• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 2013

This study is an attempt to quantify rainwater utilization and miscellaneous water demand in Tokyo's 23 special wards, the core of the urban area in Tokyo, Japan, in order to elucidate the potential of further rainwater utilization. The rainwater utilization for miscellaneous appropriate water demands, including toilet flushing, air conditioning, and garden irrigation, were calculated for six different types of building: residential house, office, department store, supermarket, restaurant, and accommodation. Miscellaneous water demands in these different types of building were expressed in terms of equivalent rainfall of 767, 1,133, 3,318, 1,887, 16,574, and 2,227 (mm/yr), respectively, compared with 1,528 mm of Tokyo's average annual precipitation. Building types, numbers and its height were considered in this study area using geographic information system data to quantify miscellaneous water demands and the amount of rainwater utilization in each ward. Area precipitation-demand ratio was used to measure rainwater utilization potential for miscellaneous water demands. Office and commercial areas, such as Chiyoda ward, showed rainwater utilization potentials of <0.3, which was relatively low compared to those wards where many residential houses are located. This is attributed to the relatively high miscellaneous water demand. In light of rainwater utilization based on building level, the introduction of rainwater storage mechanisms with a storage depth of 50 mm for six different types of buildings was considered, and calculated as rainfall of 573, 679, 819, 766, 930, and 787 (mm), respectively. Total rainwater utilization using such storage facilities in each building from 23 wards resulted in the retention of 102,760,000 $m^3$ of water for use in miscellaneous applications annually, and this volume corresponded to 26.3% of annual miscellaneous water demand.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방재학회 2011년도 정기 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 2011

In April 2010, Japan Cabinet Office has published the first countermeasure report for severe flood disasters. This report showed various flood-disaster scenarios and factors that widened damages. One of important suggestions was to transmit precious information for long-distance evacuation. So far, local municipalities have made Flood Hazard Map to inform resident risk and evacuation. In this paper, cognition and effectiveness of a flood hazard map in the down ARAKAWA river Tokyo were measured by social questionnaire survey. In conclusion, there were 3 factors to effect validity of a flood hazard map. There were (1) commitment to their neighborhood organization, (2) experience of Kathleen typhoon in 1947 and (3) level of using targeted river. As results, a logical diagram about a flood hazard map perception was drawn and discussed from a view of community-based approach.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 Asia Navigation Conference
• /
• pp.208-216
• /
• 2004

Since 2000, the authors have been developing remote radar network system to observe the vessel traffic in Tokyo Bay. In December 2002, the first operational remote radar station was set at the National Defense Academy in Yokosuka, and vessel traffic observation was started. However, it was impossible to perform accurate observation in the northern part of Tokyo Bay by this Yokosuka radar station only. In September 2003, the second remote radar station and AIS receiving station were installed at Higashi Ogishima in Kawasaki. This second radar enabled us to carry out accurate observation in that area. Both radars can be remotely controlled from the monitoring station in Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology. On September 30 and October 1,2003, the vessel traffic observation was carried out using both radars. Combining radar images observed by both radars, the ships' tracks were taken and the dangerous ships were extracted by using SJ value and Bumper Model. The time changes of dangerous ship density in some areas in Tokyo Bay and utilization ratio of the traffic routes were also investigated. In addition, analyzing the AIS date received at Kawasaki station, the positions and speed vectors of the ships equipped with AIS were shown.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.248-259
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 한국과 일본의 뮤지엄을 대상으로 관람객의 피로도를 감안한 뮤지엄 공간이 구성되었는지를 분석하고 이를 토대로 피로도 저감 방안을 제안하기 위한 것이다. 연구 대상으로는 국가를 대표하는 국공립 기관으로 한국의 국립현대미술관의 서울관, 국립중앙박물관과 한국과 지리적으로 인접하고 문화적 유사성이 높은 일본의 국립신미술관, 도쿄국립박물관을 선정했다. 연구방법은 1차 조사로 뮤지엄 평면도 분석과 2차 조사로 관람객 동선 추적 조사를 실시했다. 분석결과 관람동선 내 휴식공간이 있고, 휴식공간의 배치와 조망권이 좋은 곳은 도쿄국립박물관과 국립신미술관이며, 관람동선 내 휴식공간이 배치되어 있지만 동선상의 휴식공간의 배치와 조망권이 좋지 않은 곳으로는 국립중앙박물관이다. 마지막으로 국립현대미술관 서울관은 관람동선 외 휴식공간이 배치되어 있지 않으며, 휴식공간의 조망권도 좋지 않은 곳으로 분류되었다. 본 연구는 각 뮤지엄에서 조사된 결과를 바탕으로 뮤지엄 피로도를 완화해줄 수 있는 관람동선을 고려한 뮤지엄 공간계획과, 휴식공간의 공간요소에 적합한 공간배치와 시설계획을 하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제41권
• /
• pp.43.1-43.5
• /
• 2019

