• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제11권3_4호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1996

To elucidate the fatal blood concentration of paraquat (Gramoxone), a contact herbicide, we investigated blood concentration of paraquat in 91 cases of paraquat intoxication. The blood paraquat concentration of 91 cases due to ingestion of paraquat was 0.9 $\mu$g/ml-1023.5$\mu$g/ml and has been subdivided according to survival time. 48 of 91 cases were identified survival time. In 34 of 48 cases died within a day after ingestion of paraquat, blood paraquat concentration was ranged from 2.3-636.61$\mu$g/ml, and in 12 of 48 cases died 1-4 days after ingestion of paraquat, blood paraquat concentration was ranged from 0.9- 25.1 $\mu$g/ml.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2003

본 연구는 체외성숙된 돼지난포란을 액상정액으로 수정시 수정시간과 배양배지가 난포란의 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 정자농후정액 (30∼60 ml)을 채취하여 실온에서 2시간 정도 서서히 냉각시킨 후, 정액을 15 ml 튜브에 담아 800${\times}$g로 10분간 원심분리하였다. 상층액은 버리고 하부의 정자는 5 ml LEN 희석액으로 1${\times}$$10^{9}$ 전자/ml가 되도록 재희석하였다. 희석된 정액은 4$^{\circ}C$ 냉장고에 보존하였다. 미성숙 난모세포의 성숙에 사용된 배지는 26.19 mM sodium bicarbonate, 0.9 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml insulin, 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml vitamin B$_{12}$ , 25 mM HEPES, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml bovine apotransferrin, 150 $\mu$M cysteamine, 10 IU/ml PMSG, 10 IU/ml PMSG, 10 IU/ml EGF, 0.4% BSA, 75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml sodium penicillin G, 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml streptomycin sulfate그리고 10% pFF를 첨가한 TCM-199 배지였다. 22시간 성숙 배양한 후 난모세포는 cysteamine과 hormone들을 배제한 후 38.5$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ incubator에서 22시간 더 성숙시켰다. 성숙된 난모세포는 채취 후 2일간 4$^{\circ}C$에 보존된 액상정액으로 수정되었다. 난모세포는 500 $\mu$l mTBM 수정 배지에서 1${\times}$$10^{6}$ 정자/ml의 농도로 1, 3, 6 그리고 9시간 동안 수정시켰다. 그 후 난모세포는 500 $\mu$l NCSU-23, Hopes buffered NCSU-23, PZM-3 그리고 PZM-4 배양배지에 옮겨서 6, 48 그리고 144시간을 더 배양하였다. 정자침투율, 웅성전핵형성율 그리고 난모세포의 난할율은 6 및 9시간 수정시간에서 1 및 3시간 수정시간 보다 높았다. 6시간 수정시 배반포형성율 (33.6%)은 1, 3 그리고 9시간 수정시 배반포형성율 (11.4, 23.0 그리고 29.6%) 보다 높았다. 배반포의 평균세포수는 6, 9, 3 그리고 1시간 수정시 각각 32.9, 27.6, 26.3 그리고 24.4개 였다. 분할된 난모세포의 배반포형성율 그리고 배반포의 평균세포수는 NCSU-23, PZM-3 그리고 PZM-4 배양배지보다 HEPES buffered NCSU-23 배양배지가 우수하였다. 결론적으로 4$^{\circ}C$ 보존 돼지액상정액은 체외성숙된 돼지 난모세포의 체외수정에 사용될 수 있음이 입증되었다. 또한 체외성숙된 돼지 난모세포는 500 $\mu$l mTBM 수정배지에서 1${\times}$$10^{6}$ 정자/ml로 6시간 공배양시키는 것이 바람직하며, HEPES buffered NCSU-23 배양배지에서 배양하는 것이 좋다는 결과를 얻었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine on the onset and duration of ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blocks (BPB). Methods: Fifty-one ASA physical status I-II patients with elective forearm and hand surgery under axillary brachial plexus blocks were randomly allocated to receive 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine with 2 ml of isotonic saline (C group, n = 17), 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine with 2 ml (10 mg) of dexamethasone (D group, n = 17) or 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine with 2 ml ($100{\mu}g$) of dexmedetomidine (DM group, n = 17). A nerve stimulation technique with ultrasound was used in all patients. The onset time and duration of sensory blocks were assessed. Results: The duration of the sensory block was extended in group D and group DX compared with group C (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between group D and group DX. However, there were no significant differences in onset time in all three groups. Conclusions: Dexamethasone 10 mg and dexmedetomidine $100{\mu}g$ were equally effective in extending the duration of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided axillary BPB with nerve stimulation. However, neither drug has significantly effects the onset time.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1969

