• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.138-142
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• 2003

Soil amendments with oriental herbal medicines such as fruit of Anethum graveolens, flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, rhizome of Cnidium officinale, rhizome of Coptis chinensis, root bark of Paeonia suffructicosa, stem bark of phellodendron amurense, and stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia at the rate of 0.2％ (weight by volume of soil) significantly reduced Meloidogyne incognita infection (root gall formation) of tomato seedlings compared with the control. The most effective treatments were root bark of p. suffructicosa and stem bark of C. cassia as they gave minimum numbers of galls on tomato roots (4.7% and 8.9%, respectively, relative to control) as compared to other treatments. Another study with root bark of p. suffructicosa and C. cassia at different application doses also showed consistent results in reducing gall number. The control efficacy decreased as the application doses were lower-ed, indicating their dose-dependent control activities. These treatments significantly enhanced aboveground plant growths (total masses).

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

Shimizuomyces paradoxus showed no inhibitory effect against plant pathogen fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. The S. paradoxus culture filtrate showed higher seed germination and seedling growth rates in canola than distilled water and potato-dextrose broth. A conidial suspension of $1.0{\times}10^4/mL$ resulted in the highest growth stimulating effects on total plant length, and fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots in cucumber, when compared to the highest suspension concentration. Total plant length and shoot weight increased with the foliar spray treatment, and root length and root weight increased by simultaneous treatments of soil drenching and foliar spray in cucumber. Lower concentrations of the S. paradoxus conidial suspension increased the harvest of tomato fruit.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings exposed to various concentrations of $CdC1_2$ (0∼100 $\mu$M) in the nutrient solution for up to 9 days were analyzed with the seedling growth, $H_2O_2$ production, glutathione levels and activity changes of enzymes related to $H_2O_2$ removal. The growth of seedlings was inhibited with over 50 $\mu$M Cd, whereas the levels of $H_2O_2$ and glutathione were enhanced with Cd exposure level and time. Meanwhile, Cd exposure increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) but decreased the activities of dehydroascorbate acid reductase (DHAR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both leaves and roots. These results suggest that the altered activities of antioxidant enzymes particularly involved in the $H_2O_2$ removal and the subsequent $H_2O$$_2$ accumulation could induce the Cd-induced phytotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.341-349
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• 2004

This study was conducted to compare the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and fruit yield of hydroponically grown cucumber and tomato plants in solid medium culture. Mycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. was collected from plastic film house soils of cucumber and tomato and inoculated to the experimental crops at the time of seeding and transplanting. Root infection of cucumber and tomato plants by AMF was more significantly increased when the AMF was inoculated at seeding stage than at transplanting stage. In the infected roots of cucumber and tomato, mycorrhizal hyphae was easily observed but vesicle and arbuscule were rare. Overall plant growth was increased with AMF inoculation and the growth was higher when AMF was inoculated at seeding stage. Fresh weight of each fruit of cucumber and tomato and sugar content in tomato fruits were significantly increased with AMF inoculation at seeding stage. The AMF inoculation also increased fruit yields of cucumber and tomato.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2001

$H^+-ATPase$ located on plasma and vacuolar membranes play major roles in various cellular physiological processes. In order to investigate the physiological roles of $H^+-ATPase$, microsomes were prepared from tomato roots and the effects of various anions were measured on the activities of $H^+-ATPase$. $H^+-ATPase$ was inhibited by various anions. Citrate and phosphate were chosen to investigate detailed inhibitory mechanisms on $H^+-ATPase$ since they showed different levels of inhibition. Inhibitory effect of citrate was observed at the concentrations above 3 mM. When 20 mM citrate was added, the ATPase activity was decreased by 50-60%. However, the inhibitory effect of citrate was decreased by increasing the concentration of$Mg^{2+}$ The citrate-induced inhibited activity was recovered by the addition of $Mg^{2+}$ Addition of 7 mM $Mg^{2+}$ completely removed the inhibitory effect of citrate and the activity recovered to the level of the control experiment. These results imply that citrate chelates $Mg^{2+}$ and thus inhibits $H^+-ATPase$. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of phosphate was observed at the concentration above 3 mM and the activity was decreased by 50% in the presence of 30 mM phosphate. Further addition of $Mg^{2+}$ showed no recovery on the activity. These results imply that the inhibitory effect of phosphate is not dependent upon the concentration of $Mg^{2+}$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 1999

