• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2007

This study was designed to introduce free toe tissue transfer using infiltration method of local anesthetic agent. Four toe pulp tissues were transferred to reconstruct finger tip defect in four patients who were not suitable for general anesthesia. Two flaps taken from the lateral side of the great toe was used for reconstruction of thumb defect and two flaps from the medial side of the second toe for resurfacing of the index and fifth finger. Flap sizes were various from $2.0{\times}2.0\;cm^2$ to $1.6{\times}4.0\;cm^2$. Anesthesia was induced by infiltration of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (with 1:100,000 epinephrine) with dilution of normal saline in same volume unit, as like as in ordinary digital block. All vessels were anastomosed within 2 cm of distance from the proximal margin of the defect. Whole operative procedures were carried out by one team. All flaps were successfully taken without complication. The average operation time was 4 hours 10 minutes. The amount of anesthetic agent used in whole operative procedures was roughly 4 mL in the toe, 8 mL in the finger, and 12 mL totally. In conclusion, free toe tissue transfer using infiltration method of local anesthetic agent would be good strategy for finger tip reconstruction in the patient not suitable for general anesthesia.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the toe headings on the biomechanics of knee joint in drop landing in an attempt to find the potential risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Seventeen male college students ($20.5{\pm}1.1$ yrs; $175.2{\pm}6.4$ cm; $68.8{\pm}5.8$ kg), having no neuromuscular injury within an year, participated in this study. Three different toe headings such as toe-in (TI), neutral (N), and toe-out (TO) positions were tested. Motion capturing system consisting of eight high speed cameras and two force platforms were used to collect three-dimensional motion data and ground reaction force data during landing. Results indicated joint angles and peak joint moments were significantly affected by the toe headings. TI position produced larger valgus angle due to reduce knee distance in addition to higher flexion and valgus moment than other positions, which was somewhat vulnerable to the potential risk of non-contact ACL injury. TO position caused the largest internal rotation angle with smaller joint moments. Therefore, it is recommended that athletes need to land on the ground with neutral toe-heading position as possible in order to minimize the potential risk of non-contact ACL injury.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2018

Background Amputation is commonly performed for toe necrosis secondary to peripheral vascular diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. When amputating a necrotic toe, preservation of the bony structure is important for preventing the collapse of adjacent digits into the amputated space. However, in the popular terminal Syme's amputation technique, partial amputation of the distal phalanx could cause increased tension on the wound margin. Herein, we introduce a new way to resect sufficient bony structure while maintaining the normal length, based on a morphological analysis of the toes. Methods Unlike the pulp of the finger in the distal phalanx, the toe has abundant teardrop-shaped pulp tissue. The ratio of the vertical length to the longitudinal length in the distal phalanx was compared between the toes and fingers. Amputation was performed at the proximal interphalangeal joint level. Then, a mobilizable pulp flap was rotated $90^{\circ}$ cephalad to replace the distal soft tissue defect. This modified toe fillet flap was performed in 5 patients. Results The toe pulp was found to have a vertically oriented morphology compared to that of the fingers, enabling length preservation through cephalad rotation. All defects were successfully covered without marginal ischemia. Conclusions While conventional toe fillet flap coverage focuses on the principle of length preservation as the first priority, our modified method takes both wound healing and length into account. The fattiest part of the pulp is advanced to the toe tip, providing a cushioning effect and enough length to substitute for phalangeal bone loss. Our modified method led to satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2018

Purpose: Toe ulcers have been implicated as a causative factor in diabetic foot amputation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of percutaneous needle flexor tenotomies of diabetic claw toes with ulcers or pending ulcers. Materials and Methods: The authors undertook a retrospective chart review between January 2014 and June 2016 to identify those patients who underwent a percutaneous needle flexor tenotomy for diabetic claw toe deformities. We evaluated 54 toes in 42 patients. Twenty-four patients were female and the mean age at the time of operation was 57 years. The mean follow-up time was 11 months. Thirty-four patients (46 toes) had tip toe ulcers or pending ulcers and 8 patients (8 toes) had dorsal pending ulcers. All patients had palpable pulses and good capillary refill. Results: Forty-three of 46 tip toe ulcers (93.5%) healed without significant complications and 8 dorsal ulcers showed no specific changes within 5 weeks. There were no recurrent ulcers at final follow-up. Four patients developed transfer lesion of the adjacent toe and needed subsequent tenotomy. Conclusion: Percutaneous needle tenotomy in an outpatient clinic was an effective and safe method for treating toe ulcers in neuropathic patients to offload the tip of the toe so that ulcer healing could occur.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of toe wedges on the gait ability of adolescents with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: Six adolescents with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy participated in this study. During the participants walked with- and without toe wedges, the gait ability was analyzed using the electronic walkway system. Gait parameters, including velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, single support time, and double support time, were collected and analyzed. Results: When the participants walked with toe wedges, there were significant improvements in gait velocity, cadence, and double support time compared to those without toe wedges (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in step length, stride length, and single support time. Conclusion: Toe wedges may have a positive effect on the gait ability of adolescents with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. However, it is necessary to conduct high-quality studies to identify the effects of toe wedges.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.2 (1)
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• pp.1000-1002
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• 2005

