• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to conduct an in vitro comparative evaluation of polished and laser-dimpled titanium (Ti) surfaces to determine whether either surface has an advantage in promoting the attachment of epithelial-like cells and fibroblast to Ti. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty-eight coin-shaped samples of commercially pure, grade 4 Ti plates were used in this study. These discs were cleaned to a surface roughness (Ra: roughness centerline average) of 180 nm by polishing and were divided into three groups: SM (n=16) had no dimples and served as the control, SM15 (n=16) had $5-{\mu}m$ dimples at $10-{\mu}m$ intervals, and SM30 (n=16) had $5-{\mu}m$ dimples at $25-{\mu}m$ intervals in a $2{\times}4mm^2$ area at the center of the disc. Human gingival squamous cell carcinoma cells (YD-38) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were cultured and used in cell proliferation assays, adhesion assays, immunofluorescent staining of adhesion proteins, and morphological analysis by SEM. The data were analyzed statistically to determine the significance of differences. RESULTS. The adhesion strength of epithelial cells was higher on Ti surfaces with $5-{\mu}m$ laser dimples than on polished Ti surfaces, while the adhesion of fibroblasts was not significantly changed by laser treatment of implant surfaces. However, epithelial cells and fibroblasts around the laser dimples appeared larger and showed increased expression of adhesion proteins. CONCLUSION. These findings demonstrate that laser dimpling may contribute to improving the peri-implant soft tissue barrier. This study provided helpful information for developing the transmucosal surface of the abutment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2221-2224
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the relationship between expressions of cell adhesion molecules CD44 v6 and E-cadherin (E-cad) and lymphatic metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Eightyseven tissue samples obtained from patients with primary NSCLC were collected in our hospital from Dec., 2007 to Dec., 2012, and the expressions of CD44 v6 and E-cad gene proteins in these samples were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: In the tissue without lymphatic metastasis, the positive expression rate of CD44 v6 was significantly lower, whereas the normal expression rate of E-cad was notably higher than that with lymphatic metastasis (55.6% vs. 78.4%, 47.2% vs. 21.6%), and both differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). Besides, CD44 v6 and E-cad expressions had a significant correlation in the NSCLC tissue with lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusions: The positive expression of CD44 v6 and abnormal expression of E-cad may play a very important role in promoting lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC, with synergistic effect. Hence, detection of CD44 v6 and E-cad expressions is conductive to judging the lymphatic metastasis in NSCLC.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.531-536
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• 1998

We had previously reported that the protective effect of taurine against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury was due to its antioxidant effects, which inhibited lipid peroxidation and neutrophil activation. In this study, we examined the effect of taurine on reducing the inflammatory parameters of trintrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats. In order to induce IBD, ethanolic TNBS was given to rats intracolonically. Then they received 500 mg/kg.day of taurine orally and were sacrificed one week after IBD induction. While ulceration and inflammation of distal colon with formation of granuloma in the vehicle-treated IBD rats two days after administration of TNBS were observed, treatment with taurine ameliorated colonic damage and decreased the incidence of diarrhea and adhesion. also, colon weight as an index of tissue edema, which was mardedly increased in the IBD rats, became significantly lower after administration of TNBS were observed, treatment with taurine ameliorated colonic damage and decreased the incidence of diarrhea and adhesion. Also colon weitht as an index of tissue edema, which was markedly increased in the IBD rats, became significantly lower after taruine treatment. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the vehicle-treated IBD rats was substantially increased, compared with that of normal control. the taurine-treated animals significantly reduced MPO activity (35% lower) when compared with that of the vehicle-treated animals. Taurine treatment decreased both basal and formyl-methionyl leucyl phenylalanine-stimulated reactive oxygen generation from colonic tissue in the IBD rats. These results suggest that the administration of taurine reduce the inflammatory parameters in this IBD rat model by increasing defending capacity against oxidative damage.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

An in vitro cell study evaluating cell adhesion to hydroxyapatite (HA) coated prosthetic Ti-6Al-4V alloy via laser treatment is presented in comparison with uncoated alloy. Based on our previous in vitro biocompatibility study, which demonstrated higher cell attachment and proliferation with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells, the present investigation aims to reveal the effect of laser coating Ti alloy with HA on the adhesion strength of bone-forming cells against centrifugal forces. Remaining cells on different substrates after centrifugation were visualized using fluorescent staining. Semi-quantifications on the numbers of cells were conducted based on fluorescent images, which demonstrated higher numbers of cells retained on HA laser treated substrates post centrifugation. The results indicate potential increase in the normalized maximum force required to displace cells from HA coated surfaces versus uncoated control surface. The possible mechanisms that govern the enhancing effect were discussed, including surface roughness, chemistry, wettability, and protein adsorption. The improvement in cell adhesion through laser treatment with a biomimetic coating could be useful in reducing tissue damage at the prosthetic to bone junction and minimizing the loosening of prosthetics over time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.122.2-122.2
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• 2016

