• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.478-484
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• 2009

Three-dimensional porous scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering strategies. They provide a void volume in which vascularization, new tissue formation, and remodeling can occur. Like any grafted materials, the ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering should be biocompatible without causing an inflammatory response. It should also possess biodegradability, which provides a suitable three-dimensional environment for the cell function together with the capacity for gradual resorption and replacement by host bone tissue. Various scaffolds have already been developed for bone tissue engineering applications, including naturally derived materials, bioceramics, and synthetic polymers. The advantages of biodegradable synthetic polymers include the ability to tailor specific functions. The purpose of this study was to examine the osteogenic activity of periosteal-derived cells in a polydioxanone/pluronic F127 scaffold. Periosteal-derived cells were successfully differentiated into osteoblasts in the polydioxanone/pluronic F127 scaffold. ALP activity showed its peak level at 2 weeks of culture, followed by decreased activity during the culture period. Similar to biochemical data, the level of ALP mRNA in the periosteal-derived cells was also largely elevated at 2 weeks of culture. The level of osteocalcin mRNA was gradually increased during entire culture period. Calcium content was detactable at 1 week and increased in a time-dependent manner up to the entire duration of culture. Our results suggest that polydioxanone/pluronic F127 could be a suitable scaffold of periosteal-derived cells for bone tissue engineering.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2003

본 연구는 전십자인대가 단열된 개의 슬관절액에서 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 와 cathepsin K의 변화를 알아봄으로서 십자인대에 관련된 질병 또는 십자인대 치료 실패에 따른 퇴행성관절염의의 조기 진단 및 치료에 관한 정보를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험동물로는 전방십자인대가 단열된 30두의 개와 정상 성견 8 두 그리고 어린 정상 개 9두를 사용하였다. 슬관절액 내의 TRAP 과 Cathepsin K의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 조직화학 염색과 면역조직화학염색을 실시하였다. 조직학적인 검사 결과 정상견에서는 TRAP과 Cathepsin K 세포들은 찾아보기 힘들었으나 전방십자인대가 단열된 개에 있어서는 TRAP 과 Cathepsin K 그리고 chondroid metaplasia가 중심부분에서 증가되고 있음을 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 TRAP과 Cathepsin K 세포들은 전방십자인대가 단열 또는 단열 후 회복되는 과정에서 상호 보조적으로 관여하며 세포외 방출과 관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2002

Object: The present study was accomplished to obtain a gene expression profile of the luminal epithelium during embryo apposition in comparison of implantation (1M) and interimplantation (INTER) sites. Material and Method: The mouse uterine luminal epithelium from IM and INTER sites were sampled on day 4.5 (Day of vaginal plug = day 0.5) by Laser Captured Microdissection (LCM). RNA was extracted from LCM captured epithelium, amplified, labeled and hybridized to microarrays. Results from microarray hybridization were analyzed by Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) method. Differential expression of some genes was confirmed by LCM followed by RT-PCR. Results: Comparison of IM and INTER sites by SAM identified 73 genes most highly ranked at IM, while 13 genes at the INTER sites, within the estimated false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.163. Among 73 genes at IM, 20 were EST/unknown function, and the remain 53 were categorized to the structural, cell cycle, gene/protein expression, immune reaction, invasion, metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Of the 24 structural genes, 14 were related especially to extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling. Meanwhile, among 13 genes up-regulated at INTER, 8 genes were EST/unknown function, and the rest 5 were related to metabolism, signal transduction, and gene/protein expression. Among these 58 (53+5) genes with known functions, 13 genes (22.4%) were related with $Ca^{2+}$ for their function. Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that 1) active tissue remodeling is occurring at the IM sites during embryo apposition, 2) the INTER sites are relatively quiescent than IM sites, and 3) the $Ca^{2+}$ may be a crucial for apposition. Search for human homologue of those genes expressed in the mouse luminal epithelium during apposition will help to understand the implantation process and/or implantation failure in humans.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

