穗長)은 무비구(無肥區)에 비(比)하여 보비(普肥)및 다비구(多肥區)가 높았으나 그 경향(傾向)은 현저(顯著)하지는 않았다. 3. 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 수수(穗數)도 증가(增加)하였으며 Japonica형(型) 품종(品種)이 통일계(統一系)의 것보다 큰 반응(反應)을 보였다. 4, 수당입수(穗當粒數)는 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 무비(無肥)에 비(比)하여 보비(普肥)및 다비구(多肥區)에서 현저(顯著)히 높았으며 Japonica형(型) 품종(品種)에서는 그 변이폭(變異幅)이 좁았다. 5. 1,000입중(粒重)은 적기이앙(適期移秧)에서는 시비수준간(施肥水準間)에 유의성(有意性)이 없었으나 만기이앙(晩期移秧)의 경우에는 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이 있다. 6. 등숙율(登熟率)은 적기이앙(適期移秧)에서는 질소수준간(窒素水準間), 품종간(品種間)의 어느 경우에도 유의성(有意性)이 없었으나 만기이앙(晩期移秧)에서는 질소수준간(窒素水準間) 및 품종간(品種間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 7. 수량(收量)에 대하여는 질소(窒素)의 수준간(水準間), 품종간(品種間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 보였으며 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 다비구(多肥區)보다 보비구(普肥區)에서 더 높은 수량(收量)을 보였다. 8. 고중(藁重)은 질소수준(窒素水準)이 높아짐에 따라 커지는 경향(傾向)을 보여 통일계품종(統一系品種)에서는 보비구(普肥區)와 다비구간(多肥區間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1977

수도(水稻) 신품종(新品種) 유신(維新), 밀양(密陽)23호(號)들의 질소반응(窒素反應), 수량(收量) 제한요인(制限要因) 등숙기절엽(登熟期切葉)의 영향등(影響等)을 5개(個) 질소수준하(窒素水准下)에서 검토(檢討)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 밀양(密陽)23호(號)는 통일(統一)과 같이 내비성(耐肥性)이 컸으며 등숙(登熟)이 양호(良好)하여 입수(粒數)가 수량(收量)을 제한(制限)하나 유신(維新)은 내비성(耐肥性)과 최적엽면적(最適葉面積)이 크지 못하고 다비조건하(多肥條件下)에서는 동화기관(同化器官)에 비(比)하여 수용기관(受容器官)이 과다(過多)하여 등숙(登熟)이 불량(不良)한 것으로 보였다. 2. 유신(維新)과 밀양(密陽) 15호(號)는 다비하(多肥下)에서 하위절간(下位節間) 및 엽신(葉身)이 과도(過度) 신장(伸長)하여 도복(倒伏) 및 투광면(透光面)에서도 불리(不利)한 것으로 보였다. 3. 등숙기(登熟期) 절엽(切葉)의 영향(影響)은 등숙초기(登熟初期) 및 다비조건하(多肥條件下)일수록 크고 밀양(密陽) 15호(號)보다 통일(統一)이 비교적(比較的) 큰 것으로 보였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1984

This study was intended to analyze the dynamic force system which induced the shattering of paddy grains. A model to predict the shattering of paddy grains was developed, and physical quantities, such as mass distribution and rigidity of rice plant, needed for evaluating the minimum shattering forces were also measured. Under the assumption that rice plant right before harvesting is a vibratory system, the mathematical model of the vibratory system was developed and solved with the varied conditions of forcing functions. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1. The shattering of grain occurred at the abscission layer of grain by the bending moments resulted from the impact force due to the collision of panicles of rice plant. 2. The vibratory model developed for milyang 23 rice variety was analyzed to give the natural frequencies of 7-9 Hz, which were closely related with the excitation frequencies of 4-10 Hz caused by various machine parts besides engine. Thus, avoiding the resonance should be taken into consideration in the design of the harvesting machinery. 3. It was analyzed to predict the lowest frequency that could develop the shattering when the excitation force was applied to the lower end of stem. The lowest frequency for the Milyang 23 rice variety ranged from 8.33 Hz to 11.66 Hz as the amplitude varied from 1 cm to 2.5 cm. 4. The degree of shattering depended upon the magnitude of the impact force and its application point. For Milyang 23 rice variety, the minimum impact force developing the shattering was $5g_f$ when it was applied at 1 cm above the lower end of stern and $1g_f$ when applied at 5 cm above the lower end of stem. 5. The minimum colliding velocity of the panicle, when it was on the ground that would just develop the shattering, was given as follows, $$V=\sqrt{\frac{K_t}{m_g}{\cdot}{{\phi}^2}}$$ where V : The colliding velocity of the panicle against ground to cause the shatteering of rice grain. (cm/sec) $K_t$ : The minimum spring constant for bending at the abscission layer of grain. (dyne-cm/rad) ${\phi}$ : The minimum shattering angle of grain (rad) $m_g$ : The maximum mass of grain. (g).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.88-99
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• 1978

