• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2523-2527
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• 2014

Background: Serum thyroglobulin detection plays an essential role during the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients treated with total/near total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level at the time of high dose $^{131}I$ ablation and risk of recurrence, using a three-level classification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) according to the ATA guidelines. Also we investigated the relationship between postoperative stimulated Tg at the time of ablation and DxWBS results at 8-10 months thereafter. Materials and Methods: Patients with radioiodine accumulation were regarded as scan positive (scan+). If there was no relevant pathological radioiodine accumulation or minimal local accumulation in the thyroid bed region, this were regarded as scan negative (scan-) at the time of DxWBS. We classified patients in 3 groups as low, intermediate and high risk group for assessment of risk of recurrence according to the revised ATA guidelines. Also, we divided patients into 3 groups based on the stimulated serum Tg levels at the time of $^{131}I$ ablation therapy. Groups 1-3 consisted of patients who had Tg levels of ${\leq}2ng/ml$, 2-10 ng/ml, and ${\geq}10ng/ml$, respectively. Results: A total of 221 consecutive patients were included. In the high risk group according to the ATA guideline, while 45.5% of demonstrated Scan(+) Tg(+), 27.3% of patients demonstrated Scan(-) Tg(-); in the intermediate group, the figures were 2.3% and 90.0% while in the low risk group, they were 0.6% and 96.4%. In 9 of 11 patients with metastases (81.8%), stimulated serum Tg level at the time of radioiodine ablation therapy was over 10, however in 1 patient (9.1%) it was <2ng/mL and in one patient it was 2-10ng/mL (p=0.005). Aggressive subtypes of DTC were found in 8 of 221 patients and serum Tg levels were ${\leq}2ng/ml$ in 4 of these 8. Conclusions: We conclude that TSH-stimulated serum thyroglobulin level at the time of ablation may not determine risk of recurrence. Therefore, DxWBS should be performed at 8-12 months after ablation therapy.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2012

This study introduces set-denoting time expressions in Korean, which can be divided into simple and complex types. It was found that while the simple type expressions are easily represented within ISO-TimeML, a time-expression markup language, some complex type set-denoting expressions are not. Therefore, this study analyzes the reason for these difficulties in representing complex type expressions, as well as suggests the introduction of @measure and @interpretation attributes in the TIMEX3 tag. The @measure attribute represents the time interval, and the @interpretation attribute is used to distinguish distributive readings from cumulative readings. Additionally this paper suggests that a mapping between these and other attributes are required in TLINK.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2014

한방에서 지혈 및 어혈 제거용으로 사용되고 있는 눈개승마는, 최근 약용 산채로 그 수요가 급증하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 눈개승마의 항혈전 활성을 평가하고자 눈개승마 지상부로부터 에탄올 추출물 및 이의 순차적 유기용매 분획물을 조제하여 이들의 혈액응고 저해활성 및 혈소판 응집저해 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 눈개승마의 에탄올 추출물(0.5 mg/ml)에서 1.4~2.3배의 우수한 TT, PT, aPTT 연장효과를 확인하였으며, 특히 내인성 혈액응고 인자 저해효과가 우수함을 확인하였다. 분획물에서는 ethylacetate 분획에서 가장 우수한 aPTT 연장효과를, butanol 분획에서는 혈액응고 촉진효과를 확인하였다. 혈소판 응집저해 활성평가의 경우, 눈개승마 에탄올 추출물은 임상에서 사용하는 항혈소판제인 아스피린에 필적하는 효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 butanol 분획은 0.25 mg/ml 농도에서 아스피린 0.5 mg/ml 에 해당하는 강력한 혈소판 응집저해능을 나타내었다. 상기의 에탄올 추출물과 활성 분획물들은 0.5 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성을 나타내지 않아, 눈개승마가 천연물 유래의 항혈전제로 개발 가능함을 확인하였으며, 특히 상기 활성분획들이 높은 함량의 total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total sugar를 포함함을 고려할 때, 활성물질의 정제시에는 더욱 강력한 항혈전 활성을 나타내리라 판단된다. 본 연구결과는 눈개승마의 항혈전 활성의 최초 보고이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2012

