• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.2365-2378
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• 2018

We investigated the correlation between vanadium surface density and VOx structure species in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by $NH_3$. The properties of the $VOx/TiO_2$ catalysts were investigated using physicochemical measurements, including BET, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FE-TEM, UV-visible DRS, $NH_3-TPD$, $H_2-TPR$, $O_2-On/Off$. Catalysts were prepared using the wet impregnation method by supporting 1.0-3.0 wt% vanadium on $TiO_2$ thermally treated at various calcination temperatures. Through the above analysis, we found that VOx surface density was $3.4VOx/nm^2$, and the optimal V loading amounts were 2.0-2.5 wt% and the specific surface area was $65-80m^2/g$. In addition, it was confirmed that the optimal VOx surface density and formation of vanadium structure species correlated with the reaction activity depending on the V loading amounts and the specific surface area size.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 악취가스 및 휘발성 유기 화합물을 산화 제거하기 위한 백금/티타니아를 허니컴 및 메탈폼 담체에 코팅하는 방법을 확인하였다. 다양한 방법 중 파우더 코팅과 나노 코팅에 대한 비교를 수행하였다. SEM/EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) 분석은 허니컴 및 메탈폼의 표면 상태 및 노출된 백금 성분비를 조사하는데 사용되었다. 또한, 촉매 코팅 방법에 따른 톨루엔, 트리메틸아민, 아이소프로필 알코올의 제거 성능을 비교하였다.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2021년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.318-321
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• 2021

최근 정보통신의 발달과 함께 인터넷에 접속하는 사용자 수와 그에 따른 비디오 데이터의 전송량이 늘어나는 추세이다. 이렇게 늘어나는 많은 비디오 데이터를 관리하고 분석하기 위해서 최근에는 딥 러닝 기법을 많이 활용하게 된다. 일반적으로 비디오 데이터에 딥 러닝 모델을 학습할 때 컴퓨터 자원의 한계로 인해 전체 비디오 프레임에서 균등한 간격 또는 무작위로 프레임을 선택하는 방법을 많이 사용한다. 하지만 학습에 사용되는 비디오 데이터는 항상 시간 축에 따라 같은 문맥을 담고 있는 Trimmed 비디오라고 가정할 수가 없다. 만약 같지 않은 문맥을 지닌 Untrimmed 비디오에서 균등한 간격 또는 무작위로 프레임을 선택해서 사용하게 된다면 비디오의 범주와 관련이 없는 프레임이 샘플링 될 가능성이 있기 때문에 모델의 학습 및 최적화에 전혀 도움이 되지 않는다. 이를 해결하기 위해 우리는 각 비디오 프레임에서 심층 특징을 추출하여 평균값을 계산하고 이와 각 추출된 심층특징들과 코사인 유사도를 계산해서 얻은 유사도 점수를 바탕으로 Untrimmed 비디오에서 의미 있는 비디오 프레임을 추출하는 기법을 제안한다. 그리고 Untrimmed 비디오로 구성된 데이터셋으로 유명한 ActivityNet 데이터셋에 대해서 대표적인 2가지 프레임 샘플링 방식(균등한 간격, 무작위)과 비교하여 우리가 제안하는 기법이 Untrimmed 비디오에서 효과적으로 비디오의 범주에 해당하는 의미 있는 프레임 추출이 가능함을 보일 것이다. 우리가 실험에 사용한 코드는 https://github.com/titania7777/VideoFrameSampler에서 확인할 수 있다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

TiO₂ is a versatile metal oxide material that is frequently used as a photo-catalyst for organic pollutant oxidation and a functional material for ultraviolet-ray protection. To improve its chemical/physical properties and widen the range of industrial application, it is demanded to control the crystalline feature and morphology precisely by applying advanced nano-synthesis methods. In this study, we prepared TiO₂ nanoparticles using the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion method and compared them with the particles synthesized by the conventional precipitation method. Also, we tried to find the optimum conditions for obtaining nano-sized, anatase-rich TiO₂ particles by the W/O microemulsion method. We analyzed the crystalline feature and particle size of the prepared samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In summary, we found the W/O microemulsion is more effective than precipitation in obtaining nano-sized TiO₂. The best result was derived when the microemulsion was formed using AOT surfactant, hydrolysis was performed under basic condition and the sample was calcined at 200℃.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

The synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch oil is the catalytic hydrogenation of CO to give a range of products, which can be used for the production of high-quality diesel fuel, gasoline and linear chemicals. Our cobalt based catalyst was prepared Co/alumina, silica and titania by the incipient wet impregnation of the nitrates of cobalt and promoter with supports. Cobalt catalysts was calcined at $350^{\circ}C$ before being loaded into the FT reactors. After the reduction of catalyst has been carried out under $450^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs, FT reaction of the catalyst has been carried out at GHSV of 4,000/hr under $200^{\circ}C$ and 20atm. From these test results, we have obtained the results as following ; in case of 12wt% Co-supported $Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2$ and $TiO_2$ catalysts, maximum activities of the catalysts were appeared at the promoters of Mn, Mo and Ce respectively. The activity of 12wt% $Co/Al_2O_3$ added a Mn promoter was about 3 times as high as that of 12wt% $Co/Al_2O_3$ catalyst without promoters. When it has been the experiment at the range of reaction temperature of $200{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ and GHSV of 1,546~5,000/hr, the results have shown generally increasing the activities with the increase of reaction temperature and GHSV.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.634-641
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• 2004

The photocatalytic performance of $TiO_2$ thin films coated on porous alumina balls using various aqueous $TiOCl_2$ solutions as starting precursors, to which 1.0 $mol\%$ transition metal ($Ni^{2+},\;Cr^{3+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Nb^{3+},\;and\;V^{5+}$) chlorides had been already added, has been investigated, together with characterizations for $TiO_2$ sols synthesized simultaneously in the same autoclave through hydrothermal method. The synthesized $TiO_2$ sols were all formed with an anatase phase, and their particle size was between several nm and 30 nm showing ${\zeta}-potential$ of $-25{\sim}-35$ mV, being maintained stable for over 6 months. However, the $TiO_2$ sol added with Cr had a much lower value of -potential and larger particle sizes. The coated $TiO_2$ thin films had almost the same shape and size as those of the sol. The pure $TiO_2$ sol showed the highest optical absorption in the ultraviolet light region, and other $TiO_2$ sols containing $Cr^{3+},\;Fe^{3+}\;and\;Ni^{2+}$ showed higher optical absorption than pure sol in the visible light region. According to the experiments for removal of a gas-phase benzene, the pure $TiO_2$ film showed the highest photo dissociation rate in the ultraviolet light region, but in artificial sunlight the photo dissociation rate of $TiO_2$ coated films containing $Cr^{3+},\;Fe^{3+}\;and\;Ni^{2+}$ was measured higher together with the increase of optical absorption by doping.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.29.1-29.1
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• 2011

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of $MnO_x$ with $NH_3$ is an effective method for the removal of $MnO_x$ from stationary system. The typical catalyst for this method is $V_2O_5-WO_3(MoO_3)/TiO_2$, caused by the high activity and stability. However, This catalyst is active within $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ and occurs the pore plugging from the deposition of ammonium sulfate salts on the catalysts surface. It needs to locate the SCR unit after the desulfurizer and electrostatic precipitator without reheating of the flue gas as well as deposition of dust on the catalyst. The manganese oxides supported on titania catalysts have attracted interest because of its high SCR activity at low temperature. The catalytic activity of $MnO_x/TiO_2$ SCR catalyst with different manganese precursors have investigated for low-temperature SCR in terms of structural, morphological, and physico-chemical analyses. The $MnO_x/TiO_2$ were prepared from three different precursors such as manganese nitrate, manganese acetate (II), and manganese acetate (III) by the sol-gel method and then it calcinated at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The structural analysis was carried out to identify the phase transition and the change intensity of catalytic activity by various manganese precursors was analyzed by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. These different precursors also led to various surface Mn concentrations indicated by SEM. The Mn acetate (III) tends to be more suppressive the crystalline phase (rutile), and it has not only smaller particle size, but also better distributed than the others. It was confirmed that the catalytic activity of MA (III)-$MnO_x/TiO_2$ was the highest among them.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2010