Background: Reconstructive surgery is often required for tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region, irrespective of whether they are benign or malignant, the area involved, and the tumor size. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used in reconstructive surgery. However, these models have rarely been adapted for the fabrication of custom-made reconstruction materials. In this report, we present a case of maxillary reconstruction using a laboratory-engineered, custom-made mesh plate from a 3D model. Case presentation: The patient was a 56-year-old female, who had undergone maxillary resection in 2011 for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma that presented as a swelling of the anterior maxillary gingiva. Five years later, there was no recurrence of the malignant tumor and a maxillary reconstruction was planned. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large bony defect in the dental-alveolar area of the anterior maxilla. Using the CT data, a 3D model of the maxilla was prepared, and the site of reconstruction determined. A custom-made mesh plate was fabricated using the 3D model (Okada Medical Supply, Tokyo, Japan). We performed the reconstruction using the custom-made titanium mesh plate and the particulate cancellous bone and marrow graft from her iliac bone. We employed the tunneling flap technique without alveolar crest incision, to prevent surgical wound dehiscence, mesh exposure, and alveolar bone loss. Ten months later, three dental implants were inserted in the graft. Before the final crown setting, we performed a gingivoplasty with palate mucosal graft. The patient has expressed total satisfaction with both the functional and esthetic outcomes of the procedure. Conclusion: We have successfully performed a maxillary and dental reconstruction using a custom-made, pre-bent titanium mesh plate.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.247-264
• /
• 1999

In this study, I investigate how city parks have been created, and what are some characteristics of the location and function of 69 city parks in Tokyo. The city parks in Tokyo have been made in three patterns. The first is planned parks which have been created as a urban facilities considering the scales and types. The second is memorial parks which have been made to memorialize the national monumental event or to preserve natural and cultural resources. The third is public property parks which have been made by occurrence of public vacant land which is resulted from the grant of Royal Garden, restoration of public rented ground, producton of reclaimed land, utilization of dry river bed. The city parks can be classified in five patterns according to distance from CBD and park area. The first is central parks which have historical characteristics strongly. The second is planned parks that are specialized functionally. The third is large scale urban edge parks which are located in the edge of 23-Gu(district) in Tokyo. The fourth is hill parks which have natural characteristics strongly. The fifth is waterside parks that are located along a lake, a pond, a river, or artificial waterside facilities. From this study I have found out that a great effort has been made to activate the utilization of parks for residents in Tokyo, through mnagement goals and ways of parks, composition and chatacteristics of park facility resources, various Events, residents participation in undertaking of parks.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2006

This paper is an analysis of the Category Individual Residence urban spatial structure along the National Route BO (Koushu-Kaido), one of the major roads in Japan, and the degree of differences between locations and its changes between the points of time. The analysis was based on the GIS technique. Whilst, previous studies were based on municipal boundaries or mesh units as sources of data, GIS allowed the use of variable geographical units, Roadside zone, Inner zone, North zone, South zone, Blocks. As an example to apply the technology of GIS, 1986's and 1991's building polygon data of the Urban Planning Bureau of Tokyo Metropolitan Government are used. The layers referred to the analyses is the building polygons with the amount of stories, building area, floor area and the material of the building. Two statistical analysis are executed; one is the test of the regional equality about the number of story of building, building area, floor area and fireproof building ratio.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 1998년도 창립기념 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.137-159
• /
• 1998

For the construction of railroads in Metropolytan area based upon the outcome of the future demand forecast, a total of 21 lines including electrified double track segment of Ui-Jung-Bu↔Dong-Du-Chun(18.9km) in Kyung-Won Line is expected. Considering the financial difficulties and investment effect of the lines, this in the sequel brings about an important matter of deforming priority Investment plan to build electrified lines among the candidates. In the case of Japan, Tokyo metropolytan area covered In total by 2,070.1km of various lines, i.e., subway lines(241km), private lines(952.7km), JR lines(876.4km), provides convenient means of transportation for the coummuters and makes a contribution to the development of its neighboring areas and to the expansion of settlement areas. Comparing the total length per 1,000$\textrm{km}^2$, Tokyo(105), Paris(117), and London(115) are at least 6 times as large as ours(15). The purpose of this study is two fold provide a basic scheme for building railroads in metropolytan area and determine priority order in accordance with some evaluation criteria.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
• /
• pp.522-525
• /
• 2005

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is one of the effective technologies for monitoring forest inventory, and importance of forestry is increasing because of its function as the sink of green house gases (GHG). This study aims at development of a methodology for better and more accurate estimation of physical parameters of individual trees by removing sudden drops of LIDAR data within a crown. Our study area is located in Aomori prefecture, the northern part of Honshu Island, with the dominant species of Japanese cedar. The results show practicality of our method in the usage of LIDAR data in the field of forest inventory.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
• /
• pp.685-688
• /
• 2004

Fresh water discharge from the sea floor strongly affects a coastal ecology and the diffusion of contaminants. Much fresh water discharge has been found in the edge of Kurobe alluvial fan, in which annual rainfall is over 4000mm and there is abundant groundwater. However, it is difficult to find the groundwater discharge, thus the search of possible areas with some remote sensing tools is required. Because the temperature of the discharge point is relatively low compared with the surrounding sea water surfaces, there is a possibility to detect the area as an irregular zone of thermal infrared images. Two anomalous temperature zones, which have no surface streams from rivers, are detected by ASTER thermal-infrared images. One of them was verified as the groundwater discharge point by dives. In addition, the distribution of water table under the land side of the two areas is also detected as irregular zones by a ground-penetrating radar