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) discriminate microbial pathogens and induce T-cell responses of appropriate effector phenotype accordingly. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in part, mediate this microbial recognition and differentiation while the development of T-cell effector functions critically depends on the release of Th1- or Th2- type cytokines. In the present study, buffalo PBMCs were stimulated under in vitro culture conditions by Bacillus subtilis cell wall petidoglycan, a TLR2 ligand, in a dose- and time- dependent manner. The expression of TLR2 as well as the subsequent differential induction of the Th1 and Th2 type cytokines was measured. Stimulation was analyzed across five doses of peptidoglycan ($10{\mu}g/ml$, $20{\mu}g/ml$, $30{\mu}g/ml$, $40{\mu}g/ml$ and $50{\mu}g/ml$) for 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h incubation periods. We observed the induction of TLR2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner and the peptidoglycan induced tolerance beyond $30{\mu}g/ml$ dose at all incubation periods. The correlation between peptidoglycan stimulation and TLR2 induction was found positive at all doses and for all incubation periods. Increased production of all the cytokines was observed at low doses for 3 h incubation, but the expression of IL-4 was relatively higher than IL-12 at the higher antigen doses, indicating tailoring towards Th2 response. At 12 h incubation, there was a pronounced decrease in IL-4 and IL-10 expression relative to IL-12 in a dose- dependent manner, indicating skewing to Th1 polarization. The expression of IL-12 was highest for all doses across all the incubation intervals at 24 h incubation, indicating Th1 polarization. The relative expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ was also higher while that of IL-4 and IL-10 showed a decrease. For 36 h incubation, at low doses, relative increase in the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was observed which decreased at higher doses, as did the expression of all other cytokines. The exhaustion of cytokine production at 36 h indicated that PBMCs became refractory to further stimulation. It can be concluded from this study that the cytokine response to sPGN initially was of Th2 type which skews, more pronouncedly, to Th1 type with time till the cells become refractory to further stimulation.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the short-term effects of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution on muscle fatigue and concentration of blood components especially in glucose and lactate dehydrogenase of the rats. Methods: The 4~6-week-old ICR rats are used in the study, and we administered the extract solution of Ginseng Radix Alba concentration of 1, 10, 100mg/0.3ml to each rats and water to another rats(control group) once a day for each 30 and 60 days. After 30 and 60 days. we measured the persistent time of swimming exercise test and the results of grip strength test. And we also examined the plasma concentration of glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase. Results: In swimming exercise test, the swimming time of the 1, 10, 100mg/0.3ml groups for 30 days and the 100mg/0.3ml group for 60 days significantly increased than control group. and we found that as the concentration increased, the swimming time was also increased for 30 and 60 days experiment. And in grip strength test, the grip strength of the 1, 10, 100mg/0.3ml groups for 30 days and the 10mg/0.3ml group for 60 days significantly increased than control group. and we found that as the concentration increased, the grip strength was also increased for 30 days experiment. Plasma concentration of lactate dehydrogenase was significantly increased in the 10mg/0.3ml group for 60 days than control group. And there was no significant differences between the control and the treatment group in the plasma concentration of glucose. Conclusion: This study show that Ginseng Radix Alba can increase the muscle strength and antifatigue effect.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.391-404
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• 1991

Three anticncer agents which are different in time or dosage dependence as well as in phase specificity, namely mitomycin and adriamycin from natural products, and widely different cancer cell lines_Four epidermoid carcinomas originated from larynx, cervix, skin and gut were used toghether with one osteosarcoma as the target cell of single and combined administration of anticancer drugs. Semiautomated tetrazolium dye assay(MTT) appears to offer an attractive option for chemosensitivity of head and neck cancers since it is a simple, valid and inexpensive method of assessing chemosensitivity for large samples in a short time. The results obtained form this study were as follows. 1. Good correlations were obtained with the results of the MTT test and those of $^3H$ thymidine uptake assay. 2. $LD_{50}$ values of HIST and St.Ca. which showed relatively high doubling time on adriamycin were $30{\mu}g/ml$ and $15{\mu}g/ml$ while those of HeLa, Hep-2 and KHOS/NP were $2.1{\mu}g/ml$, $4.8{\mu}g/ml$, and $6.8{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 3. The $LD_{50}$ value of 5-FU on five cancer cells were very high ranging from 15mg/ml to almost indefinite number, which means 5-FU is very resistant to epidermoid carcinomas or osteosarcoma examined in this study. 4. Mitomycin was relatively effective showing 80% cancer killing effect on HeLa, 70% on St. Ca. and 50% on Hep-2 at the high concentrations used. 5. Adriamycin was the most effective showing 90% cancer cell killing effect on KHOS/NP, 98% on HeLa, 80% both on Hep-2 and St. Ca. The least susceptible cancer cells toward adriamycin was HIST having only 55% cell killing effect at the high cincentration. 6. Combined therapy of adriamycin and 5-FU was more effective than single administration in all the cases examined. Most effective synergism was observed on St. Ca. at the low concentration, showing 21 times higher than each single administration.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.501-509
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• 2022