The use of an activated carbon (AC) system alone has the limitation that the pollutants are not eliminated but only transferred to another phase with the consumed AC becoming hazardous waste itself. Therefore, the present study investigated the feasibility of using a combined system of granular AC (GAC) with S-doped visible-light-induced $TiO_2$ (GAC/S-doped $TiO_2$) to clean monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) with concentrations at $\leq$ 3 mg $m^{-3}$, using a continuous air-flow reactor. This study conducted three different experiments: an adsorption test of pure GAC and GAC/S-doped $TiO_2$; a long-term adsorptional photocatalytic (AP) activity test of GAC/S-doped $TiO_2$; and an AP activity test of GAC/S-doped $TiO_2$ under different conditions. For the AP activity test, three parameters were evaluated: various weights of GAC/S-doped $TiO_2$ (0.9, 4.4, and 8.9 g); various flow rates (FRs) (0.5, 1 and 2 L $min^{-1}$); and various input concentrations (ICs) of the target MAHs (0.1, 1, 2 and 3 mg $m^{-3}$). The adsorption efficiencies were similar for the pure GAC and GAC/S-doped $TiO_2$ reactors, suggesting that S-doped $TiO_2$ particles on GAC surfaces do not significantly interfere with the adsorption capacity of GAC. Benzene exhibited a clear AP activity, whereas no other target MAHs did. In most cases, the AP efficiencies for the target MAHs did not significantly vary with an increase in weight, thereby suggesting that, under the weight range tested in this study, the weights or FRs are not important parameters for AP efficiency. However, ICs did influence the AP efficiencies.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

Studies on visible-light-driven photocatalysis of air pollutants at indoor air quality (IAQ) levels have been limited. Current study investigated visible-light derived photocatalysis with N-doped and S-doped titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) for the control of benzene at indoor levels. Two preparation processes were employed for each of the two types of photocatalyst: urea-Degussa P-25 $TiO_2$ and titania-colloid methods for the N-doped $TiO_2$; and titanium isopropoxid- and tetraisopropoxide-thiourea methods for the S-doped $TiO_2$. Furthermore, two coating methods (EDTA- and acetylacetone-dissolving methods) were tested for both the N-doped and S-doped $TiO_2$. The two coating methods exhibited different photocatalytic degradation efficiency for the N-doped photocatalysts, whereas they did not exhibit any difference for the S-doped photocatalysts. In addition, the two doping processes showed different photocatalytic degradation efficiency for both the S-doped and N-doped photocatalysts. For both the N-doped and S-doped $TiO_2$, the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency increased as the hydraulic diameter (HD) decreased. The degradation efficiency determined via a PCO system with visible-light induced $TiO_2$ was lower than that with UV-light induced unmodified $TiO_2$, which was obtained from previous studies. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that for the photocatalytic annular reactor with the HD of 0.5 cm, PCO efficiency increased up to 52% for the N-doped $TiO_2$ and 60% for the S-doped $TiO_2$. Consequently, when combined with the advantage of visible light use over UV light use, it is suggested that with appropriate HD conditions, the visible-light-assisted photocatalytic systems can also become an important tool for improving IAQ.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.487-492
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• 2019

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a typical inorganic material that has an excellent photocatalytic property and a high refractive index. It is used in water/air purifiers, solar cells, white pigments, refractory materials, semiconductors, etc.; its demand is continuously increasing. In this study, anatase and rutile phase titanium dioxide is prepared using hydroxyl and carboxyl; the titanium complex and its mechanism are investigated. As a result of analyzing the phase transition characteristics by a heat treatment temperature using a titanium complex having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, it is confirmed that the material properties were different from each other and that the anatase and rutile phase contents can be controlled. The titanium complexes prepared in this study show different characteristics from the titania-formation temperatures of the known anatase and rutile phases. It is inferred that this is due to the change of electrostatic adsorption behavior due to the complexing function of the oxygen sharing point, which crystals of the TiO₆ structure share.