• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Purpose: First introduced by Buncke and Rose in 1979, the neurovascular partial $2^{nd}$ toe pulp free tissue transfer has been attempted to reconstruct posttraumatic finger tip injuries. Although some surgeons prefer other reconstructive methods such as skin graft and local flap, we chose the partial $2^{nd}$ toe pulp flap owing to its many advantages. We report three successful surgical cases in which the patients had undergone this particular method of reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively examined three cases of fingertip injury patients due to mechanical injury. Bone exposure was seen in all three cases, All had undergone partial toe pulp free flap for soft tissue defect coverage. Results: All flaps survived without any complications such as partial necrosis, hematoma or dehiscence. Although tingling sensation has returned in both cases, two-point discrimination has not returned yet. Currently no patient is complaining of any pain which gradually improved during their course of recuperation. All stitches were removed on postoperative 2 weeks. Patients are satisfied with the final surgical result and there are no signs of any edema or hematoma. Conclusion: The homodigital reconstruction of finger tip injury using the partial $2^{nd}$ toe pulp flap has numerous advantages compared to other reconstructive modalities such as its resistance to wear and tear and in that it provides a non-slip palmar digital surface. However it requires microsurgery which may not be preferred by surgeons. Advanced age of the patient can be a relative contraindication to this approach since atheromatous plaque from the donor toe can compromise flap circulation after surgery. We report three successful cases which patient age was considered appropriate. Further investigation with a larger number of cases and long term follow-up is deemed necessary.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2008

Today, Ethernet technology is rapidly developing to have a bandwidth of 10Gbps beyond 1Gbps. In such high-speed networks, the existing method that host CPU processes TCP/IP in the operating system causes numerous overheads. As a result of the overheads, user applications cannot get the enough computing power from the host CPU. To solve this problem, the TCP/IP Offload Engine(TOE) technology was emerged. TOE is a specialized NIC which processes the TCP/IP instead of the host CPU. In this paper, we implemented a high-performance, lightweight TCP/IP(HL-TCP) for the TOE and applied it to an embedded system. The HL-TCP supports existing fundamental TCP/IP functions; flow control, congestion control, retransmission, delayed ACK, processing out-of-order packets. And it was implemented to utilize Ethernet MAC's hardware features such as TCP segmentation offload(TSO), checksum offload(CSO) and interrupt coalescing. Also we eliminated the copy overhead from the host memory to the NIC memory when sending data and we implemented an efficient DMA mechanism for the TCP retransmission. The TOE using the HL-TCP has the CPU utilization of less than 6% and the bandwidth of 453Mbps.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the ability of the CPT test to dignosis radiculopathy in Korean with NeuvalTM CPT database. Method : Electrical stimulation(at 2000, 250, and 5Hz) using Neurometer was applied to the 19 patients who felt back and sciatic pain with herniated intervertevral disc(HIVD) of L-spine, dignosisd by lumbar CT or MRI, and the 33 patients who felt only back or hip or leg pain without HIVD, stenosis, spondylolisthesis which causing radiculopathy. The test sites were toe1, toe3 and toe5 related to L4, L5 and S1 nerve roots. Results : The mean values of the CPT of HIVD group was stiatically lower than LBP group at toe1-250Hz, toe3-2000Hz, 250Hz and toe5-250Hz, 5Hz. The grading CPT score of HIVD group was stastically higher than LBP group at the toe3(L5). The VAS of HIVD group was stastically higher than LBP group. Conclusion : These results suggest that the CPT test can be a valuable testing for diagnosing radiculopathy in Korean. In using CPT test further study is needed for the diagnosis and evaluation of sensory nerve dysfunction in the musculoskeletal disease.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.56
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• pp.209-238
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze characteristics of the method of education or learning reflected in the teacher-student relationship in On Haeng Lok By Toe-gye and explore their relevance to modern education. By writing various works and conversing with his students, Toe-gye devoted himself in the education of the traditional Confucian principles. Specially, he taught his students based on two Confucian educative principles, namely Shim Deuk(心得) and Goong Haeng(躬行). Judging from this, Toe-gye can be seen as someone who tries to fulfill the role of teacher as dictated in the educative principles of the Confucianism. In Confucianism, teacher is responsible for forming a well-rounded view on life in student, rather than simply transmitting knowledge. As such, the teacher was supposed to find a harmonious way to create something new based on what was inherited from the past generation and try to do his best in learning new things himself and teaching his students. These Toe-gye managed to do successfully, earning his students' trust and respect. Being moved and inspired by their teacher, the students continued their intellectual pursuit. This relationship between Toe-gye and his students can be analyzed from the perspective of education method and discussed in terms of cognitive learning and adult learning. In terms of cognitive learning, the education method reflected in the relationship is similar to potential learning, insight learning, and imitation learning. In terms of adult learning, it is similar to self-directed learning and communicative learning.!