도토리 화분은 국내에서 가장 많이 생산되는 단일 화분으로, 민간에서는 지혈, 빈혈방지, 전립선염 치료 등에 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 식물 화분을 이용한 기능성 식의약품 소재 개발 가능성을 검토하고자, 도토리 화분의 에탄올 추출물의 극성별 유기용매 분획물을 제조하고 이의 성분 분석, 항산화, 항응고, 혈소판 응집 저해활성 및 활성 분획물의 적혈구 용혈 활성을 평가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 도토리 화분 에탄올 추출물 중 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 가장 높은 225.0 mg/g을 나타내었다. 상기 에틸아세테이트 분획은 DPPH, ABTS 및 nitrite에 대한 RC₅₀값이 각각 72.2, 27.7 및 62.6 ㎍/ml를 나타내어 강력한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 한편 도토리 화분의 항혈전 활성 평가를 위해 혈액응고저해 활성 평가 결과, 모든 분획물에서 5 mg/ml 농도까지 특이한 항응고 활성은 나타나지 않았다. 반면 혈소판 응집저해활성 평가 결과, 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물, 부탄올 분획물 및 물 잔류물에서 우수한 응집저해가 나타났으나, 헥산 분획물에서는 오히려 응집촉진 효과를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성 및 혈소판 응집 저해활성이 우수한 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 1 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구 용혈활성이 없었으며, UPLC/MS/MS 분석결과 rutin, isoquercitrin 및 astragalin이 주요 활성물질임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 이용한 새로운 항산화 및 항혈전제로 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.486-490
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• 2015

이차원 초음파는 심장 기능의 평가에 있어 널리 이용되어지고 있다. 심혈관계 질환의 진단을 위해서는 좌심실 내강의 영상화가 필수적이다. SonoVue$^{TM}$는 육불화황 가스로 안정화된 새로 나온 조영제이다. 현재 이 초음파 조영제를 이용하여 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 개에서 진단을 위한 가장 효율적인 용량에 대한 연구가 없었다. 이 연구의 목적은 SonoVue$^{TM}$ 조영제를 이용하여 좌심실 내강의 영상화에 있어 효율적인 용량을 찾는데 있다. 열 마리의 건강한 비글 성견을 실험에 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 조영제의 용량을 각 0.03 ml/kg, 0.05 ml/kg 그리고 0.1 ml/kg 으로 사용하여 각 용량에서의 좌심실 내강의 영상화 되는 시간을 비교하였다. 내강이 영상화되는 시간의 측정은 segmental score를 이용하였다. Segmental score법은 좌심실 내강을 6개의 가상의 구역으로 나누고 각 구역이 영상화되는 것을 수치화 하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 유의성이 있다고 할 수있는 segmental score가 5이상일 때의 시간을 측정하였다. 그리고 재연성의 평가를 위해 3명의 관찰자가 실험에 동참하였다. 측정치의 통계분석은 SPSS 14.0버전에서 일원배치 분산분석과 Scheffe 다중 비교를 이용하였다. 각 용량에서(0.03 ml/kg, 0.05 ml/kg, 0.1 ml/kg) 좌심실이 영상화 되는 평균 시간은 3.54초, 6.15초, 24.39초로 나타났다. 표준편차는 각 용량별 2.14124, 2.61205, 11.09802로 나타났다. 실험에 참여한 모든 동물에서 과민 반응, 심마진, 혈관 부종 등의 부작용이 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 소노뷰 조영제를 이용하여 좌심실 내강의 영상화시 가장 효율적인 조영제의 용량은 단위체중당 0.1 ml/kg이며, 이 용량에서 재연성 역시 가장 높았다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.513-520
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• 1993