In this study, rice harvesting systems suitable to Korean situations and the optimum timing of these systems were determined, respectively, based on experimentally determined factors such as filed yield and the milling quantity and quality measured at various levels of the grain moisture content at harvest. Rice varieties used for the experiment were the AKIBARE (Japonica-type) and the SUWEON 251 (high yielding TONGIL sister-line variety), The harvesting systems studied by the experimental work of this study were traditional system with both the wet material and dry-material threshing system by use of binder with both the dry-material and wet-material threshings, and system by use of combine. Grain samples were taken from final products of the paddy rice harvested from the experiment a fields for each system to measure the recovery rates of the milled rice. The results may be summarized as follows; 1. The milling recovery rate of the AKIBARE variety had highest value within the range of the grain moisture at harvest, showing from 21 to 26 percent. The head-rice recovery for the same variety was a little greater in the wet-material threshing than in the dry-material threshing , higher values of which , were 20 to 25 percent , seen within the range of grain moisture at harvest regardless of the harvesting systems tested. 2. The milling recovery of the SUWEON 251 , when tested for different harvesting systems and harvesting grain moisture, did not show a statistically significant different. In contrast , head-rice recovery for the systems operated by the wet-material threshing was much greater than that by the -material threshing. The difference of the recoveries between these systems range from 2.6 to 4.7 percent. 3. An assessment of the optimum period of -harvest timing for each of the harve\ulcornersting systems tested were made bJ.sed on (a) the maximum total milled-rise yield and (b) the percentage reduction in the total milled-rice yield due to untimely harvest operations. The optimum period determined are: 23-19% for the ATD, AC, STD, SBW, STW systems, 25-21% for the ATW ani ABW systems, and 27-18% for the ABD, SBD, and SC systems, respectively.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-40
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• 1983

우리나라 수도 품종의 시대적 변천에 따른 그들 품종의 생육형질 및 수량구성형질들의 변이를 조사비교하여 앞으로 품종육성 및 재배기술 발전에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 연대별 주요품종을 5개씩 25개 품종을 공시하여 5대 품종군, 즉 ${circled1}$1907년대의 재래품종들을 GI군, ${circled2}$ 1920년대의 도입품종들을 GII군 ${circled3}$ 1930년대에 육성 보급된 품종들을 GIII군, ${circled4}$ 1950년대에 육성 보급된 품종들을 GIV군, ${circled5}$ 1971년 통일품종 육성이후에 육성된 품종들을 GV군으로 구분하여 이앙시기를 5월 15일, 5월 30일, 6월 14일 및 6월 29일의 4회로 하여 시험조사 하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1980

본 시험은 신품종인 유신을 공시하여 실소와 가리의 시비수준을 달리하고 출수후 차광처리를 하여 급성위고현상의 발생을 재현시고, 위고현상의 발생과 식물체내 무기성분의 함양 및 근의 생리적 활역과의 관련성을 명백히 함과 동시에 1976년에 전국적으로 .유신품종에 대발생한 위고현상과 1977년에 전혀 발생이 없었던 기상적인 요인을 비교 검토하여 위고현상의 발생요인을 구명코자 실시하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유신품종은 실소증비에 의해 엽신중당 영화수 (Sink/source)가 현저히 증가하고, 상위절간에 비해 하위절간의 신장률이 뚜렷한 품종적인 특징이 있다. 2. 유신품종은 실업증비에 따라 엽신의 호흡양이 타품종에 비해 현저히 증대하는 특성이 있음을 인정 할 수 있었다. 3. 위고극다비( $N_{30}$, $K_{10)}$ 하에서 근발육과 근의 생리적 활력이 저하했으며, 실소극다비+차광처리에서 더욱 현저한 저하를 보였다. 4. 또한 실고극다비+차광처리는 도체내 엽초와 간내의 K_2 O함량을 저하시키고, 특히 간내 K_2O/N 비 및 탄수화물의 함량을 명백히 저하시켰다. 5. 유신의 위고현상은 실소극다비구에서 경미하게 발생하였고, 실고극다비+차광에서 50 % 처리구에서 격심한 발생을 유발 재현시킬 수 있었다. 6. 본 시험결과로 미루어 1976년에 대발생한 유신의 급성위고현상은 도작기간 일사양이 현저히 부족했던 기상적인 요인이 주요인이며, 농민의 실소과잉시용이 위고현상을 조장하는 부요인으로 해석되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1983

