• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to compare the absorption fraction and extent of ketoprofen gels and a matrix typed ketoprofen plaster patch. 3g (90mg as ketoprofen) of the two gels whi ch has oleohydrogel or hydrogel as a base, respectively, and 3 pieces of plaster patches (90mg as ketoprofen) were, applied in the area of 210$cm^2$ on forearm in 12 volunteers by cross over design. Blood samples were collected serially up to 24 hours and the plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were analyzed by HPLC using flurbiprofen as an internal standard. The detection limit of the assay was 1ng/ml of ketoprofen in plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g. $AUC_{24hr}$, $AUMC_{24hr}$, MRT, Fraction Absorbed) were calculated from the plasma concentrations time data of each volunteer. The oleo-hydrogel showed significantly higher absorption fraction and extent of ketoprofen than the current hydrogel. The mean plasma concentrations of the oleo-hydrogel were increased to 98.46${\pm}$23.15ng/ml by 6 hour after application, and increased futher to 100.61${\pm}$18.65ng/ml at 24 hour. On the other hand, those of the hydrogel were increased 17.61${\pm}$18.65ng/ml at 5 hour to 34.68${\pm}$9.65ng/ml at 24 hour gradually. Therefore the plasma concentrations of oleo-hydrogel at each measured time were 3~7 times greater than those of the hydrogel with statistical significance. The $AUC_{24hr}$ (1797.26${\pm}$52.09ng.h/ml) of the oleo-hydrogel was 3.5 times greater (P<0.05) than that (516.17${\pm}$104.52ng.h/ml) of the hydrogel. The plaster patches showed higher bioavailability ($AUC_{24hr}$ 2877.37${\pm}$578.27ng.h/ml) than the olea-hydrogel ($AUC_{24hr}$ 1797.26${\pm}$52.09ng.h/ml) without statistical significance. But the absorption fraction of the oleo-hydrogel was rather higher than that of the plaster patches during the first 6 hours after administration. These results suggest that newly developed ketoprofen gel which is used oleo-hydrogel as a base would show excellent skin permeation on topical application for the corresponding clinical indications and could be absorbed as well as plaster patches.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2018

Maintainability indicates how easily a system can be restored to the normal state when a system failure occurs. Systems developed to have high maintainability can be competitive due to reduced maintenance time, workforce and resources. Quantification of the maintainability is possible in many ways, but only after prototype production or with historical data. As such, the graph theory and 3D model data have been used, but there are limitations in management efficiency and early use. To solve this problem, we studied the maintainability index of weapon systems using SysML-based modeling and simulation technique. A SysML structure diagram was generated to simultaneously model the system design and maintainability of system components by reflecting the maintainability attributes acquired from the system engineering tool. Then, a SysML parametric diagram was created to quantify the maintainability through simulation linked with MATLAB. As a result, an integrated model to account for system design and maintainability simultaneously has been presented. The model can be used from early design stages to identify components with low maintainability index. The design of such components can be changed to improve maintainability and thus to reduce the risks of cost overruns and time delays due to belated design changes.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2009

A phytochemical study on the flower of Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) using silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, led to the first time isolation of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (compound 1) and anhydrosophoradiol-3-acetate (compound 2). The structures of these compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses (IR, HRTOFMS and NMR). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extract, compound 1 and compound 2 were measured using the disc diffusion method. Ethyl acetate extract and compound 1 presented better results than compound 2. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract and compounds were found to be in the range of $16{\sim}128{\mu}g/ml$. The cytotoxicity ($LC_{50}$) against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina) were also evaluated and found to be 14.61 ${\mu}g/ml$ for ethyl acetate, 9.19 ${\mu}g/ml$ for compound 1 and 15.55 ${\mu}g/ml$ for compound 2.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 1996

