• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2005

Effects of neutron beam irradiation on seed germination, growth and RAPD pattern of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv.; N. plumbaginifolia) and rice (Orya sativa L. cv.) plants were estimated. Seed germination rate was not significantly changed by the neutron beam treatment in both tobacco and rice seeds. And there was no significant differance in growth of the plants by the neutron beam treatment. Interestingly, however, some of morphological changes, including leaf shape (about $36\%$), stem color and leaf color were observed in neutron beam treated tobacco plants. In addition, abnormal flower in petal was observed in the neutron beam treated plant. This results indicate that neutron beam is able to use as an effective mutagen in plant mutations. Scorable products from 20 primers were obtained by RAPD analysis in the leaves of the beam irradiated tobacco plants and most of the plants showed the similar band patterns.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.480-485
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• 1989

Changes of color intensity and components during browning reaction of water extracts from white tail ginseng were investigated. Temperature dependence was described by the Arrhenius relationship with an activation energy of 16kcal/mole. Temperature sensitivities$(Q_{10}\;value)$ for water extracts of ginseng was 1.90 between $70^{\circ}C\;and\;80^{\circ}C$, 1.57 between $80^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$ and 1.46 between $90^{\circ}C\;and\;100^{\circ}C$. pH value of the solution treated at $90^{\circ}C\;and\;100^{\circ}C$ slightly increased with an increase in reaction time. Among ginseng saponins ginsenoside-Re was most unstable against heat-treatment, white diol group saponins were more stable against heat-treatment. Hydrogen donating activity (reducing activity for ${\alpha},\;{\alpha}'-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$) and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid(DNS) positive substances of browning reaction products increased in proportion to the length of browning reaction time and temperature, whereas folin positive substances decreased by heat-denaturation of ginseng protein at initial reaction time and then increased thereafter.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

A new isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), identified as Li-CMV was isolated from a diseased Korean native lily (Lithium tsingtauense Gilg). Biological and serological properties of Li-CMV were characterized, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, restriction enzyme profiling of RT-PCR products, and nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA3 of the virus were performed in this study. Remarkable differences in symptoms between Li-CMV and ordinary CMV strains were found in tobacco plants and Datura stramonium. Li-CMV-infected tobacco plants (cv. Xanthi-nc and cv. Samsun) induced chlorotic ringspots on uninoculated upper leaves, and the symptom expression was delayed or faint whereas, ordinary CMV strains induced green mosaic symptoms on the plant. Systemic infections were observed on Nicotiana benthamiana with severe mosaic symptom. Restriction mapping analysis of RT-PCR products using MspI showed that Li-CMV belonged to CMV subgroup I. A full-length CDNA copy of RNA3 for the virus was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The RNA3 of Li-CMV was 2, 232 nucleotides long, and consisted of two open reading frames of 843 and 657 bases encoding 3a protein (movement protein) and coat protein, respectively. Results of this study indicate that Li-CMV is a novel strain and belongs to subgroup I of CMV in the genus Cucumovirus.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.76-83
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• 1999

This study was carried to investigate optimum conditions of charcoal added paper in making cigarette filter for the removal of smoke contents of cigarettes. We investigated the physical properties of charcoal added paper according to the ratio of pulps, the amounts of characoal , the weight of sheets and crimping conditions in dry method, and then analyzed the smoke contents of cigarettes. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Sw-BKP was higher than Hw-BKP in methylene blue absorption by UV test. 2. Charcoal had an effect on stiffness for decreasing factor greatly , while the addition amounts of Sw-BKP and high weigth of sheets increased it, and the interaction of weight of sheets and charcoal was higher than other factors. 3. Tear index decreased by charcoal addition greatly, on the other hand high weight of sheets and Sw-BKP/Hw-BKP ratio increased ter, and the interaction of pulps and chacoal acted on major factors. 4. We estimated crimp index with sensory evaluation , and charcoal hand an effect on decreasing factor in crimping greatly, while the interaction of weight of sheets and pulp ratio was higher than others. 5. In the case of charcoal added paper filter, tar removal efficiency of smoke contents was higher but about 6% than cigarette filter. Especially vapour phase(aldehyde) in smoke contents was removed greatly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.389-397
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• 2019

As the usage of e-cigarettes and its effects on health harms receive attentions, the debate over regulating e-cigarette industry's' social media marketing has been heated. While the industry has aggressively employed social media marketing such as YouTube, little research has examined what kinds of e-cigarette information is delivered to Korean viewers through YouTube. This study investigated the presence of product-related information and health harm information in the videos, and the characteristics of YouTube creators. The proportion of female creators was smaller than male creators, but more than female smoking rates. The results showed that product-related information such as taste, design and convenience was mentioned more than half the videos, but health ham was mentioned less. Videos which mentioned convenience and design tended to not mention health harm. These results could be used to support the current regulation approach over e-cigarette YouTube marketing.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.188-191
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• 2014