This research is mainly to deal with the effects of submergence treatment on the grain yields of two rice plants, local variety, "Akibare" and Tongil line variety, "Milyang 23". The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. According to the rice products of each plot the grain yield index was smallest in the plot treated at the early heading stage. The index of the next order became smaller in order of late flowering stage, late reduction division stage, milk ripe stage and dough ripe stage etc. The submerged stage at which the damages were smallest was tillering stage. Under the condition of two thirds or one third submerged depth of plant height, few differences in the grain yield index between Milyang 23 and Akibare was found, but except rooting stage, the damages of milyang 23 by whole submergence during growing period were mostly greater than those of Akibare. Especially the grain yield index of early heading stage at which the damages by whole submergence was most serious showed 45 percentage for one day submergence, 31 percentage for 3 days and 0.7 percentage for 7 days in Akibare plots, and 26.7% percentage for one day submergence, 7.9 percentage for 3 days and none for 7 days in Milyang 23 plots. 2. All the factors such as submerged stage, submerged depth and submerged period in this experimental test were highly recognized significance. The factors of the submerged depth and duration influenced on greater damages than the others. According to the difference in grain yield between plots, the larger the submerged depth and duration were, the larger the significant difference appeared. And between the treated levels at other submerged stages except both early tillering stage and most active tillering stage, the significance in the differences in grain yield was recognized, while only the submergence at early heading stage showed the most serious damages. 3. The decreased rate of grain yield for one day submergence at early heading stage indicated that in case of whole submergence of plant height it was 73 percentage in Milyang 23 plot and 55 percentage in Akibare plot, and in the event of two thirds and one third submergences of it, 20 percentage and 10 percentage in both Mulyang 23 and Akibare plots respectively. Therefore, the current criteria for planning project that restricted allowable submergence duration of more than 30cm submerged depth to 24 hours, should be amended not to exceed the submerged depth of 60cm when the duration of more than allowable submerged depth of 30cm will be limited to 24 hours, or within the limits of 12 hour submerged duration for locai variety and of less than 12 hour duration for Tong-illine variety as long as possible in case that submerged depth will be allowed to more than 60cm depth.ore than 60cm depth.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2011

'한강찰 1호'는 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부에서 2006년도에 육성한 중생 복합내병충성 통일형 찰벼 품종으로 그 주요 특성은 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 중부평야지 및 영 호남평야지 보통기 보비재배에서 8월 13일로 신선찰벼 보다 3일 늦은 중생종이다 2. '한강찰 1호'의 주당수수는 10개, 수당립수는 156개의 수중형이고, 등숙비율은 85%, 현미 천립중은 21.2 g이다. 3. 성숙기의 엽노화는 중간 정도이며 못자리일수 50일묘 이앙 시에 불시출수가 없으며 위조에는 강한 편이고, 내냉성 검정에서유모적고는 7, 출수지연 일수는 25일, 냉수구 임실율은 54%였고, 수발아율은 5.7%로 낮은 편이었고, 도복에는 강한 편이다. 4. 잎도열병, 흰잎마름병($K_{1-3}$), 줄무늬잎마름병 및 오갈병에 저항성이고 검은줄오갈병에는 중도저항성이며, 벼멸구에는 감수성이고 애멸구에는 저항성이다. 5. '한강찰 1호'의 도정특성 중 도정수율은 '신선찰벼' 보다 약간 낮은 69.3%, 완전미율은 약간 높은 69.4%였다. 현미 장폭비는 1.90으로 쌀알이 약간 긴단원립이며 단백질 함량은 7.3%이고, 백도는 48.5로 신선찰벼와 비슷하였다. 6. 쌀 수량은 중부평야, 호남 충남평야 및 영남평야지 보통기 보비재배 10개소에서 쌀 수량은 6.04 MT/ha로 대조품종보다 8% 증수된 수량성을 보였다.