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

Lmbr1 is regarded as a key gene that controls the digital model formation in early developmental stages of the chicken. However, there are few reports of lmbr1 expression levels and tendencies in 4-toe and 5-toe chicken species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the lmbr1 expression in White Leghorn (4-toe) and Chinese Silky (5-toe). Firstly, total RNA was extracted from 14 different embryonic development stages (HH3 to HH31) in White Leghorn and Chinese Silky. Secondly, dramatic gene expression changes of lmbr1 were monitored by RT-PCR, which indicated a general up-down-up tendency with subtle differences between these two species. Moreover, Q-PCR reactions were performed to quantitate the expression level of lmbr1 in the 14 selected developmental stages. These data demonstrated a first lmbr1 expression peak of 18.68 and 15.32, a lmbr1 expression trough of 6.61 and 1.80, and a second lmbr1 expression peak of 22.33 and 12.48 in White Leghorn and Chinese Silky, respectively. Finally, embryonic in situ hybridization analysis identified that lmbr1 expressed in the ectoderm in HH21, HH23 and HH24 developmental stages in both species.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.815-827
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• 2015

This study analyzes the characteristics by age and type for middle aged and elderly women foot shapes aged 40-69 years. ANOVA, factor, and cluster analyzed middle aged and elderly women's foot shapes. The results of the study are as follows. First, higher age groups tended to have smaller foot lengths, ball/instep circumferences, circumferences, and ball heights with larger heel height values and higher degrees of gathering of toe 1 and toe 5 toward the feet reference axis. Second, foot lengths were 220 mm-240 mm and the ball circumference's size symbol in high frequency sections were distributed from E to EEEE in the 40s and 60s groups and from D to EEEE in the 50s group. Third, eight factors were extracted through the factor analyses of middle aged and elderly women's foot measurement items. Fourth, a cluster analyses classified the subjects into four types. Type 1 is a normal foot type with medium foot length and small ball circumference and type 2 is a long and flat foot type with a type with large foot length and ball circumference values as well as small ball height values. Type 3 is a thick foot type with a medium foot length, large ball circumference, large ball height and type 4 is a toe deformation foot type with medium foot length, small ball circumference, and a high degree of toe gathering toward the center.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1575-1579
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• 1999

Embedded processors often accommodate two instruction sets, a standard instruction set and a compressed instruction set. With the compressed instruction set, code size can be reduced while instruction count (and consequently execution time) can be increased. To achieve code size reduction without significant increase of execution time, this paper proposes a new compressed instruction set architecture, called TOE (Two Operations Execution). The proposed instruction set format includes the parallel bit that indicates an instruction can be executed simultaneously with the next instruction. To add the parallel bit, TOE instruction format reduces the destination register field. The reduction of the register field limits the number of registers that are accessible by an instruction. To overcome the limited accessibility of registers, TOE adapts non-homogeneous register partition in which registers are divided into multiple subsets, each of which are accessed by different groups of instructions. With non-homogeneous registers, each instruction can access only a limited number of registers, but an entire program can access all available registers. With efficient non-homogeneous register allocator, all registers can be used in a balanced manner. As a result, the increase of code size due to register spills is negligible. Experimental results show that more than 30% of TOE instructions can be executed in parallel without significant increase of code size when compared to existing Thumb instruction set.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.144-149
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• 2001

The failure at the head section of rubble-mound detached breakwaters is more important than other failure modes. because this initial failures will occur the failure of the trunk section and lead to the instability of the structure. The three-dimensional failure modes are discussed using the experimental data with multi-directional waves considering the failure modes occurring around the head of the rubble-mound detached breakwater. The spacial characteristics of failure mode around the rubble-mound structures can be summarized as follows: 1) It was clarified that the failure modes at the round head of a detached breakwater are classified as failure by plunging breaker on the slope, failure by direct incident wave force and failure by scouring at the toe of the detached breakwater. 2) The failure mode was found in the lower wave height than the design wave by the breaker depth effects. It is clarified that the structure monitored was safely designed for the design wave but the failure was occurred by the reason of breaker waves and scouring processes at the toe 3) It was observed that scouring at the toe developed in the region where steady stream due to vorticity was generated and the spatial variation of scour at the toe of the round head was predominated by incident wave direction.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.77-83
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• 2003

본 연구는 발가락 벌림 보조기(toe spreader)가 긴장성 발가락 굽힘 반사(Tonic Toe Flexion Reflex: TTFR)가 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동의 보행에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 12명의 TTFR이 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 같은 날에 맨발과 발가락 벌림 보조기를 착용한 상태에서 보행분석을 실시하였다. 시간 거리 보행변수로 활보장(step length), 보장(step length), 보폭(step width), 발가락 외전각도(toe out angle), 활보시간(stride), 입각기(stance phase), 유각기(swing phase), 분속수(cadence), 보행속도(speed)를 측정하였다. 발가락 벌림 보조기 착용 시 시간 거리 보행변수는 통계적으로는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 양하지 뇌성마비 아동에서 TTFR을 억제하기 위한 발가락 벌림 보조기의 즉시적인 효과는 유의하지 않다고 볼 수 있으며, 추후연구로 장기간 일상생활에서의 지속적인 착용을 통한 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to help golfers to select adequate putters and to provide golfers basic scientific data for improving athletic performance by showing differences of kinematic variables according to the shape of putter head. In this research three right-handed male pro-golfer who are listed at KPGA were studied and three video camera (GR-HD1KR, JVC, Japan) were used and recording speed was 60 frame/sec during the research. In this study kinematic variables were calculated using Kwon3D XP program and analysed on the 4 events and 3 phases. This study showed the following results : (1) The swing of heel-toe putter showed longer time than that of face balanced putter, and there are statistical significant difference of kinematic variables of each objective (2) As of the trajectory of putter head, heel-toe putter showed more approximating curve trajectory than that of in-between, face balanced putter on the X-axis (3) heel-toe putter showed longer distance follow-through than that of other putters by statistically significant difference on the Y-axis (4) Heel-toe putter showed longer distance swing trajectory over the ground than that of other putters by statistically significant difference on the Z-axis.