• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of total polymer concentration on the chemical structure, morphology of pores, porosity, swelling ratio, degradation of gelatin-poly (vinyl alcohol) (Gel-PVA) cryogel scaffolds. Porous cryogels were prepared with cryogelation technique by using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Functional group composition of cryogels after crosslinking was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The morphology of cryogels was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and porosity analysis. All of the cryogels had a porous structure with an average pore size between $45.58{\pm}14.28$ and $50.14{\pm}4.26{\mu}m$. The cryogels were biodegradable and started to degrade in 14 days. As the polymer concentration increased the swelling ratio, the porosity and the degradation rate decreased. Spongy and mechanically stable Gel-PVA cryogels, with tunable properties, can be potential candidates as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to investigate changes m curve angle of Chinese cabbage blade during salting at various concentration(10, 15, 20, 25%) of salt to evaluated salting degree by curve angle during salting at 20$^{\circ}C$. Salt concentration of brine, the amount of water elution, salt penetration of the tissue(salt concentration of Chinese cabbage), weight loss and texture were investigated. Correlation relation between the above factors and curve angle were determined. The curve angles by method of holding the edge of the Chinese cabbage blade was measured. The curve angles of the mesophyll were proportional to salting time and salt concentration, but slope of line equation showed higher than that of mid-rib. The ideal method of salting evaluation by curve angle was MCA-MRC (the measuring curve angle of mid-rib C) at each concentration of salt. The results of curve angle when reached 3% salt of Chinese cabbage tissue calculated by MCA-MRC at 10, 15, 20 and 25% salting were 57$^{\circ}$, 43$^{\circ}$, 36$^{\circ}$, and 33$^{\circ}$, respectively. And salting times calculated by the same conditions were 19, 12.5, 9.1 and 4.4hours, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to evaluate a usefulness of serum SCC antigen in diagnosis or evaluation of therapeutic effect of lung cancer by investigation of the differences of SCC antigen concentration in lung mass according to TNM staging, and mass size of lung cancer. And the other aim was to know whether SCC antigen plays a role in infiltrative growth of lung cancer or not, comparing with concentration of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFr) in tissue which is related with growth and differentiation of tumor cell. The results of this study were as follows. The concentration of SCC antigen in squamous cell carcinoma of lung(69${\pm}$25ng/ml) was higher than in unaffected lung tissue(34${\pm}$7ng /ml).(p＜0.05). The concentration of SCC antigen was higher in squamous cell carcinoma (69${\pm}$25ng/ml) than in adenocarcinoma (35${\pm}$25ng/ml) (p＜0.05), but the concentration of EGFr showed no any significant difference in both histological types. In small sized mass(＜3cm in diameter) the concentration of SCC antigen in central portion of tumor was higher than that of peripheral portion, whereas in large sized mass($\geq$5cm in diameter), the concentration of SCC antigen in peripheral portion of tumor was higher than that of central portion.(p＜0.05). The concentration of EGFr according to tumor size was not significantly different in central and peripheral portion of tumor. The concentration of SCC antigen according to TNM staging of lung cancer was that from central portion was higher in stage I, II, but that from peripheral portion was higher in stage III, IV (p＜0.05). The concentration of EGFr from central portion was higher in higher TNM stage(not significant) but that from peripheral portion shows no significant changes. In conclusion, the concentration of SCC antigen in tissue was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in unaffected lung tissue or adenocarcinoma, and the concentration of SCC antigen increased according to tumor size or TNM staging like in serum level. so, serum SCC antigen is a useful tumor marker to diagnose or evaluate therapeutic effect of squamous cell carcinoma of lung. But further studies are necessary to confirm the relation of infiltrative growth in lung cancer and concentration of SCC antigen because there was a different pattern of regional tissue concentration of SCC antigen and EGFr