심미적으로 중요한 전치부에서 단일치아 임플란트를 이용한 보철수복은 임상의에게 새로운 도전과제중의 하나가 되었다. 그러나 전치부에서 single-unit implant는 식립할 부위의 치조골 상태가 양호해야 하는데 치은연하 파절로 인해 치아 주위에 골 손실이 있는 경우 immediate implant는 심미적으로 문제를 야기 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 증례는 "orthodontic extrusive remodeling"을 통해 파절치와 주위 조직을 교정적으로 정출시켜 임플란트 식립을 위한 연조직과 경조직을 증대시킨 후 임플란트 식립을 통해 상악측절치에서 성공적 인 심미수복을 이룬 증례에 관한 것이다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the remodeling process of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat's resected condyle. This experiment was performed with male Sprague-Dawly strain rats weighing approximately 250 gm, which were rendered diabetic by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin(70㎎/㎏ body weight). After condylectomy, experimental rats were serially terminated on the 1st week, the 2nd week, the 3rd week, and the 4th week. The following termination, the mandibles were dissected out to make specimens. Each mandibular condyle was radiographed with Hitex HA-80(Hitex Co., Ltd. Japan). In addition to radiographic observation, the mandibular condyles, further decalcified and embedded in paraffin, were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome. They were observed with a light microscope and a polarizing microscope. The results were as follows. 1. Soft X-ray radiograms revealed proliferation of bone after 1 week in both groups. Irregularly repaired bones and dense trabeculae were clearly observed in experimental group. 2. The resected condyles were repaired by intramembraneous and endochondral bone formation in both groups. 3. Bone tissue repair was initiated from the adjacent margin of resected bone, and cartilaginous tissues were observed at the top of repaired bone in both groups. 4. The number of osteoblasts of experimental group was small, compared with control group. Each osteoblast was small and flat. The thin trabeculae were irregularly formed. 5. Collagens of bone were gradually matured in both groups, but the degree of maturation was lower in experimental group. 6. Fibrous tissues covered the upper parts of repaired bone were densely arranged in the both groups. Conclusively, atrophied osteoblasts, immature collagen of bone, and thin and irregular trabeculae which were characterized in the diabetes experimental group showed diabetes disturbed osteoblastic function and caused disturbance of remodeling process of bone.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2004

기존의 인공 심장 판막은 혈전 형성, 내구성, 세균 감염에 대한 저항력, 성장성 등에서 문제점을 가지고 있다 최근 이상적인 심장 판막을 개발하기 위한 노력으로 조직공학 기법을 이용하고 있다. 본 연구는 이종 판막을 지지체로 하여 이종 세포 제거 후 자가 세포를 파종한 조직공학 심장 판막을 개발하기 위하여 이종 세포 제거와 자가 세포 파종 방법을 비교하였고, 얻어진 심장 판막첨의 생체 적합성을 살펴보았다. 대상 및 방법: 이종 지지체로 두 마리의 돼지에서 각각 3개의 폐동맥 판막첨을 채취하여, Triton-X, freeze-thawing, NaCl-SDS 등 세 방법 중 하나로, 각각 두 개의 판막첨을 처리하고, 세포 제거 정도를 비교하였다. 염소의 경정맥에서 분리한 내피 세포를 배양하여, 상기한 방법 중 하나로 이종 세포가 제거된 돼지 판막첨에 파종한 후, 내피 세포의 보존 상해를 비교하였다. 생체 실험을 위해, 6마리 돼지에서 각각 2개의 폐동맥 판막첨을 채취해 이종 세포를 제거하였고, 6개의 판막첨은 염소의 내피 세포를 파종하고(이종-자가 이식편),다른 6개의 판막첨은 내피 세포를 파종않고(이종 이식편) 6마리 염소의 폐동맥 판막첨 두 개와 치환하였다. 치환되지 않은 하나의 판막첨을 대조군으로 비교하였다. 염소는 수술 6시간, 24시간, 1주일, 1개월, 3개월, 그리고 6개월 후 희생시키고 폐동맥 판막첨을 채취하여 분석하였다 걸과: Triton-X와 freeze-thawing 처리한 판막첨에서는 이종세포가 남아 있었으나, NaCl-SDS 처리한 판막첨에서는 세포가 완전히 제거되었고, 이종 세포 제거 후 파종한 자가 내피 세포도 NaCl-SDS 처리한 판막첨에서 다른 두 방법으로 처리한 판막첨에 비해 잘 보존되어 있었다. 6마리 염소는 혈색전증의 소견 없이 예정된 기간 동안 모두 생존하였으며, 희생 후 적출한 이종 이식편과 이종-자가 이식편 모두 대조군 보다 두꺼워져 있었다. 두 이식편 모두 24시간 후부터 섬유아세포의 증식이 관찰되었고, 1개월 후 세포의 개형(remodeling)과정을 볼 수 있었고, 3개월 후 세포 기능을 수행하였고, 6개월 후 대조군보다 세포수가 더 많이 증가하였다. 파종한 내피 세포는 잘 보존되어 있었고, 이종 이식편도 6개월 후에는 내피 세포가 피복 되어 있었다. 걸론: 이종 세포의 제거와 자가 세포의 파종에 가장 적합한 방법은 NaCl-SDS 처리였다 동물 실험에서 이종 이식편과 이종-자가 이식편 모두 6개월 간 지지체의 역할을 수행하면서, 자가 세포의 증식을 가능하게 하였고, 자가 조직으로 발전할 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.329-340
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• 2007

