• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.244-244
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• 2017

Soil salinity due to accumulation of salts particularly sodium chloride affects agricultural lands and their vegetation. Generally, rice is a moderately sensitive plant with some cultivars with varying tolerance to salinity. Though there are physiological differences between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars, both are still affected especially during high salinity and prolonged exposure. This also ultimately affects their indigenous bacterial endophytes particularly those that inhabit the rice seed endosphere. This study investigates the dynamic structure of seed bacterial endophytes of salt-sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars grown in different levels of soil salinity. Endophytic bacterial diversity was studied Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Results revealed a very interesting pattern of diversity and shifts in community structure of bacterial endophytes in the rice seeds. There is a general decrease in diversity for the salt-sensitive rice cultivar, IR29 as soil salinity increases. For the salt-tolerant cultivars, IC32 and IC37, diversity interestingly increased at moderate salinity then decreased at high soil salinity. The patterns of community structure is also strikingly different for the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. IR29 has a more even distribution of abundance, but under soil salinity, the community shifted where Curtobacterium, Pantoea, Flavobacterium and Microbacterium become the more dominant bacterial communities. For IC32 and IC37, the dominant bacterial groups under normal stress conditions were also the dominant bacterial groups during salt stress conditions. Their seed bacterial community is dominated by endophytes belonging to Microbacterium, Flavobacterium, Pantoea, Kosakonia and Enterobacter. Stenotrophomonas and Xanthomonas have not changed in terms of abundance under different salinity stress level in the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. This study showed that soil salinity greatly influenced the seed bacterial communities of rice seeds irrespective of their physiological tolerance to salinity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2004

With attention to different human activities around Anzali wetland and introduction of different pollutants containing heavy metals into this water ecosystem and absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in shell and muscle of Astacus leptodactylus which is native benthose of Anzali wetland and enjoys food and economic importance; Sampling of waters and sediments from 18 stations and shell and muscle of Astacus leptodactylus from 5 stations had been conducted. After biometric evaluation of Astacus leptodactylus, the chemical analysis of the samples by using international and standard methods and then their heavy metals content was determined by Atomic Absorpotion Spectrophotometer (AAS), model P.U 9400 philips. Result of the analysis stated that; 1) The mean values of Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, V in Anzali waters were 6.4, 184.5, 28.8, 28.9, 47.1 ($\mu$ gr/lit) respectively, which comparing to the international standards, is not suitable for drinking, but it can be used for agricultural and aquacultural purposes. Even though the concentration of heavy metals in sediments were high, there are in range of acceptable limit for aquatics organisms; 2) Comparatively, the concentration of heavy metals in shell and muscle of Astacus leptodactylus in Anzali wetland (Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, V in shell were 3.48, 109.3, 14.13, 7.17, 36.2 and in muscle were 2.98, 131.98, 3.12, 4.77, 9.05 ppm respectively) were more than what is determined for Aras dam (in shell were 1.6, 224.3, 7.8, 7.6, 10.3 and in muscle were 1.4, 60.2, 0.45, 2.7, 4.4 mg/kgr respectively); 3) For all samples, concentration of heavy metals in all Astacus leptodactylus in Anzali wetland and Aras dam, was at tolerance level for human consumption; 4) There was no association with significant difference between weight and size of Astacus leptodactylus with absorption and accumulation of heavy metals; but there was a significant association between heavy metals content in water and in sediments, and in sediments, shell and muscle of Astacus leptodactylus in Anzali wetland.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.296-308
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• 2023