In order to characterize the effects of heavy metal ions on the microsomal ATPase activities, microsomes were prepared from the roots of tomato plant and the activity of microsomal ATPase was measured by an enzyme-coupled assay. $Hg^{2+}$ inhibited the activity of microsomal ATPase in a dose-dependent manner, while $Gd^{3+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $La^{3+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$ inhibited not only the ATPase activity but also the activities of enzymes used in the assay. However, $Cs^+$ and $Ba^{2+}$ showed no significant effect. $Hg^{2+}$ inhibited the activities of both plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane $H^+-ATPases$. In the dose-response to $Hg^{2+}$, the activities of both microsomal $H^+-ATPases$ were severely inhibited at the concentration of $Hg^{2+}$ above $10\;{\mu}M$ and were completely inhibited at 1 mM $Hg^{2+}$. Apparent Ki values of $Hg^{2+}$ on the inhibitions of plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane $H^+-ATPases$ were $80\;{\mu}M$ and $58\;{\mu}M$, respectively. The $Hg^{2+}$-induced inhibitions were reversible since the addition of dithiothreitol completely reversed the inhibitory effects of $Hg^{2+}$. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of $Hg^{2+}$ on both plasma, membrane and vacuolar membrane $H^+-ATPases$ are nonselective and reversible.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

To investigate the effect of red light (R) and far-red light(FR) on controlling the growth of tomato transplants, height, length of 1st internode, and stem diameter of plant were measured every 12 days during 24 days of light treatment. At the end of experiment, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots were measured. Generally, it was shown that the height of plant was suppressed by the treatment of FR. However, the effect of light-treatment time (10 or 20 min) on plant height was not significant. Stem diameter of the plant treated with R was greater than that of the plant treated with FR or the control. Dry weight ratio of shoot to root of the plant treated with R was smaller that of the plant treated with FR. R was more effective than the control, which was more effective than FR, in making the transplant compact.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2009

The roots of grapevine in the field in which the crown gall was occurred severely in Chungbuk province were collected and Agrobacterium spp. were isolated from the roots using the selective media. The selected 13 isolates were identified as A. tumefaciens with fatty acid analysis using MIDI system, nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA, biochemical characteristics, and PCR with the species-specific primers. A. vitis, a pathogen of crown gall disease of grapevine was not isolated from the roots. All of the isolates did not show pathogenicity on the tomato seedlings and the stem and root of grapevine. Eric-PCR showed that DNA band patterns of the root isolates were a little more similar to A. tumefaciens than A. vitis. However, overall similarity between the root isolates and the pathogenic strains of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis was low by rep-PCR. These results suggest that a pathogen causing crown gall in grapevine in Chungbuk province may transmitted through the seedlings rather than via soil or roots.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2009

The appropriate dripper position in perlite bag was investigated for tomato production. Drippers were laid at 5(F5), 15cm (F15) away from the stem base or 5cm at first and then moved to 15cm later (M5-15). Roots were developed more near the stem base in F5, while less in F15. Roots were distributed evenly in M5-15. In vertical distribution of water in perlite bag, water content was higher as it went deeper with the variation by dripper positions. Yield was high in F15 and low in F5. In conclusion the position of dripper is the best at 15cm from the stem base in perlite bag culture in view of root distribution and yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.95.2-96
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• 2003

In order to develop a new microbial fungicide for the control of vegetable diseases using endophytic bacteria, a total of 260 bacterial strains were isolated from fresh tissues of 5 plant species. After they were cultured in broth media, their antifungal activities were screened by in vivo bioassays against Botrytis cinerea(tomato gray mold), Pythium ultimum(cucumber damping-off), Phytopkhora infestans(tomato late blight), Colletotrichum orbiculare(cucumber anthracnose), and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei(barley powdery mildew). As the results of screening, 38 bacterial strains showed potent antifungal activities against at least one of 5 plant pathogens. A bacterial strain EB072 displayed potent disease control activities against 3 plant diseases. Among the bacterial strains with a potent antifungal activity against cucunlber anthracnose, three bacterial strains, EB054, EB151 and EB215, also displayed a potent in vitro antifungal activity against C. acutatum, a fungal agent causing pepper anthracnose. A bacterial strain EB215 obtained from roots of cucumber was identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics and 165 rRNA gene sequence. An antifungal substance was isolated from the liquid cultures of B. cepacia EB215 strain by ethyl acetate partitioning, repeated silica gel column chromatography, and invitro bioassay, Its structural determination is in progress by various instrumental analyses.