• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.989-995
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• 1996

Excessive blood loss secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) may be encountered after open heart surgery and platelet dysfunction appears to be especially responsible for this problem. To evaluate the effect of low-dose aprotinin during hypothermic CPB on platelet aggregation, anticoagulation and clinical hemostasis,.40 patients undergoing valve replacement using hypothermic CPB procedures were randomized to give either a low dose aprotinin(2$\times$ 106 KIU in the CPB priming sol- ution, n=20) or a placebo(n=20). During postoperative 24 hours, blood and hemoglobin loss were lower in the aprotinin group (225.5 $\pm$ 121.9ml, and 11.3$\pm$2.4g) than the control group(572.2$\pm$)35.5ml and 26.3$\pm$9.8g)(P<0.01). The total blood and hemoglobin loss were lower in the aprotinin group (622.0$\pm$ 186m1 and 14.7$\pm$6.8g) than the con- trol group (102.1 $\pm$483.5ml and 39.7$\pm$ 16.4g) (P<0.01). The amonut of packed red cell needed decreased in the aprotinin group: 197.7$\pm$56.3ml vers s 651.2: 147.5ml (P<0.01). Hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts and fibrinogen checked at fixed times perioperatively did not differ between the two groups. Platelet aggregation was induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine and ristocetin before and after CPB. Maximum platelet aggregation was significantly reduced after CPB in control group (ranging from -31 % to -58% relative to prebypass values). Significant prolongation of activated clotting time(ACT) after 5 minute and 30 minute of hypothermic CPB were observed: 955.9 $\pm$35.1 and 967.5$\pm$32.7sec versus 743.8 $\pm$ 52.1 and 731.2: 54.6sec (P<0.01). There was no complication associated with aprotinin infusion. These results demonstrate that low-dose aprotinin significantly reduces blood loss and blood requirment and provides improved postoperative hemostasis which might be related to protection of platelet aggregation capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : Recently, many people suffering from voice change visit otolaryngologist. So, it is important to study vocal function in patients with glottic or laryngeal disease. Aerodynamic investigation is valuable information about the efficiency of the larynx in translating air pressure to acoustic signal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the aerodynamic data in patients with vocal polyp, compare this data with that of the normal Korean. Materials and Methods : In aerodynamic study, maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate, phonatory flow volume and subglottal pressure were tested by using Aerophone II voice function analyzer in 157 normal korean and 143 patients with vocal polyp, aged from 20 to 69 years randomly selected. Results and Conclusion : In vocal polyp, maximum phonation time was significantly decreased and mean air How rate was increased. Phonatory flow volume was significantly decreased and subglottic pressure was increased only in female with vocal polyp. These data will be served as basic data of evaluation after treatment and postoperative assessment of the patients with vocal polyp.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2014

Objectives PRAL (Prunus armniaca Linne Var) is a herbal formula in Oriental Medicine, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergenic properties. However, its mechanism of action and the cellular targets have not yet been found enough. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of PRAL on Th2 cytokines expression in MC/9 mast cells. Methods The effect of PRAL was analyzed by ELISA, Real-time PCR, Western blot in MC/9 mast cells. mRNA levels of GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ were analyzed with Real-time PCR. Levels of IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). NFAT, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results PRAL inhibited GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner. GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-5 mRNA expression were inhibited significantly in comparison to DNP-IgE control group at concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression were inhibited at concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. PRAL also inhibited the IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production significantly in comparison to DNP-IgE control group in a dose dependent manner. IL-13 production was inhibited at a concentration of 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ and MIP-$1{\alpha}$ was inhibited at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, 400 ${\mu}g/ml$. Western blot analysis of transcription factors involving Th2 cytokines expression revealed prominent decrease of the mast cell specific transcription factors including NFAT-1, c-Jun as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 but not NFAT-2 and c-Fos. Conclusion These results indicate that PRAL has the effect of suppressing Th2 cytokines production in the MC/9 mast cells. These data represent that PRAL potentiates therapeutic activities to the allergic disease by regulating Th2 cytokines in the MC/9 mast cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.163-166
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• 2004

To investigate the bacterial growth on granular activated carbon (GAC) for the purification of tap water, fixed bed columns with GAC were installed and operated at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 1 min$\pm$0.08 min. There was no bacterial breakthrough in the spring. However, the bacterial concentrations of effluent (($10^3$ CFU/ml) were higher than that of the influent ($10^2$ CFU/ml) after 10 day operation in summer. More bacteria were enumerated near the entering point of the tap water, while the bacterial activities were similar throughout the columns. Different bacterial species were detected on coal- and plant-based GAC, although the dominant genus was the same as Acinetobacter.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1971

Borrelina virus was inoculated into Hyphantrea cunea DRURY in the labolatory and in the field. The pathogenecity of Borrelina virus upon Bompyx mori L. and Dendrolinus spectabilis BUTLER, too, was examined with following results. 1) $10^8$/ml, $10^7$/ ml, $10^6$/ml concentration of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus was inoculated into the larvae of H.cunea at various ages. The corrected mortality of the larvae were 97.4%, 95.2%, 94.7% in the 3rd instar, and 88.6%, 73.6%, 62.5% in the 6th instar, respectively, with three different concentration of NPV. 2) The symptom of disease of the larvae appeared on 4days after inoculation and most of the larvae were dead within 18 days. 3) The youngest larvae treated with the highest concentration of NPV showed the highest mortality. With older larvae and lower concentriton treated, it appeared that the time needed for death grew longer, marking slower death curve. 4) When we sprayed NPV of $10^6$/ml concentration to H. cunea in the field, the mortality was 94.8% in the first year, 84.6% in the second year and 78.3% in third year. By this, we could admit the continuous effects of the pathogens for several years. 5) About the larvae of B. mori of 3rd and 5th instar and D.spectabilis of 3rd instar inoculated with $10^8$/ml concentration of inoclum, we could not see any pathogenic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.587-592
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• 2015