This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Coriandrum sativum L. ethanol extracts in a high fat diet-induced obesity model (DIO). We confirmed the anti-obesity effects by analysing the expression of the related proteins, weight gain, dietary intake, dietary efficiency, blood biochemistry, histological analysis and western blot analysis. After oral administration of Coriandrum sativumL. ethanol extracts at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg, a significant improvement in dietary efficiency, reduction in weight gain, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in blood lipid was observed for 8 weeks. In addition, improvement in blood glucose and metabolism confirmed through glucose tolerance test was observed. Further, the concentration of alanine transaminase (ALT) in blood was significantly decreased, which improved the fatty liver caused by high-fat diet intake as confirmed by liver tissue analysis. This phenomenon was confirmed to decrease the expression of fat accumulation-related PPARγ and FAS protein in the liver tissue. Especially, it is believed that FAS, a liposynthetic enzyme, has a stronger inhibitory effect than PPARγ. Therefore, Coriandrum sativum L. ethanol extract is thought to improve obesity by reducing blood lipids levels, improving glucose metabolism and inhibiting synthesis of the fat that accumulates in the liver in high-fat diet-induced obesity animal models.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2022

Aluminum (Al) is one of the major factors adversely affects crop growth and productivity in acidic soils. In this study, the effect of Al on plants in soil was investigated by comparing the protein expression profiles of alfalfa roots exposed to Al stress treatment. Two-week-old alfalfa seedlings were exposed to Al stress treatment at pH 4.0. Total protein was extracted from alfalfa root tissue and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 45 proteins differentially expressed in Al stress-treated alfalfa root tissues were identified, of which 28 were up-regulated and 17 were down-regulated. Of the differentially expressed proteins, 7 representative proteins were further confirmed for transcript accumulation by RT-PCR analysis. The identified proteins were involved in several functional categories including disease/defense (24%), energy (22%), protein destination (9%), metabolism (7%), transcription (5%), secondary metabolism (4%), and ambiguous classification (29%). The identification of key candidate genes induced by Al in alfalfa roots will be useful to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Al stress tolerance in alfalfa plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Application of exogenous polyamines (PAs) reduced the paraquat (PQ)-induced cotyledon injuries in radish seedling plants with 1 mM spermidine (Spd) being the most effective protectant. PQ injury symptoms in the cotyledons, e.g., large accumulation of $H_2O_2$, and losses of fresh weight, chlorophyll, and proteins, were significantly alleviated. Likewise, analysis of $H_2O_2$-scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) showed that pretreatment with Spd among PAs remarkably increased total CAT activity and strongly retarded PQ-induced rapid decline in total GPX activity. In a native gel assay, one CAT isozyme (CAT1) and two GPX isozymes (GPX1 and a newly synthesized GPX isozyme) proved to be more responsible for PQ tolerance, as manifested by the strong increases in their activities by Spd pretreatment. Based on these results, we can suggest that PAs (especially 1 mM Spd) may function as antioxidant protectors by invoking CAT and GPX enzymes which control the endogenous $H_2O_2$ level in radish cotyledons exposed to PQ.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2024

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome caused by diets containing excessive fatty acids is increasing worldwide. Patients with metabolic syndrome exhibit abnormal lipid profiles, chronic inflammation, increased levels of saturated fatty acids, impaired insulin sensitivity, excessive fat accumulation, and neuropathological issues such as memory deficits. In particular, palmitic acid (PA) in saturated fatty acids aggravates inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and synaptic failure. Recently, adiponectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucose-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have been investigated to find therapeutic solutions for metabolic syndrome, with findings suggesting that they are involved in insulin sensitivity, enhanced lipid profiles, increased neuronal survival, and improved synaptic plasticity. We investigated the effects of adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 on neurite outgrowth, length, and complexity in PA-treated primary cortical neurons using Sholl analysis. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 in enhancing synaptic plasticity within brains affected by metabolic imbalance. We underscore the need for additional research into the mechanisms by which adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 influence neural complexity in brains with metabolic imbalances.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.333-345
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• 2020