Surface topographical cues has been highlighted to control the fate of neural stem cells (NSCs). Herein we developed a hierarchically patterned substrate (HPS) platform for regulating NSC differentiation. The HPS induced cytoskeleton alignment and highly activated focal adhesion in hNSCs as indicated by enhanced expression of focal adhesion proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vinculin. hNSCs cultured on HPS exhibited enhanced neuronal differentiation compared to flat group. We also developed a graphene oxide (GO)-based hierarchically patterned substrates (GPS) that promote focal adhesion formation and neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. Enhanced focal adhesion and differentiation of hNSCs on the HPS was reversed by blocking the ${\beta}1$ integrin binding and mechanotransduction-associated signals including Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which may suggest a potential mechanism of beneficial effects of HPS. In addition, hNSCs on the HPS differentiated into functional neurons exhibiting sodium currents and action potentials as confirmed by whole cell patch-clamping analysis. The hierarchical topography can direct differentiation of NSCs towards functional neurons, and therefore would be an important element for the design of functional biomaterials for neural tissue regeneration applications.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.725-730
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• 2005

In the development of biomaterials as a substitute of hard tissues, the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the biomaterial are considered to be one of the most significant considerations. These biological properties of a material can be greatly improved by the modification of the surface properties by the depositing calcium phosphate thin films on the material since calcium phosphate films possess similar chemical compositions to hard tissues. The success of a material as a biomaterial will be determined by the interaction of the surface of the material with the adhesion molecules which induce cellular adhesion and biological responses of the adherent cells. Depending on the adsorption mechanisms and adsorbed conformation of the adhesion molecules on the surface of the biomaterial, cellular responses, such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, can be promoted or restricted. It has been reported that materials of which surfaces were modified with thin films of calcium phosphate appeared to be more osteoconductive. Rapid formations of bone nodule in addition to higher differentiations of osteoblast have been observed on the calcium phosphate thin films.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2008

Antioxidant and anti-rheumatoid activities of Cirsium japonicum leaf extract (CJLE) were investigated in this study. CJLE had similar DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power to ascorbic acid and several flavonoids. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory tissue-destructive disease, partly related with functions of hyaluronidases (HAases) and collgenases. CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) had approximately 60.7 and 31.9% inhibition of HAase and collagenase activity, respectively. Also, CJLE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a dose-dependent manner, and CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed approximately 70% of LPS-induced nitrite production effectively in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CJLE had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers to the basal level. Inhibitory effect of CJLE on the adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-a-upregulated expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. We expect that CJLE may alleviate the inflammatory process in rheumatoid synovium, and these findings will raise the possibility of the usage of C. japonicum as a traditional pharmaceutical of anti-rheumatoid arthritis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.199-204
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• 2013

Syntenin is an adaptor molecule containing 2 PDZ domains which mediate molecular interactions with diverse integral or cytoplasmic proteins. Most of the results on the biological function of syntenin were obtained from studies with malignant cells, necessitating exploration into the role of syntenin in normal cells. To understand its role in normal cells, we investigated expression and function of syntenin in human lymphoid tissue and cells in situ and in vitro. Syntenin expression was denser in the germinal center than in the extrafollicular area. Inside the germinal center, syntenin expression was obvious in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Flow cytometric analysis with isolated cells confirmed a weak expression of syntenin in T and B cells and a strong expression in FDCs. In FDC-like cells, HK cells, most syntenin proteins were found in the cytoplasm compared to weak expression in the nucleus. To study the function of syntenin in FDC, we examined its role in the focal adhesion of HK cells by depleting syntenin by siRNA technology. Knockdown of syntenin markedly impaired focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation in HK cells. These results suggest that syntenin may play an important role in normal physiology as well as in cancer pathology.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.52.1-52.11
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• 2020

Objectives: Yttria-stabilized tetragonal phase zirconia has been used as a dental restorative material for over a decade. While it is still the strongest and toughest ceramic, its translucency remains as a significant drawback. To overcome this, stabilizing the translucency zirconia to a significant cubic crystalline phase by increasing the yttria content to more than 8 mol% (8YTZP). However, the biocompatibility of a high amount of yttria is still an important topic that needs to be investigated. Materials and Methods: Commercially available 8YTZP plates were used. To enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, the surface of the 8YTZP is sequentially polished with a SiC-coated abrasive paper and surface coating with type I collagen. Fibroblast-like cells L929 used for cell adherence and cell proliferation analysis, and mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) used for cell differentiation analysis. Results: The results revealed that all samples, regardless of the surface treatment, are hydrophilic and showed a strong affinity for water. Even the cell culture results indicate that simple surface polishing and coating can affect cellular behavior by enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. Both L929 cells and BMSC were nicely adhered to and proliferated in all conditions. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the biocompatibility of the cubic phase zirconia with 8 mol% yttria and suggest that yttria with a higher zirconia content are not toxic to the cells, support a strong adhesion of cells on their surfaces, and promote cell proliferation and differentiation. All these confirm its potential use in tissue engineering.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1108-1125
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• 2024

Cultured meat is under investigation as an environmentally sustainable substitute for conventional animal-derived meat. Employing a scaffolding technique is one approach to developing cultured meat products. The objective of this research was to compare soy and pea protein in the production of hydrogel scaffolds intended for cultured meat. We examined the gelation process, physical characteristics, and the ability of scaffolds to facilitate cell adhesion using mesenchymal stem cells derived from porcine adipose tissue (ADSCs). The combination of soy and pea proteins with agarose and agar powders was found to generate solid hydrogels with a porous structure. Soy protein-based scaffolds exhibited a higher water absorption rate, whereas scaffolds containing agarose had a higher compressive strength. Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, the number of hydrophobic interactions increased between proteins and polysaccharides in the scaffolds containing pea proteins. All scaffolds were nontoxic toward ADSCs, and soy protein-based scaffolds displayed higher cell adhesion and proliferation properties. Overall, the soy protein-agarose scaffold was found to be optimal for cultured meat production.