In this study, the electrification voltage of electrostatics for silicone rubber sample($4cm{\times}4cm{\times}0.103cm$) following immersion with contaminants of 2 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml for six hours has been measured in through the applied voltage of 10 kV DC at temperature of $80^{\circ}C{\sim}110^{\circ}C$, humidity of 50%~90%. The results of this study are as follows. In case the contaminants is constant, it found that the electrification voltage of electrostatic decreased with increasing temperature and humidity to $35^{\circ}C$, 90%. In case of 2 ml of contaminants concentration, it found that the electrification voltage of electrostatic decreased with increasing temperature and humidity to $35^{\circ}C$, 50%. In case of the sample at temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ and humidity of 50%, it found that the electrification voltage of electrostatic decreased with increasing contaminants to 10 ml.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3563-3579
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• 2021

Measured decay heat data of light water reactor (LWR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies are adopted to train machine learning (ML) models. The measured data is available for fuel assemblies irradiated in commercial reactors operated in the United States and Sweden. The data comes from calorimetric measurements of discharged pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assemblies. 91 and 171 measurements of PWR and BWR assembly decay heat data are used, respectively. Due to the small size of the measurement dataset, we propose: (i) to use the method of multiple runs (ii) to generate and use synthetic data, as large dataset which has similar statistical characteristics as the original dataset. Three ML models are developed based on Gaussian process (GP), support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NN), with four inputs including the fuel assembly averaged enrichment, assembly averaged burnup, initial heavy metal mass, and cooling time after discharge. The outcomes of this work are (i) development of ML models which predict LWR fuel assembly decay heat from the four inputs (ii) generation and application of synthetic data which improves the performance of the ML models (iii) uncertainty analysis of the ML models and their predictions.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.233-246
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• 2023

Accurate prediction of concrete compressive strength can minimize the need for extensive, time-consuming, and costly mixture optimization testing and analysis. This study attempts to enhance the prediction accuracy of compressive strength using stacking ensemble machine learning (ML) with feature engineering techniques. Seven alternative ML models of increasing complexity were implemented and compared, including linear regression, SVM, decision tree, multiple layer perceptron, random forest, Xgboost and Adaboost. To further improve the prediction accuracy, a ML pipeline was proposed in which the feature engineering technique was implemented, and a two-layer stacked model was developed. The k-fold cross-validation approach was employed to optimize model parameters and train the stacked model. The stacked model showed superior performance in predicting concrete compressive strength with a correlation of determination (R²) of 0.985. Feature (i.e., variable) importance was determined to demonstrate how useful the synthetic features are in prediction and provide better interpretability of the data and the model. The methodology in this study promotes a more thorough assessment of alternative ML algorithms and rather than focusing on any single ML model type for concrete compressive strength prediction.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

A stroke is a medical disease where a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causes damage to the brain. If the flow of blood and different nutrients to the brain is intermittent, symptoms may occur. Stroke is other reason for loss of life and widespread disorder. The prevalence of stroke is high in growing countries, with ischemic stroke being the high usual category. Many of the forewarning signs of stroke can be recognized the seriousness of a stroke can be reduced. Most of the earlier stroke detections and prediction models uses image examination tools like CT (Computed Tomography) scan or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) which are costly and difficult to use for actual-time recognition. Machine learning (ML) is a part of artificial intelligence (AI) that makes software applications to gain the exact accuracy to predict the end results not having to be directly involved to get the work done. In recent times ML algorithms have gained lot of attention due to their accurate results in medical fields. Hence in this work, Stroke disease identification system by using Machine Learning algorithm is presented. The ML algorithm used in this work is Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The result analysis of presented ML algorithm is compared with different ML algorithms. The performance of the presented approach is compared to find the better algorithm for stroke identification.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2009

Uncontrolled cell growth and increased cell proliferation are major features of cancer that are dependent on the stable structure and dynamics of the cytoskeleton. Since stable cytoskeleton structure and dynamics are partly regulated by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), many current studies focused on MLCK inhibition as a chemotherapeutic target. As a potent and selective MLCK inhibitor, ML-7 [1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1 H-hexahydro-1,4-diazapine hydrochloride] is a promising candidate for an anticancer agent, which would induce apoptosis as well as prevents invasion and metastasis in certain types of cancer cells. This study assessed cytotoxic effects of ML-7 against HL-60 cells and therapeutic efficacy of ML-7 as a potential antileukemia agent. Trypan-blue exclusion assays showed dose- and time- dependent decreases in ML-7 treated HL-60 cells (p<0.05). Comet assays revealed a significant increase in DNA damage in HL-60 cells after treatment with $40{\mu}M$ ML-7 for 2h. Sub-G1 fractions, analyzed by flow cytometry increased in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that ML-7 can induce apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells. ML-7 was selectively cytotoxic towards HL-60 cells; not affecting normal human lymphocytes. That selective effect makes it a promising potential anti-leukemia agent. In addition, anticancer efficacy of ML-7 in combination with flavonoids (genistein or quercetin) or anticancer drugs (cisplatin or Ara-C) against HL-60 cells was assessed. Combination of ML-7 with flavonoids increased the anti-cancer effect of ML-7 to a greater extent than combination with the anticancer drugs. This implies that ML-7 in combination with flavonoids could increase the efficacy of anticancer treatment, while avoiding side effects cansed by conventional anticancer drug-containing combination chemotherapy.