Surgical treatment of aneurysm or dissection involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch still poses one of the most complicated technical and tactical challenges in surgery. The use of total circulatory arrest[TCA] with profound hypothermia in the surgical treatment of aneurysmal dissection involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch has been reported as popular surgical methods. However, the safe period of prolonged circulatory arrest with hypothermia remains controversial and ischemic damage to the central nervous system and uncontrollable perioperative bleeding have been the major problem. We have found profound hypothermic circulatory arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion via the superior vena cava to achieve cerebral protection. We experiment the aortic anastomosis in 7 adult mongrel dogs, using profound hypothermic circulatory arrest with continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion[RGCP] via superior vena cava. We also studied the extent of cerebral protection using above surgical methods, by gas analysis of retrograde cerebral perfusion blood and returned blood of aortic arch, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative electroencephalography and microscopic findings of brain tissue. The results were as follows: 1. The cooling time ranged from 15 minutes to 24 minutes[19.71$\pm$ 3.20 minutes] ; Aorta cross clamp time ranged from 70 minutes to 89 minutes[79.86 $\pm$ 7.54 minutes] ; Rewarming time ranged from 35 minutes to 47 minutes[42.86$\pm$ 4.30 minutes] ; The extracorporeal circulation time ranged from 118 minutes to 140 minutes[128.43$\pm$ 8.98 minutes] [Table 2]. 2. The oxygen content in the oxygenated blood after RGCP was 12.66$\pm$ 1.25 ml/dl. At 5 minutes after the initiation of RGCP, the oxygen content of returnedlood was 7.58$\pm$ 0.21 ml/dl, and at 15 minutes 7.35$\pm$ 0.17 ml/dl, at 30 minutes 7.20$\pm$ 0.19 ml/dl, at 60 minutes 6.63$\pm$ 0.14 ml/dl [Table 3]. 3. Intraoperative electroencephalographic finding revealed low amplitude potential during hypothermia, and no electrical impulse throughout the period of circulatory arrest and RGCP. Electrical activity appeared after reperfusion, and the electroencephalographic reading also recovered rapidly as body temperature returned to normal [Fig. 2]. 4. The microscopic finding of brain tissue showed widening of the interfibrillar spaces. But there was no evidence of tissue necrosis or hemorrhage [Fig. 3]. We concluded the retrograde cerebral perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest is a simplified technique that may have a excellent brain protection.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

토양중 tightly bound paraquat의 효과적인 추출방법을 모색코자 HCl 및 $H_2O_2$첨가 그리고, keldahl 분해장치를 이용하여 회수율 및 여과시간의 단축을 조사하였으며, ammonium chloride와 calcium chloride의 농도와 진탕 시간을 달리하여 loosely bound paraquat의 유출정도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 토양 50g에 70ml의 conc. HCl을 첨가하여 시간별로 진탕하고 여기에 진한 황산을 가하여 1시간동안 환류 추출한 결과, 60분간 진탕할때 기존의 추출방법에 비해 A토양은 1.15배 높은 96.7%의 회수율과 4.64배 단축된 14분의 여과 시간을, B토양은 1.09배 높은 84.0%의 회수율과 4.91배 단축된 11분의 여과시간을 나타냈다. 아울러, 이러한 결과는 회수율의 증가는 물론 여과시간의 단축, pH조정과정에서 과다한 NaOH사용을 통한 총용량의 증가 방지, 그리고 전체적인 실험시간의 단축을 꾀할 수 있었다. 2. HCl의 첨가에 의한 진탕과정 없이 $H_2O_2$만을 첨가하는 경우, $H_2O_2$ 30ml첨가하여 30분간의 환류 재추출하는 것이 적정 수준이었는데, 회수율은 증대하였으나 여과시간의 단축은 거의 없었다. 반면, 50ml의 $H_2O_2$ 첨가만으로도 회수율의 증대는 있었으나 실험의 위험성을 고려시 적절하지 못하다고 생각된다. 3. Kjeldahl 분해장치를 이용한 방법으로 회수율의 증대를 나타내는 경향은 있었으나, 반복간의 큰 오차를 나타내었으므로 추출방법으로 적합하지 못하다고 생각된다. 4. Loosely bound paraquat의 추출을 위해 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10M ammonium chloride와 calcium chloride를 이용하여 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24시간으로 진탕시간을 달리하여 분석한 결과, 시간, 농도, 추출액의 변화에도 불구하고 모든 처리구에서 paraquat은 검출한계 미만의 수준이었다.