• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.200-200
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• 2001

The matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) play important roles in metastasis and invasion in various cell types. An endogenous inhibitor of MMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 (TIMP-2), has high specificity for MMP-2. An imbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 causes the degradation of the extracellular matrix associated with pathological events including invasion and metastasis. Since TIMPs are secreted molecules, they have the potential to be used for gene therapy of certain tumors. (omitted)

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.827-836
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• 1999

Numerous persons complained dyspepsia even though no specific objective findings are revealed by imaging study, laboratory examinations and other clinical research. To find out of so many symptoms what they are, I would to approach by two ways. One way is oriental medical literatural study and the other is Helicobacter pylori infection that is accepted as one of most important causal factors of many gastric diseases. Background/Aims: Recently, the role of Helicobacter pylori as a causal factor in the etiology of gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, gastritis and low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma is well known. Using endoscopy, biopsy urease testing and histology are recommanded as the tests of choice. Serological test is not recommanded at the moment because of its low sensitivity and espicially low specificity. The urea breath test is more sensitive and specific noninvasive test than serologic test, but it is not widely available yet. Methods/Results: We studied 90 cases by diagnostic endoscopy as a screening test for the persons complaining gastrointestinal symptoms. As a result eighteen persons are revealed to be Helicoacter pylori infected histologicaly. Conclusion: More specific literatural studies are requied.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

The distribution and some properties of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were investigated in the midgut of the earthworm, Eisenia andrei. The ALP activity appeared to be highly polarized toward the luminal side of epithelium, with minor ALP activity in chloragogue tissue. The epithelial and chloragogeneous tissues contained approximately 85 and 15% of total intestinal ALP activity, respectively. The optimal temperature was approximately 37$^{circ}C$ and isoelectricpoint was estimated to be 4. The treatment of neuraminidase and PtdIns-PLC failed to change the migration rate of ALPs. Also, these ALPs appeared to have a wide range of substrate specificity. The relationship between the properties and physiological significances of the midgut ALPs in Eisenia andrei was discussed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-222
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• 1996

Ephedra olistachya cultures have been known to accumulate $rho-coumaroylamino$ acids by elicitor treatment. Based on their chemical structures, the biosynthetic pathway of$rho-coumaroylamino$acids was postulated and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (4-CH) and p-coumaroyl CoA: D-Ala p-coumaroyltransferase ($rho-CT$) were supposed to be involved in the pathway. The time course inductions of these enzymes were investigated after treatment of yeast extract, yeast-derived mannan glycopeptide and D-Ala. They were detectable at only 4 hours and reached to their maximum level at 9 hours after onset of elicitor treatment. The activities of PAL and 4-CH were almost disappeared within 24 hours, however, that of $rho-CT$was remained up to 48 hours irrespective of the kind of elicitors. $rho-CT$ showed substrate specificity to D-Ala at crude enzyme extract level.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 1991

A statistical analysis of the diagnostic value for 244 aspiration biopsy cytology(ABC) among a total 1,043 cases from various sites was performed. ABC, using diagnostic terminology similar to that of a surgical pathology reports, was compared to the final tissue diagnosis. For the entire series, a sensitivity of 91.8%, a specificity of 99.3%, a positive predictive value of 98.9%, a negative predictive value of 94,8%, and an efficacy of the test of 96.3% were shown. There were 8 false negative and 1 false positive diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.8%. Those results indicate that the ABC is a considerably highly accurate procedure that should be routinely employed.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2021

In cancer therapy, it is often desirable to use precision medicine that involves treatments of high specificity. One such treatment is the use of photo-triggered theranostic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles make it possible to visualize and treat tumors specifically in a controlled manner with a single injection. Several novel and powerful photo-triggered theranostic nanoparticles have been developed. These range from small organic dyes, semiconducting and biopolymers, to inorganic nanomaterials such as iron-oxide or gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and upconversion nanoparticles. Using photo-triggered theranostic nanoparticles and localized irradiation, complete tumor ablation can be achieved without causing significant toxicity to normal tissue. Given the great advances and promising future of theranostic nanoparticles, this review highlights the progress that has been made in the past couple of years, the current challenges faced and offers a future perspective.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2021

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapid, unenhanced imaging technique that measures the motion of water molecules within tissues and provides information regarding the cell density and tissue microstructure. DW MRI has demonstrated the potential to improve the specificity of breast MRI, facilitate the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and can be employed in unenhanced MRI screening. However, standardization of the acquisition and interpretation of DW MRI is challenging. Recently, the European Society of Breast Radiology issued a consensus statement, which described the acquisition parameters and interpretation of DW MRI. The current article describes the basic principles, standardized acquisition protocols and interpretation guidelines, and the clinical applications of DW MRI in breast imaging.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.783-790
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• 2007

Receptor binding plays an important role in determining host specificity of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry $\delta$-endotoxins. Mutations in domains II and III have suggested the participation of certain residues in receptor recognition and insect specificity. In the present study, we expressed the cloned domain II-III fragment of Cry4Ba and examined its binding characteristics to mosquito-larval midgut proteins. The 43-kDa Cry4Ba-domain II-III protein over-expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies was only soluble when carbonate buffer, pH 10.0 was supplemented with 4M urea. After renaturation via stepwise dialysis and subsequent purification, the refolded domain II-III protein, which specifically reacts with anti Cry4Ba-domain III monoclonal antibody, predominantly exists as a $\beta$-sheet structure determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. In vitro binding analysis to both histological midgut tissue sections and brush border membrane proteins prepared from susceptible Aedes aegypti mosquito-larvae revealed that the isolated Cry4Ba-domain II-III protein showed binding functionality comparable to the 65-kDa full-length active toxin. Altogether, the data present the 43-kDa Cry4Ba fragment comprising domains II and III that was produced in isolation was able to retain its receptor-binding characteristics to the target larval midgut proteins.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2013

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.491-495
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• 2016

Background: Small B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) is difficult to be distinguished from non-neoplastic reactive processes using conventional haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining due to different interpretations among pathologists with diagnosis based on morphologic features. Ancillary examinations such as immunohistochemical (IHC) staining are essential. However, negative or doubtful results are still sometimes obtained due to unsatisfactory tissue processing or IHC technique. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a molecular diagnostic technique is very sensitive and specific. Clonality detection of heavy chain immunoglobulin (IgH) gene rearrangement has been widely used to establish diagnosis of B-cell NHL. Aims: To elaborate interobserver variation in small B-cell NHL diagnosis based on morphologic features only and to confirm sensitivity and specificity of the PCR technique as an ancillary method. Materials and Methods: A toptal of 28 samples of small B cell NHL and suspicious lymphoma were interpreted by 3 pathologists in Sardjito General Hospital based on their morphology only. The reliability of assessment and the coefficient of interobserver agreement were calculated by Fleiss kappa statistics. Interpretation results were confirmed with IHC staining (CD20, CD3, Bcl2). PCR was performed to analyze the clonality of IgH gene rearrangement. Results: Interobserver agreement in morphologic evalution of small B cell NHL and chronic lymphadenitis revealed kappa coefficient 0.69 included in the substantial agreement category. The cases were divided into 3 groups based on morphology and IHC results; lymphoma, reactive process and undetermined group. PCR analysis showed 90% sensitivity and 60% specificity. Conclusions: The present study revealed a substantial agreement among pathologists in small B-cell NHL diagnosis. For difficult cases, PCR is useful as complementary method to morphologic and IHC examinations to establish definitive diagnosis.