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on trees that can be used for planting design and construction for permanently shaded areas by grasping the growth status of trees according to the daylight conditions of the outdoor spaces of apartment complexes. Methods: On the recently completed apartment complexes, daylight conditions were analyzed by using daylight simulations utilizing Solar Access Analysis of Ecotect Analysis. With a criteria for assessment of tree condition, the defect rate of trees planted in permanently shaded areas and green spaces with good daylight conditions was analyzed to suggest trees applicable to permanently shaded areas. The first tree survey was conducted from November 18, 2019 to February 15, 2020, focusing on trees planted in permanently shaded areas, and the second tree survey of all the trees planted on the study sites including permanently shaded areas was conducted from March 16 to March 30, 2020. Results: Evergreen trees which are classified as shade intolerant trees including Pinus densiflora, Thuja occidentalis, and Abies holophylla showed a higher defect rate of trees among the trees planted in permanently shaded areas. Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, Cornus kousa, Chionanthus retusus and Acer palmatum which are classified as shade tolerant trees and shade moderate tolerance trees seemed to be able to be used in the plant design of permanently shaded areas in apartment complexes because the trees showed good growth and a low tree defect rate. In addition, although it was excluded from the analysis due to a small number of samples, Sorbus commixta and Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea also can be used for planting in permanently shaded areas. Conclusion: The daylight simulation technique used to analyze permanent shaded areas in this study can be used as an analysis tool considering the daylight environment at the stages of design and construction, and additional research will be required to analyze tree growth according to daylight conditions through data accumulation and monitoring by managing records throughout the entire life cycle of trees in the process of planting and maintenance.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2010

Transcriptional regulation in response to salt in mutant lines was investigated using oligonucleotide microarrays. In order to characterize the salt-responsive genes in rice, the expression profiles of transcripts that responded to salt-treatment were monitored using the microarrays. In the microarray analysis, among 37,299 reliable genes, 5,101, 2,758 and 2,277 genes were up-regulated by more than 2-fold using the salt treatment, while the numbers of down-regulated genes were 4,619, 3,234, and 1,878 in the WT, ST-495, and ST-532, respectively. From genotype changes induced by gamma ray mutagenesis, 3,345 and 2,397 genes were up-regulated, while 2,745 and 2,075 genes were down-regulated more than 2-fold in the two untreated mutants lines compared with untreated WT, respectively. A total of 3,108 and 2,731 genes were up-regulated more than 2-fold, while 3,987 and 3,660 genes were down-regulated by more than 2-fold in the salt treatment of the two mutants lines compared with the salt treated WT, respectively. The expressions of membrane transporter genes such as OsAKT1, OsKUP, and OsNAC increased more severely in ST-495 and ST-532 than in the WT. The expressions of the proline accumulation related genes such as OsP5CS and OsP5CR were also markedly increased in the salt tolerant mutants when compared to the WT plant.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1427-1434
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• 2022

Two novel, halotolerant strains of Martelella soudanensis, NC18^T and NC20, were isolated from deep subsurface sediment, deeply sequenced, and comparatively analyzed with related strains. Based on a phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, the two strains grouped with members of the genus Martelella. Here, we sequenced the complete genomes of NC18^T and NC20 to understand the mechanisms of their halotolerance. The genome sizes and G+C content of the strains were 6.1 Mb and 61.8 mol%, respectively. Moreover, NC18^T and NC20 were predicted to contain 5,849 and 5,830 genes, and 5,502 and 5,585 protein-coding genes, respectively. Both strains contain the identically predicted 6 rRNAs and 48 tRNAs. The harboring of halotolerant-associated genes revealed that strains NC18^T and NC20 might tolerate high salinity through the accumulation of potassium ions in a "salt-in" strategy induced by K⁺ uptake protein (kup) and the K⁺ transport system (trkAH and kdpFABC). These two strains also use the ectoine transport system (dctPQM), the glycine betaine transport system (proVWX), and glycine betaine uptake protein (opu) to accumulate "compatible solutes," such as ectoine and glycine betaine, to protect cells from salt stress. This study reveals the halotolerance mechanism of strains NC18^T and NC20 in high salt environments and suggests potential applications for these halotolerant and halophilic strains in environmental biotechnology.