TOE(TCP/IP Offload Engine)은 호스트 CPU가 아닌 네트워크 어댑터 상에서 TCP/IP 프로토콜을 처리하여 호스트 CPU의 부하를 줄이는 기술이다. TOE의 구현 방안으로는 임베디드 프로세서를 사용하여 TCP/IP를 처리하는 소프트웨어적인 구현 방법과 TCP/IP의 모든 기능을 하드웨어로 구현하는 접근 방법이 제안되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 하드웨어적인 접근 방법과 소프트웨어적인 접근 방법을 결합한 Hybrid TOE 구조를 개발하기 위해 FPGA와 ARM 프로세서에 기반한 프로토타입을 개발하였다. Hybrid TOE는 많은 작업 부하로 인하여 임베디드 프로세서 상에서 성능을 확보하기 어려운 기능들은 하드웨어로 구현하고, 연결 설정과 같이 통신의 성능에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는 기능들은 임베디드 프로세서 상에서 소프트웨어로 처리한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 실험을 통해 Hybrid TOE 프로토타입이 호스트 CPU 상에 발생하는 부하를 줄임을 입증하고, 하드웨어 구현을 통해 통신의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

We studied the results of the immediate microsurgical reconstruction of the distal digit injury with short vascular pedicled partial toe transfer. Thirteen patients with amputation or crush injury of the distal digit who underwent partial toe transfer at the authors' institute over 8-year period were reviewed. Delay between initial injury and reconstruction ranged from 1 to 9 days. All flaps were harvested on a short vascular pedicle, with anastomoses performed at a proximal interphalangeal joint level on the fingers and metacarpophalangeal joint level on the thumbs. Good to excellent cosmetic and functional results were obtained in all cases, with nearly normal-looking fingertip. The mean static two point discrimination was 10 mm. Immediate reconstruction with short vascular pedicled partial toe transfer is an excellent option for the reconstruction of the compostie defect of the distal digit.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1450-1453
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• 2003

Safety-shoes are developed for heavy industry. Nowadays with the development of industry, it is increase on all of industry field. Safety-shoes are to be classfied into using intention. And it's developed not only protect from danger but also more comfort wearing. When wear a safety shoes, in cold weather, serious disease could be occur such as frostbitten and so on. In the study replacees steel toe-cap by polymer. When it replace by polymer, Moreover add keeping warm, light weighting, chemicals-proof. Nowadays plastic material can exchanged from metal, because of rapid growth in engineering plastic and FRP. Prodcts of engineering plastic and FRP goods are equal. So we develop plastic Toe-Cap using plastic technology.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.90-100
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• 1994

In this study the fatigue crack growth behavior was investigated for the surface cracks in aluminum alloy A5083-O plate and its weldment. Several kinds of specimens were tested at room temperature. The Eccentric specimens(E1.0, E2.5) subjected to combined stresses(tension+bending) were tested and the welded specimens with weld toes(TOE1, TOE2) were tested in order to verify the method to consider the stress concentration such as weld toe. It was ascertained that the surface crack growth property in the weld toe could be predicted by the corrected Pang's equation proposed in this study.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2000

Fatigue crack propagation life of weld toe crack through residual stress field was estimated with Elber's crack concept. Propagation of weld toe crack is heavily influenced by residual stress caused by welding process, so it is essential to take into account the effect of residual stress on the propagation life of weld toe crack. Fatigue crack at transverse and longitudinal weld toe was studied respectively, which represent typical weld joint in ship structure. Numerical and experimental studies are performed for both cases. Residual stress near weldment was estimated through nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic finite element method, and residual stress intensity factor with Glinka's weight function method. Effective stress intensity factor was calculated with Newman-Forman-de Koning-Henriksen equation which is based on Dugdale strip yield model in estimating crack closure level U at different stress ratio. Calculated crack propagation life coincided well with experimental results.