The mash of Takjoo, Korean flour wine, is fermented through two brewing processes ; the primary brewing process to saccharify and the main one to produce ethyl alcohol. The activities of acid proteinase (pH3), weak acid proteinase (pH 6), and alkaline proteinase (Ph 80 on the processes are determined with time by the Folin phenol method as a strength of casein digestion. Hydrogen ion concentration, the content of total organic acids, protein, free amino acids and oligopeptides, which effect the activities of proteinase, are also measured. The results are briefly summarized as follows : 1. In general, the activities of acid proteinase and weak acid proteinase in the mesh of primary brewing process are stronger than those in main brewing process. 2. The activities of acid proteinase are remarkably stronger than those of weak acid proteinase in both processes. It reveals that they decrease slowly through the fermentation. Activities of alkaline proteinase are weaker than others. 3. As the raw materials are mixtured, the total amount of organic acids is equivalent to 0.150 mg/ml acetic acid in the mesh of primary brewing process and 0.02 mg/ml acetic acid in the main one. They increase gradually with time. 4. Hydrogen ion concnetration shows 3.9 in the mesh of main brewing process and 3.28 in the primary one. They increase to the maximum in 60-72 hrs., and decrease since 108 hrs. 5. The content of crude protein shows 66.90mg/ml in the mesh of main brewing process, while shows 64.29mg/ml in the mesh of primary one. they decrease slowly with time. it seems that a small content of crude protein, as a substrate, converts into amino acids and soluble nitrogen compounds by proteinase. 6. The content of free amino acids and oligopeptides shows 0.36 mg/ml in the mesh of primary brewing process and 0.24mg/ml in the main brewing process. It is evident that the reason they increase continuously through the fermentation is the effect of proteinase. 7. According to the results, the strong activities of proteinase in primary brewing process has been derived from the decrease of hydrogen ion concentration due to the production of organic acids.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2011

Triterpenoid saponins 유도체인 OA와 UA가 치아우식증 원인균종의 하나인 Streptococcus downei의 표준균주(ATCC $33748^T$) 및 임상균주(4주)에 대하여, 액체배지희석법을 이용한 MIC값 측정 및 time-kill 분석법을 통한 살균작용 유무를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. S. downei ATCC $33748^T$ 및 S. downei 임상균주(4주)들의 OA 대한 MIC 값은 $8{\mu}g/ml$로 동일하였고, UA의 대한 MIC 값은 S. downei 표준균주와 임상균주 간에 차이가 있었다. 2. Time-kill 분석법을 실시한 결과 OA와 UA는 S. downei $33748^T$에 대하여 $2{\times}MIC$ (각각 $16{\mu}g/ml$과 $8{\mu}g/ml$) 이상의 농도에서 살균작용을 갖는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때, triterpenoid saponins 유도체인 OA와 UA는 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 중 최근에 사람의 구강 내 치면세균막에 서식하는 것으로 밝혀진 S. downei,에 대해 살균제로 작용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2024

본 논문은 딥러닝 모델이 포함된 TinyML(Tiny Machine Learning)를 초저전력 시스템에 탑재하여, 층간소음 문제를 실시간으로 처리하는 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법이 가능한 이유는 딥러닝 모델 경량화 기술로 인해 컴퓨팅 리소스가 작은 시스템도 자체적으로 추론을 수행 할 수 있기 때문이다. 기존에 층간소음 문제를 해결하기 위해 제시됐던 방법은 센서에서 수집한 데이터를 서버로 보내어 데이터를 분석한 후에 처리하는 방법 이었다. 하지만 이러한 중앙 처리 방법은 구축 비용이 비싸고 복잡하며, 실시간 처리가 어려운 문제가 있다. 이러한 한계점을 본 논문에서는 TinyML을 사용한 On-Sensor AI(Artificial Intelligent) 로 해결하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 방법은 시스템 설치가 간단하고 저비용 이면서 문제를 실시간적으로 처리할 수 있다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.405-409
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics such as semen volume, pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the semen collected from Korean Jindo dogs by the mothod of Digital manipulation of penis, and the effect of temperature and preservation time on motility of fresh semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from four male Korean Jindo dogs. The results obtained in this experiment were as follows : 1. Average semen volume per ejaculate, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the second fraction and the small volume of third fraction from the ejaculate were 3.29ml, 6.30, 96.70% and 1.64$\times$108 cells/ml, respectively. 2. Average semen volume per ejaculate, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the first fraction from the ejaculate were 1.16ml, 6.10, 6.67% and 5.07$\times$105cells/ml. Average semen volume per ejaculate, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the second fraction from the ejaculate were 2.30ml, 6.33, 97.66% and 1.92$\times$108cells/ml. Average semen volume per ejaculate, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the third fraction from the ejaculate were 3.24ml, 6.51, 93.33% and 3.13$\times$107cells/ml. 3. Motility of fresh semen during preservation were higher at 17$^{\circ}C$ than at 5$^{\circ}C$ or 36$^{\circ}C$. When preservation temeprature was 17$^{\circ}C$, motility were 95.75% at 1 h, 90.00% at 6 h, 84.25% at 12 h, 68.00% at 18 h, 36.25% at 24 h and 28.75% at 30 h, respectively.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권1호통권84호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