The effect of Fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme on bacterial viruses P1 and Lambda, was investigated by the virus plaque assay. Fumonisin B1 inhibited the P1 viral multiplication in the concentration range from $100{\mu}g$/ml to $400{\mu}g$/ml. The inhibition was Fumonisin B1 concentration-dependent. Another bacterial virus Lambda multiplication was also inhibited by lower concentration of Fumonisin B1 ($10{\mu}g$/ml~$50{\mu}g$/ml). This inhibition was dependent on Fumonisin B1 and on virus-Fumonisin B1 reaction time. Sensitivity of bacteriophage Lambda to Fumonisin B1 was higher than that of P1 virus. Lambda vital DNA was treated in vitro with Fumonisin B1 at various concentration. Significant DNA fragmentation by Fumonisin 191 was observed in the agarose gel electrophoresis. Lambda viral DNA was partially digested even in the Fumonisin B1 $10{\mu}g$ and the level of its fragmentation was dependent on Fumonisin B1 amount up to $30{\mu}g$ per assay.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we present evidence that the Korean red ginseng extract shows the immunomodulatory activities during postoperative chemotherapy after curative surgery in patients with advanced colon cancer. We measured the circulating interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8)and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a immune modulator to evaluate the effect of Korean red ginseng. The mean preoperative value of IL-2 was similar in the non-RG group and the RG group (5.72 pg/ml versus 6.87 pg/ml, p>0.05). The mean value of IL-2 was compared with IL-2 from healthy control group, there was no significant difference (14.89 pg/ml versus 14.22 pg/ml, p>0.05). The mean preoperative value of IL-8 was higher in the non-RG group comparing with the RG group (30.92 pg/ml versus 36.25 pg/ml, p < 0.05). At postoperative 3 month, the mean values of IL-8 from non-RG and RG group down to 24.56 pg/ml and 21.46 pg/ml respectively. The IL-8 of RG group at 3 month showed no difference with that of HC group(21.46 pg/ml versus 16.31 pg/ml, p>0.05). The preoperative mean value of IL-10 of non-RG, RG and HC group was 11.56 pg/ml, 10.8 pg/ml, and 3.68 pg/ml respectively. At postoperative 3 month, the mean values of IL-10 from non-RG and RG group down to 8.45 pg/ml and 5.04 pg/ml respectively. In spite of decreasing IL-10 levels of both cancer Patients group with time, there was still significant difference with that of HC group (non-RG versus HC group, p=0.00, RC versus HC group, p=0.04). The results of this study suggest that the red ginseng extract may have some immunomodulatory properties associated with IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10 activity in patients with advanced colorectal cancer during postoperative chemotherapy. We think to need the further studies and a larger sample size to fully evaluate the antitumor effect of ginseng and need to establish this mechanism of action as well as identify the active components associated with antitumor activity and immunomodulation in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1990

These experiment were carried out ; (1) to investigate the changes of progesterone in plasma, whole milk and skim milk during oestrus cycle and pregnancy and ; (20) to evaluate a chemiluminescence Immunoassay(CIA) as an alternative method by measuring the progesterone concentration is skim milk by RIA and CIA. The results obtained in these experiments were summerized as follows ; 1. Plasma progesterone levels in non-pregnant Holstein during oestrus cycle were relatively low until day 8 after oestrus. And then, the progesterone level began to increase and reached a peak with 6.3ng/ml on day 14 and then declined repidly to 1.5ng/ml and 2.2ng/ml on day 18 and 20, respectively. 2. Whole milk progesterone level in pregnant Holstein increased from 1.0ng/ml on oestrus to 16.0ng/ml on day 8 and then remained from 11.0ng/ml on day 10 to 22.0ng/ml on day 22. 3. In non-pregnant Holstein, whole milk pregesterone lev디 was 1.5ng/ml on oestrus and began to increase rapidly from day 6 after oestrus and exhibited a ranged of levels, 17.8~20.0ng/ml from day 6 to day 16 after oestrus. 4. Skim milk progesterone levels in pregnant Holstein were a range of 130~490pg/ml at the time of estrus and began to increase continually till then showing constant levels ranging from 1300pg/ml on day 10 to 1650pg/ml on day 22. 5. In non-pregnant Holstein, skim milk progesterone level was 160pg/ml on oestrus and began to increase from 190pg/ml on day 2 after oestrus to day 8 and then keep constant levels ran ging from 1050 to 1300pg/ml from day 8 to day 16 and then decreased to 240~450pg/ml from day 18 to day 22 after oestrus. 6. The results obtained from CIA for the analysis of skim milk progesterone were in good agreement with the values derived by RIA.(r=0.914)