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2016

Total mercury (TM) is a hazardous element that is of particular concern to human health. Due to the diversity of dietary habits among fishes, tissue-specific analysis of hazardous elements is necessary. In this study, the tissue-specific TM in cultured fish was analyzed to conduct risk assessment. The highest concentrations of TM were found in the farmed marine fish Pagrus major (0.111 mg/kg) and in the farmed freshwater fish Channa argus (0.162 mg/kg). TM concentration was significantly correlated with total fish length (P<0.01). Significant differences in TM were found between three types of fish tissue, with the concentration in fish muscle being significantly higher than those of gill or liver (P<0.01). Moreover, the tissue-specific TM concentrations of farmed freshwater fish were significantly higher than those of farmed marine fish (P<0.01). According to the risk assessment, the TM body exposure rate of muscle and liver in cultured fishes ranged from 0.001 to 0.389% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. Therefore, these results showing the tissue-specific TM contents of cultured fish could be useful to assess the health risks of Korean dietary habits.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.109-115
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• 2001

This paper investigates the mechanical characteristics of angle-ply laminates with non-woven carbon tissue. The lami- nates were made by inserting non-woven carbon tissue at the interface. Specimens were rounded near the tabs by grinding and polishing to reduce the stress concentration. Cyclic loads were applied to the specimens and the stress and fatigue life curves were obtained. The matrix crack density was also evaluated to check the effects of non-woven carbon tissue on the fracture resistance of composite laminates. C-Sean technique was used to evaluate the delamination, and SEM was used to understand the fracture mechanisms of the laminates. Experimental results show that the fatigue strength and life of composite laminates were increased by inserting non- woven carbon tissues. The results also show that the matrix crack density and delamination area were reduced by inserting non-woven carbon tissues.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.291-299
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• 1997

In order to establish optimal dosage schedules and withdrawal times for sulfamethazine(SMZ) in pigs, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution experiments were conducted in pigs. For comparative purposes, tissue depletion kinetics are also studied in rats. From three pigs administered with SMZ i.v., the pharmacokinetic profile of SMZ in two pigs was adequately described by a one-compartment open model whereas that in one pig was patterned after a two-compartment open model. Volume of distribution(Vd) was 0.48~0.57 L/kg and biological half-life($t_{1/2}$) was 11.8-16.8 h. From three pigs dosed with SMZ p.o., pharmacokinetic profile was explainable with a one-compartment open model. Time to reach maximum SMZ concentration in serum (Tmax) was 2.8 h, 3.2 h and 7.5 h. Elimination half-life was 2.8-7.5 h. The descending order in concentration of SMZ was plsama > kidney > liver > lung > heart > pancreas > spleen > duodenum > ileum > brain > adipsoe tissue from three pigs sacrificed at 5h, 29h and 54h after the administration of SMZ, p.o.. The protein binding of SMZ in pigs was 55.2%($2.5{\mu}g/ml$), 71.5% ($5{\mu}g/kg$) and 71.5%($10{\mu}g/ml$). The mean systemic bioavailability (F) of SMZ p.o. was 49.1 %. Meanwhile the pharmacokinetic profile of SMZ in rats was adequately described by a one-compartment open model. Absorption of SMZ p.o. in the rat was very rapid. In conclusion, the oral optimal dosage regimen of SMZ for pigs was the initial dose of 45.7 mg/kg followed by the maintenance dose of 30.2 mg/kg for high specific pathogens to SMZ. The time to reach below the stipulated residual allowable concentration (0.1 ppm) was calculated 93 h after oral administration of 200 mg/kg recommended by manufactureres.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.125-142
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• 2007

calculus pharmacopuncture. Porcine skin including fat tissue after treated Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture by means of the dosage dependent variation are investigated the histologic changes after injection of these pharmacopuncture. Results: Following results were obtained from the preadipocyte proliferation and lipolysis of adipocyte and histologic investigation of fat tissue. 1. Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture showed the effect of decreased preadipocyte proliferation on the high dosage($1mg/m{\ell}$). 2. Fel ursi pharmacopuncture showed the effect of decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) on the high dosage($1mg/m{\ell}$) and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture significantly showed from $0.1mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. 3. Fel ursi pharmacopuncture was not showed the effect of lipolysis, but Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture was increased the effect of lipolysis in all concentration significantly. 4. Investigated the histological changes in porcine fat tissue after treated Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture, we knew that these pharmacopuncture was showed significant activity to the lysis of cell membranes in all concentration. Conclusion : These results suggest that Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture efficiently induces diminish proliferation of preadipocyte and lipolysis in adipose tissue.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 2006