배경: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 차단은 심근경색 후 좌심실 확장에 대한 가능한 치료 전략으로 대두되고 있다. 선택적 MMP 차단제의 투여가 심근경색 후 초기 단계에 MMP가 대량으로 분비되는 짧은 기간을 차단하는 것이 좋을 것인지, 초기 전체 기간 동안 차단하여야 할 것인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 토끼를 이용하여 기관 삽관 하에 전신 마취를 하고 흉골 정중절개한 다음 좌전 하행지 관상동맥을 결찰하여 심근경색을 만들었다. 실험군은 3군으로 나누었다. 심근경색 단독(MI only 군)군은 7예, MMP 차단제 5일 투여군(MMPI 5d 군)은 6예, MMP 차단제 9일 투여군(MMPI 9d 군)은 5예이었다. MMP 차단제로는 MMP-2와 MMP-9에 대한 선택적 차단제인 CG2300을 사용하였다. 각 군은 심장초음파도 검사를 4회 시행하였는데, 술 전, 술 후 1주, 2주 및 3주에 하였다. 검사는 2D 심초음파도를 사용하여 EDD, ESD 및 EF를 측정하였다. 술 후 4주에 희생한 토끼의 심장을 western blotting과 zymography를 하여 MMP-2와 MMP-9의 단백질과 활성의 변화를 조사하였고, 경색부위를 병리학적 조직검사를 하였다. 결과: 심초음파도 검사상, MI only군에서는 대체로 술 전에 비하여 술 후 EDD와 ESD가 증가한 추세로 좌심실이 확장하였음을 알 수 있었다. MMP 차단제 9일 투여군에서는 심근경색 단독군과 MMP 차단제 5일 투여군에 비해 좌심실의 확장이 감소한 경향을 보였다. EF는 MMP 차단제 9일 투여군에서 술 후에 술 전과 큰 변동이 없었으며, 다른 군들보다 높은 경향이었다. MMP 단백질의 발현과 활성 변화를 보면, 심근경색 단독군, MMP 차단제 5일 및 9일 투여군 등 3군을 정상 심장군과 비교하였을 때 MMP-2 단백질 발현과 활성 변화는 일어나지 않았다. 그리고 MMP-9의 단백 발현 및 활성은 검출되지 않았다. 병리학적 조직 소견을 보면 심근경색 단독군에서 심한 교원질 침착이 있었다. MMP 차단제 5일 투여군과 9일 투여군에서는 교원질 축적이 감소된 경향을 보였다. MMP 9일 투여군에서는 모세혈관의 수가 증가한 것을 볼 수 있었다. 결론: 관상동맥을 결찰하여 심근경색을 유도하면 술 후 빠른 시간 내에 심실이 확장되며 MMP 차단제를 투여할 경우 심실의 확장이 완화됨을 알 수 있었다. MMP 차단제의 효과는 초기의 대부분 기간을 차단하는 것이 좋다고 생각된다. MMP 차단제가 혈관신생을 증가시켜 심실 재형성을 완화할 수 있는 것으로 분석된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

Purpose: Venous malformation(VM) which often causes pain and discomfort is the most common type of vascular malformations. Although it is presented with disfigured appearance and associated soft tissue or skeletal hypertrophy, the molecular bases of VMs are poorly understood. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs) of VMs were investigated to illuminate the molecular mechanism of the disease entity. Methods: Gene expressions of VM patients' subcutaneous tissue were studied in comparison with normal persons' by $GeneFishing^{TM}$ technique using the annealing control primers (ACPs) to identify DEGs. Candidate genes were sequenced and screened by basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) afterwards. Results: Among seventy DEGs identified, forty DEGs which had shown significantly different expression pattern were sequenced. Twenty eight out of 40 were up-regulated while 12 were down-regulated. BLAST searches revealed that 37 were known genes and 3 were unknown genes. Many genes were involved in the differentiation and remodeling of smooth muscle cells, opposed to the previous hypothesis that a lot of angiogenetic genes would be involved. Furthermore, several transcription factors and related genes, as well as cell signaling and metabolism regulators, were up regulated. Conclusion: It suggests that analysis of DEGs in VMs provide basic knowledge about its pathophysiology. and new therapeutic approaches.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.903-906
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• 2011

Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them, but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

The apoptotic process of gastric mucosa triggered by induction of proapoptotic gene expression, such as Bax. Stress-inducing factors may affect Bcl-2/Bax ratio and thus the rate of apoptosis through modulation of the expression of both proteins depending upon the experimental model. TGF-${\beta}$ is believed to be essential in wound healing for regulation of cell growth and differentiation and is known to be involved in tissue repair and remodeling. The polypeptide growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), regulate essential cell functions involved in tissue healing including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the oral administration of $Hwangyeon-tang$ (HYT) would have protect effects on gastric ulcer in rat. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups ; Normal, Saline, Cimetidine and HYT group. The saline, cimetidine and HYT extract were orally administrated to each group and gastric ulcer was induced with HCl/EtOH solution. After 1 hour, the stomachs were collected for histological observation and immunohistochemistry. In Results, the wound healing of gastric ulcer was promoted by HYT and the significant alterations of BAX/Bcl-2, TGF-${\beta}1$ and VEGF proteins in gastric mucosa were observed. These results suggest that Fritillaria ussuriensis extract promotes wound healing and has protective effects on gastric ulcer in rats.