• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.9
• /
• pp.691-695
• /
• 2010

A measurement method of the particle-based reflective display is proposed, estimated, and compared with reported method. The reflectivity measurement by previous studies is simply obtained by integrating sphere, but it has a limitation for the estimation of real moving particles because its data include surface reflection and incomplete attachment on electrodes. To get the number of real moving particles, the area by attached particles on the electrodes is calculated at microscopic signals. The moving particles on subthreshold voltage are observed and this fluctuational variation of surface on subthreshold voltage gives a tip to understand the driving mechanism. By this measurement we ascertained the relationship of a particle layer and real driving particles, and the feasibility of observation and estimation for moving color particles, which were measured by the reflectivity and CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage) system of color specification at previous studies.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2010

In this study, suspension polymerized toners were prepared by using poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) as an organic suspending agent. Styrene and butylacrylate monomers were used simultaneously with carbon black to prepare microspherical polymerized toners with a narrow-particle size distribution. Preliminary particles without carbon black were polymerized first to optimize suspension polymerization conditions. The preliminary particles were prepared at various polymerization conditions and their characteristics were compared to each other to determine an optimized polymerization condition. The black polymerized toner prepared at the optimized polymerization condition showed reasonable particle size and shape, and good thermal and printing characteristics by showing its glass transition temperature at $53.6^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.142-142
• /
• 2010

This research proposed an advanced Electronic bead (EB) using MMA (Methy methacrylate) and CCA (Charge Control Agent). In the first, this paper presents about measurement method and characterization analysis of EB and nano-silica with pulse waveform in aging. Furthermore; this work presents the positive and negative EB fabrication procedure. As the experimental results, the proposed EB with square waveform is very attractive to Electronic paper driving characterization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.30-31
• /
• 2009

전하가 다른 두 종류의 토너입자를 ITO 기판에 격벽 높이의 차이를 두어 제작한 패널을 사용하였다. 토너입자를 충전할 때 동일한 격벽 높이의 패널을 사용하는 것과 서로 다른 패널을 사용하여 합착, 2가지 type을 제작하였다. 제작된 패널을 전압별로 구동하고 각 구동전압에서의 광특성을 측정하였다. 셀 내부에 충전되어 있는 입자보다 운동량이 적은, 즉 셀 내부에서도 격벽 표면에 흡착되어 있는 토너입자들이 구동과 광특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 평가하였다.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2005

We have developed a paper-like display using polymer particles charged triboelectrically. By using a toner-type display with a simple structure, we continued that polymer particle movement is controlled by only a voltage difference between scan and data electrode. We fabricated a diagonal 2.4 inch panel on the glass substrate and successfully produced an image by the passive driving method with operating voltages of about ${\pm}$ 120 V. The contrast ratio was 4:1.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.258-267
• /
• 2003

Recently inside nano liposome particles or nano-emulsions which contain tough-melting physiology activity materials or the coefficient of low organism utilization promote the coefficient of organism utilization, so this part has been studied a lot because they can absorb selectly cosmetics, specially physiology activity materials, into the skin. Also, in particle size, cells interstitial lipid interval are 30~50nm, so nano-emulsions that the size is similar to 30~50 nm are made to study for absorbing quickly into the skin. And transparent skin which contains oils in common skin lotion dosage form has become the center of public interest. The used nano-emulsions in this study were unsaturated lecithin/co-surfactant! ethanol/ oil / water. And polysorbate 20/ polysorbate 80/ Dicetyl phosphate/hydrogenated .caster oil/ isoceteth-20/SLS were used in co-surfactant. The used oils were cyclomethicone and caprylic/capric triglyceride. The manufacturing process was that microfluidizer was fixed in 1000bar and transit times were changed from 1 to 10 times. From transparency and particle size, the transparency sequence was SLS> polysorbate 20= polysorbate 80> isoceteth-20> dicetyl phosphate >hydrogenated caster oil and the particle size was small. Specially cyclomethicone nano-emulsions, when we made unsaturated lecithin /SLS /ethanol/water/cyclomethicone, cyclomethicone 5％ was good for transparency. And 20％ of this was used for making transparent skin toner in common skin dosage form.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2013

The experiments have been performed to obtain zinc complex compound with smaller particle sizes, which is used as a charge control agent in manufacturing toner. Metallic salts and polyhydric alcohols have been studied to investigate their effects on the formation and the triboelectric charge of zinc complex-compound particle with different sizes. Reactants such as zinc chloride and 3,5-di-tert.-butyl salicylic acid have been used to form the complex compound. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-300), glycerin and ethylene glycol have been added into the zinc chloride solution beforehand to lower the reaction rate in the formation of zinc complex-compound. Aluminium(III) chloride has been mixed in the zinc chloride solution beforehand to restrain the particle size from growing. When PEG-300 and aluminium(III) chloride are used to lower the reaction rate and to restrain the particle size from growing, the average particle size of zinc complex compound decreases from $5.28{\mu}m$ to $2.33{\mu}m$, which was 44.1% of $5.28{\mu}m$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2012

The experiments have been performed to obtain zinc complex compound with smaller particle size, which is used as a charge control agent in manufacturing toner. Metallic salts and polyhydric alcohols have been studied to investigate their effects on the formation of different sizes of zinc complex-compound particle. Reactants such as zinc chloride and 3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylic acid have been used to form the complex compound. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-300), glycerin and ethylene glycol have been added into the zinc chloride solution beforehand to lower the reaction rate in the formation of zinc complex-compound. Zirconium (IV) oxychloride octahydrate has been mixed in the zinc chloride solution beforehand to restrain crystals from growing. When PEG-300 and zirconium (IV) oxychloride octahydrate are used to lower the reaction rate and to restrain the particle size from growing, the average particle size of zinc complex compound decreases from 5.28 to 1.84 ${\mu}m$, which is 34.9% of 5.28 ${\mu}m$.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2010

Charged micro-particles are widely used as the key components for many electrical applications such as an e-paper, a touch panel, a printer toner and an electronic ink. Among them, the e-paper is an emerging reflective type display using the charged particles that has the advantages of the extremely low power consumption and sunlight readability. To create images on the e-paper, we confine black positively-charged and white negatively-charged particles between bottom and top electrodes and selectively apply the electric field. When the Coulomb force by an applied electric field is greater than the adhesion force between the charged particle and the electrode, the particles' transition happens resulting in the change of color between black and white. Therefore, the adhesion force is a very important factor for designing and estimating e-paper's operation. In this study, we constructed a basic model for particle's transition and an adhesion force equation describing particle's transition with three different forces: electrostatic image force, Van der Waals force and gravitational force. The simulation results showed that the gravitational force is negligible for the interesting range for the charge and the radius, and the adhesion force can be strongly dependent on the particle's charge and radius.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2000

In this study, the new processing method to produce magnetite for mono-component black toner was studied using spray roaster. The produced magnetite is compared with TMB 125 made by Magnox, USA. When the weight ratio of the ferrous chloride and the ferric chloride is varied from 3:7~7:3 under $N_2$ atmosphere, the 100% major phase of magnetite is obtained. However, when the content of he ferrous chloride is higher than 70wt%, the content of FeO is increased. The phase of $\Gamma-Fe_2O_3$ is shown in th range of over 70wt% of the ferric chloride. The magnetite produced by spray roasting has a saturation magnetization of 80~85 emu/g and a coercivity of 110~130 Oe. The shape of the particle is irregular sphere and hte size of the magnetite is the range of $0.3~0.5\mu\textrm{m}$. It is shown that the magnetite made by spary roasting is enough to apply to the magnetic material of toner.