액체종균의 전배양 4일, 본 배양 6일 이하가 적합하였다. 톱밥종균을 사용한 대조구와 비교해 볼 때 YPD액체종균의 경우 배양일수는 $5{\sim}7$일 정도 배양이 빨랐고, 초발이 소요일수는 비슷하였으며 수량은 비슷하거나(배지수분 65%, 50ml 접종), 24%까지(배지수분 65%, 15ml) 증가하였다. PDB액체종균의 경우 배양일수는 비슷하거나(배지수분 55%, 15 ml 접종), $2{\sim}4$일 단축되었고(배지수분 65%, $15{\sim}50ml$ 접종), 초발이 소요일수는 비슷하였으며 수량성은 비슷하거나(배지수분 55%, 15ml 접종) 23%까지(배지수분 65%, 25 ml 접종) 증가하였다. 미강 추출액 액체종균의 경우 배양일수와 초발이 소요일수는 비슷하였고, 수량성은 3%(배지수분 55%, 15ml 접종)에서 38%(배지수분 55%, 50 ml 접종)까지 증가하였다. 참깨박 추출액 액체종균의 경우 균총 형성 숫자는 많았으나 배양일수와 초발이 소요일수는 모두 대조구보다 길어졌고, 수량성도 크게 감소되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2005

A rapid and quantitative real-time PCR was developed to target the invasion A (invA) gene of Salmonella spp. We developed quantitative standard curves based on plasmids containing the invA gene. Based on these curves, we detected Salmonella spp. in artificially contaminated buffered peptone water (BPW) and milk samples. We were able to determine the invA gene copy number per ml of food samples, with the minimum detection limit of $4.1{\times}10^{3}$ copies/ml of BPW and $3.3{\times}10^{3}$ copies/ml of milk. When applied directly to detect and quantify Salmonella spp. in BPW and milk, the present real-time PCR assay was as sensitive as the plate count method; however, copy numbers were one to two logs higher than the colony-forming units obtained by the plate count methods. In the present work, the real-time PCR assay was shown to significantly reduce the total time necessary for the detection of Salmonella spp. in foods and to provide an important model for other foodborne pathogens.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2000

$Nokyangbotang^{TM}$ (NYBT) is a kind of powerful food for health and have been drunk at a oral dose of 80 ml (99.5 mg) three times per day: It has not been well studied about the anti-fatigue and hepatoprotective activity. In this experiments, we evaluated pathophysiologically the effect of NYBT on swimming time in mouse and hepatoprotective activity in rats intoxicated with carbon-tetrachloride. NYBT was nontoxic in orally acute toxicity test ($LD_{50}$, 320 ml/60 kg): a nontoxic food in more four times of one-shoot dosage (80 ml) to human. Weight-loaded forced swimming test was carried out to measure the swimming time of mice with a 4% load of body weight in plastic cylinder (diameter $10{\;}cm{\;}{\times}{\;}height{\;}20{\;}cm$) on water bath at $25^{\circ}C$, and the anti-fatigue activity represented the ratio of swimming time of experimental group to that of control group. NYBT had dose-dependent anti-fatigue activity Mice administered NYBT at a dose of 320 ml/60 kg once daily for 5 days could swim about two times more than control. Hepatoprotective activities of NYBT were examined by the determination of malonedialdehyde (MDA) and pathological survey in liver and liver function test of rat intoxicated with $CCl_4$ at i.m. dose of 2 ml/kg once daily for 7days. NYBT decreased dose-dependently thiobarbituric acid reactive substance: Oral administration of NYBT at a dose of 20 ml/60 kg was $38.51{\;}{\pm}{\;}3.02$ nmol MDA/g of tissue, that of 80 ml/60 kg was $33.76{\;}{\pm}{\;} 1.84$ nmol MDA/g of tissue, and that of 320 ml/60 kg was $32.87{\;}{\pm}{\;}1.90$ nmol MDA/g of tissue as compared with control group ($43.61{\;}{\pm}{\;}2.85$ nmol MDA/g of tissue). All rats administered NYBT at a dose of 320 ml/60 kg were survival as compared with 40% survival of control animals, and GPT activity of rats administered NYBT at a dose of 80 ml/60 kg was decreased as compared with control. In histopathological survey, NYBT improved slightly the fatty changes of hepatocytes around centrilobular area. These results suggest that NYBT has anti-fatigue and hepatoprotective activity in rats and mice.