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a disease characterized by an acute febrile onset, eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and a dramatic response to corticosteroids. Although many studies have reported a close relationship between direct cigarette smoking and AEP, few studies have identified an association between passive smoking and AEP. Here, we report a case of AEP in a 19-year-old female with cough, fever, and dyspnea after 4 weeks of intense exposure to secondhand smoke for 6 to 8 hours a day in an enclosed area.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of was paper is to do a conceptual analysis of the determination of local superior commodities using the location quotient technique and an analysis of the contribution of superior products to the regional economy. The results of determining superior commodities are used to determine regional product specialization and its contribution to the regional economy. Local superior commodities are dynamic and selected based on the potential to increase regional income. Research design, data, and methodology - This study used location quotient techniques and regional economic analysis with annual data rocks, production data in the agriculture, plantation, fishery and forestry sectors. Local superior commodities are calculated to contribute to regional economists. Result - The findings obtained showed the location quotient technique can determine local superior commodities and local superior commodities contributed positively to the regional economy. The test results were carried out in Jember Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Conclusion - The ass well main commodities of Jember Regency are tobacco. Tobacco commodities contribute positively to the regional economy, they were not significantly due to affected by the low of commodity prices in harvest. The low prices indicate the strength of the weak bargaining position of farmers towards the market.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.138-146
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• 2008

The chemical compositions, cell wall biopolymers and non-isothermal behavior of the stem biomass of Nicotiana Tabacum originated from tobacco industry were investigated in depth. On a weight basis, the contents of total ash and total sugar are 19.1% and 20.7% respectively. Lignin content was around 3% of tobacco stem biomass while pectin was over 7%. The holo-cellulose content in cell wall biopolymer was around 13% and the $\alpha$-cellulose constitutes 60% of the total holo-cellulose. The thermal behavior of stem biomass showed different patterns depending on either inert (nitrogen) or oxidizing (air) atmospheric condition. In the air atmosphere, the rapid thermal decompositions at around $473^{\circ}C$ and $581^{\circ}C$ were recorded as the peaks in DTG curve, while the peaks were not shown in the nitrogen atmosphere condition. The thermal analysis of the freeze dried soluble obtained from hot water extraction of tobacco stem biomass showed that the rapid thermal decomposition at around $581^{\circ}C$ in the air atmosphere was due to the residual char originated from the soluble fraction. The distinct difference in thermal decomposition between hemicellulose and cellulose were easily found in the DTG curve obtained in the nitrogen atmosphere.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1747-1753
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• 2013

Background: It is projected that low and middle-income countries will bear a major burden of tobacco related morbidity and mortality, yet, only limited information is available on the determinants of smoking initiation among youth in Africa. This study aimed to assess the determinants of smoking initiation and susceptibility to future smoking among a population of high school school students in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Baseline data from an intervention study designed to assess the effect of an anti-smoking awareness program on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents was analyzed. The survey was carried out in six randomly selected public and private secondary schools in local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 973 students completed self-administered questionnaires on smoking initiation, health related knowledge and attitudes towards smoking, susceptibility to future smoking and other factors associated with smoking. Results: Of the respondents, 9.7% had initiated smoking tobacco products with the predominant form being cigarettes (7.3%). Males (OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.65-4.66) and those with more pro-smoking attitudes (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.34-1.54) were more likely to have initiated smoking. Those with parents and friends who are smokers were 3.47 (95%CI: 1.50-8.05) and 2.26 (95%CI: 1.27-4.01) times more likely to have initiated smoking. Non-smoking students, in privately owned schools (OR: 5.08), with friends who smoke (5.09), with lower knowledge (OR: 0.87) and more pro-smoking attitudes (OR 1.13) were more susceptible to future smoking. In addition, respondents who had been sent to purchase cigarettes by an older adult (OR: 3.68) were also more susceptible to future smoking. Conclusions: Being male and having parents who smoke are predictors of smoking initiation among these students. Consistent with findings in other countries, peers not only influence smoking initiation but also influence smoking susceptibility among youth in this African setting. Prevention programs designed to reduce tobacco use among in-school youth should take these factors into consideration. In line with the recommendations of article 16 of the WHO FCTC, efforts to enforce the ban on the sales of cigarettes to minors should be also emphasised.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 1984

To compare the keeping quality of freeze and spray dried red ginseng extract powders(RGEPs) and commercial dehydrated tea products, particle sizes and initial moisture contents of these products were measured, and the relationships between crude fat contents and moisture contents and/or densities were studied. Particle sires of RGEPs and commercial dehydrated tea products were below 100 mesh, and particle sizes of freeze dried products were higher than those of spray dried products. Initial moisture contents of freeze and spray dried RGEPz were 3.587 and 4.56f, and those of frecze and spray dried coffees were 2.17% and 3.52%, respectively. Crude fat contents of tang and ssanghwa tea were 4.12% and 0.62%, and densities of tang and ssanghwa tea were 0.89 g/ml and 0.59 g/ml, respectively. Absorption rates o( tang and ssanghwa tea were the lowest among these products, it was considered because of crude fat contents of tang and ssanghwa tea were higher than these of the other products, and densities of tang and ssanghwa tea were higher than these of the other products. Notwithstanding absorption rates of RGEPs were lower than those of coffees, to maintain lower keeping quality of RGEPs than that of coffees, it was considered that HGEPs are not only lower to coffees in crude fat contents but also in densities. A sinificant relationships were found between keeping Quality and crude fat content and/or density.