A glucose clamp technique was used to investigate the effects of non-protein energy intake on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin for glucose metabolism in intact adults male goats. Three goats were fed diets at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times of ME for maintenance, each for 21 d. Crude protein intake was 1.5 times of maintenance requirement in each treatment. Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin were evaluated using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique with four levels of insulin infusion, beginning at 13 h after feeding. Concentrations of plasma metabolites and insulin were also measured at 3, 6 and 13 h after feeding, for evaluating effects of non-protein energy intake on the metabolic status of the animals. Increasing non-protein energy intake prevented an increase in plasma NEFA concentration at 13 h after feeding (p = 0.03). Plasma urea-nitrogen and total amino-nitrogen concentrations decreased (p<0.01) and increased (p = 0.03), respectively, with increasing non-protein energy intake across time relating to feeding. Plasma insulin concentration was unaffected (p = 0.43) by non-protein energy intake regardless of time relating to feeding. In the glucose clamp experiment, increasing non-protein energy intake decreased numerically (p = 0.12) the plasma insulin concentration at half-maximal glucose infusion rate (insulin sensitivity), but did not affect (p = 0.60) maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin). The present results suggest that an increase in non-protein energy intake may enhance insulin sensitivity for glucose metabolism, unlike responsiveness to insulin, in adult male goats. The possible enhancement in insulin sensitivity may play a role in establishing anabolic status in the body, when excess energy is supplied to the body.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to carry out treatment of various plant hormones in order to determine morphological and genetic variation degree of tissue-cultured strawberry. The cultivar used in this experiment was 'Goha' and 'Seolhyang', the plant hormones used for experiment were benzyladenine (BA), N-(2-Chloro-4 pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) and thidiazuron (TDZ), and the concentrations were 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, $4.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ with each hormone. The BA treatment of the proliferation efficiency of tissue-cultured strawberry 'Goha' and 'Seolhyang' was the highest. When processing BA, CPPU and TDZ, morphological variation and genetic variation happened in strawberry 'Goha' and 'Seolhyang', especially, the variations appeared highly in CPPU treatment. The genetic variation in 'Goha' appeared at the concentration more than BA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 1.1%, appeared at the concentration of CPPU $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 15.3%, and at the concentration of TDZ $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 1.2%. The genetic variation in 'Seolhyang' appeared at the concentration of BA $4.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 2.3%, and at the concentration of CPPU $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 14.3%. Therefore, CPPU should not be treated during strawberry tissue culture, and BA and TDZ should be treated at low concentration.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2009

Enrichment in nutrients coming from urban sewage outfalls can lead to eutrophication in coastal areas, which can also change the species composition and community structure of macro algal communities. We investigated the structure of the macro algal community within three rocky shores in order to assess any possible differences in their characteristics. Site 1 was located near Tongyeong city's sewage outfall, Site 2 was located near a public beach area, and Site 3 faced open channel of the Ocean. All three sites were located within the same stretch of the coast, where Site 2 was located between sites 1 and 3. We measured the nutrient concentration in water and the tissue nitrogen content in macro algae samples. Nutrients in the water column surrounding site 1 were high in ammonium ($30.2\pm1.8{\mu}M$), nitrate ($26.2{\pm}0.1{\mu}M$), and phosphate ($2.7{\pm}0.1{\mu}M$) content, and were characterized by low numbers of macroalgal species and species and a low species diversity index. In contrast, site 3 exhibited relatively low nutrient concentration levels and a high number of macroalgal species and a high species diversity index. Comparative analysis showed that the tissue nitrogen content of macroalgae were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the nutrient concentration in the water column. The tissue nitrogen content of green algae within site 1 was higher than the others sites. However, the tissue nitrogen content of brown algae was similar at all three sites. Thus, the tissue nitrogen content of macro algae and the macro algal community structure of intertidal rocky shores were dependent on location and the performance of macroalgal communities was dependent on water quality.