• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2017

Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through $NO_x$ and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high $NO_x$ concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2004

This surveillance research drafted a conservation plan of regional green spaces, on a metropolitan area level, geared toward the Minuma Tanbo area of 1260 ha, located in Saitama City, in the suburbs of Tokyo. It was an effective method, applied to an area where Japan's current issues on regional green space were epitomized, as it formed symposiums consisting of various personnel, and the opinions of the citizen had been reflected.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.335-347
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• 2007

Green composites composed of long maize fibers and poly $\varepsilon$-caprolactone (PCL) biodegradable polyester matrix were manufactured by the thermo-mechanical processing termed as 'Sequential Molding and Forming Process' that was developed previously by the authors' research group. A variety of processing parameters such as fiber area fraction, molding temperature and forming pressure were systematically controlled and their influence on the tensile properties was investigated. It was revealed that both tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites increase steadily depending on the increase in fiber area fraction, suggesting a general conformity to the rule of mixtures (ROM), particularly up to 55% fiber area fraction. The improvement in tensile properties was found to be closely related to the good interfacial adhesion between the fiber and polymer matrix, and was observed to be more pronounced under the optimum processing condition of $130^{\circ}C$ molding temperature and 10 MPa forming pressure. However, processing out of the optimum condition results in a deterioration in properties, mostly fiber and/or matrix degradation together with their interfacial defect as a consequence of the thermal or mechanical damages. On the basis of microstructural observation, the cause of strength degradation and its countermeasure to provide a feasible composite design are discussed in relation to the optimized process conditions.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1457-1459
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• 2003

This study reports the surface temperature pattern of the Tokyo Metropolitan area using the ASTER surface temperature product. The product is an image processed by applying temperature-emissivity separation to atmospheric corrected infrared thermal radiance of the land surface, then converted to surface temperature by using Planck's function. Daytime and nighttime observation in a cold season and a warm season were used in this study. As a result, 1) contrast between urban and suburban, 2) extraction of heating area in urban, 3) measurement of cooling effect of green space were achieved.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.696-701
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• 2002

This paper describes some results of change detection in Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan , using the Landsat TM data, and methods to quantify the ground cover classes. The changes are analyzed using the measures of not only conventional spectral classes but also a set of landscape indices to describe spatial properties of ground cove types using fractal dimension of objects, entropy in the specific windows defining the neighbors of focusing locations. In order eliminate the seasonal radiometric effects on TM data, an automated class labeling method is also attempted. Urban areas are also delineated automatically by defining the boundaries of the urban area. These procedures for urban change detection were implemented by the unified image computing methods proposed by the author, they can be automated in coherent and systematic ways, and it is anticipated to automate the whole procedures. The results of this analysis suggest that Tokyo metropolitan area was extended to the suburban areas along the new transportation networks and the high density area of Tokyo were also very much extended during the period between 1985 and 1995.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2002

1980년대. 동경 권에서는 공간구조 다핵화를 표방하고 지방자치단체 주도로 교외지역에 대규모 업무지구 개발에 착수하였다. 이 개발사업을 효과적으로 실현하기 위해서 지방자치단체는 장소마케팅 전략을 도입한다. 다양한 민간의 참여를 이끌어 내며, 대중성, 고유성. 중심성. 쾌적성을 장소 이미지로 설정하여 공간 인프라 구축에 반영함으로써, 기업과 소비자에게 매력있는 장소로 전환을 시도한다. 지방자치단체의 노력과 도심 입지여건 악화등의 결과 1920년대. 근대도시 동경이 성립된 이래 처음으로 교외지역에 본사기능을 비롯한 고타 업무기능이 이전하게 되었다. 아직 교외의 개발이 미완성 상태에 있으며, 재정 문제 등 어려움에 봉착해 있기는 하지만, 이 지역이 향후 지식기반경제의 거점으로서 성장할 수 있는 중요한 토대임은 분명하다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.653-672
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• 2010

이 연구는 지난 10년간 행정구역 통합이 대대적으로 진행된 일본의 경험에 주목하여, 대도시권에서의 행정구역 재편이 지니는 특성과 그 유형을 고찰하고자 하였다. 행정구역은 본질적으로 공간적인 문제로 개편을 논하기 위해서는 지역특성을 고려한 체계적인 분석이 필요하다. 일본의 수도권 지역은 재정, 인구, 도시중심성에 있어서 전국의 타지역과 차별적인 특성을 보이고 있어 통합의 논리 또한 달랐다. 한편 수도권 내에서도 다양한 지역적 맥락이 존재하는데, 이는 재정, 인구, 도시중심성, 기간산업의 측면에서 유형화된다. 결론적으로 시정촌 통합은 배경과 방식에 따라 유형화되는데, 이 유형화로부터 일본의 시정촌 통합이 지역격차를 확대시키는 성격을 지니고 있었으며, 각 유형별로 다양한 문제가 내포되어 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 행정구역 재편이 지역개발에 있어서 유용한 수단으로 자리매김 되기 위해서는 지역적 특성에 따른 차별적인 접근이 필요하다 하겠다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of housing planning in 23 wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. First, the present residential conditions in the 23 wards were investigated. And then we analyzed the basic purpose and individual policies of Housing Master Plan in the 4 wards. In this study, it was found that the basic purpose of Housing Master Plan can be classified into three parts: amenity, safety, and diversity. Analyzing the individual policies, it was found that the priority are given to safety and diversity out of the those three parts.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the window area ratio distribution of building facade in Tokyo metropolitan area. The survey was carried out in Marunouchi, Kanda, Kasai and Todoriki district. The results of this study were as follows; to propose of window area ratio production method, analyzed and surveyed window area ratio of each district building-used and to compared every wall window area ratio of building. Every wall window area ratio of office district is $20\sim40%$, ones of non-office district is 15% or 35%. Residential area results are every wall window area ratio of apartment is 35%, ones of a house is 15%. To increase of office building to appear that Kanda, Kasai added window area ratio. But, Marunouchi, Todoriki wad not this tendency. Above mentioned results are made out database.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2008

We introduce a new fabrication process for antireflective structured surfaces. A 4-inch silicon wafer was dipped in a suspension of 300-nm-diameter silica particles dispersed in a toluene solution. When the wafer was drawn out of the suspension, a hexagonally packed monolayer structure of particles self-assembled on almost the complete wafer surface. Due to the simple process, this could be applied to micro- and nano-patterning. The self-assembled silica particles worked as a mask for the subsequent reactive ion etching. An array of nanometer-sized pits could be fabricated since the regions that correspond to the small gaps between particles were selectively etched off. As etching progressed, the pits became deeper and combined with neighboring pits due to side-etching to produce an array of cone-like structures. We investigated the effect of etching conditions on antireflection properties, and the optimum shape was a nano-cone with height and spacing of 500 nm and 300 nm, respectively. This nano-structured surface was prepared on a $30\;{\times}\;10-mm$ area. The reflectivity of the surface was reduced 97% for wavelengths in the range 400-700 nm.