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the occurrences and succession patterns of harmful cyanobacteria, as well as environmental factors, during a 3-year period (September 2012 to August 2015) in the upper region of the Nakdong River around Sangju weir. A total of 27 cyanobacterial taxa were observed in this study, and classified into 26 species and 1 variety belonging to 11 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders. Cell density ranged from 24 to 42,001 cells/ml, with a geometric mean of 33 cells/ml, during the survey period. The dominant orders differed depending on the survey year; order Oscillatoriales in 2013, Chroococcales in 2014 and Nostocales in 2015. An Aphanizomenon bloom occurred in June 2015 at which time the highest cell density of 36,873 cells/ml was detected in the upper region of the Nakdong River, where as the Aphanizomenon spp. cell density (190-1,704 cells/ml) had been low prior to that time. An Aphanizomenon bloom also occurred at around the same time downstream in the Young River, a major inflow branch of the Nakdong River. The Aphanizomenon cell density along the Nakdong River increased markedly after joining of the YoungRiver, indicating that the Aphanizomenon bloom in the YoungRiver caused a bloom in the Nakdong River. Meteorological and environmental parameters, such as very low precipitation, higher water temperature, pH, and TP concentration, and lower TN/TP ratio, in May and June of 2015 than in 2013 and 2014 exerted marked effects on the Aphanizomenon bloom in June 2015 in the Young River.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.3494-3499
• /
• 2009

The stability of omeprazole in the aqueous solutions containing loxoprofen or Sodium bicarbonate was examined at room temperature. Loxoprofen or Sodium bicarbonate (60 mg) was added to omeprazole (600 ${\mu}g$/ml) solution to check the stability profile. Then, the solution was kept at room temperature for 80 hours. The concentration was assayed at each concentration by stability-indicating High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Aliquots of the solution were withdrawn at specified time intervals and assayed by chromatographic analysis for intact omeprazole. The relation between omeprazole concentration and peak area was linear from 5 to 160 ${\mu}g$/ml. The analysis method was precise with relative standard deviation (% RSD) no greater than 3.05 %. The remaining percentage-time curves revealed that omeprazole was degraded rapidly as functions of time and temperature following pseudo first-order kinetics. In conclusion, the stability of omeprazole was significantly affected by liquid solutions mixed with alkalizer (Sodium carbonate) or the NSAIDs (loxoprofen).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.205-218
• /
• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of anti-cancer and changes In immune response of Lonicerge Flos Herbal-acupuncture. Methods Experimental studies were evaluated through the anti-cancer and immune response activities such as, cell viability, BNA fragmentation, Apoptosis, survival time, pulmonary colonization, and productivity of interleukins & $interferon-{\gamma}$. In order to study the effects of anti-cancer and changes in immune response of Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture, the groups were divided into five groups ; Normal group(non treated group), Control A group(0.2ml Normal saline for oral administration), Control B group(administration of intramuscular injection with 0.2ml Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture solution), Acupuncture group(AT, administration of acupuncture at Chungbu(L1)), and Herbal-Acupuncture group(HAT, administration of Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture at Chungbu(L1)). Results : 1. Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture(>300mg/ml) could lead cancer cell to cell death. 2. Lonicerae Flos Herbal - acupuncture (40mg/ml) caused DNA cleavage. 3. Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture(400mg/ml) caused apoptosis in the cancer cell line. 4. In mouse survival time, all of experimental groups didn't show any significant compared to the control group. 5. In pulmonary colonization assay, Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group was less than Control A group at 7 days after induction of cancer. 6. In comparison Control A group, there was significant decrease of Interleukin-2 level in Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group. 7. In comparison Control group, there was decrease of Interleukin-4 level in the Acupuncture group. 8. In comparison Control group, there was decrease of Interleukin-10 level in the Acupuncture group. 9. In comparison Control group, there was significant increase of Interleukin-12 level in Acupuncture group and Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group. 10. In comparison Control group, there was significant increase of $Interferon-{\gamma}$ level in Acupuncture group. Conclusion : According to above mentioned results, Lonicerae Flos Herbal- acupuncture is expected to be effective for anticancer and improvement in immune response.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 개 체외성숙 난자를 안정적으로 생산하기 위하여 채취시기, 난구세포 부착 여부 및 배양액에 EGF와 호르몬을 첨가 후 배양했을 때 체외성숙율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 미성숙 난포란을 TCM-199 배양액에서 24, 45시간 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 각각 7.93%, 8.94%로서 48시간 배양했을 때 가장 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 2. 휴지기, 난포기, 황체기에 채취한 난소로부터 회수한 난자를 20 ng/ml의 EGF가 첨가된 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 14.3%로서 0, 10 ng/ml의 EGF 첨가군(3.1%, 7.5%)에 비해 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 3. 난구세포 부착 및 미부착 난자를 48시간 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 각각 18.8% 및 7.5%로서 난구세포 부착 난자가 미부착 난자보다 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 4. 난자의 체외성숙 배양 시 0.5 mg/ml FSH, 5 mg/ml LH, 1 mg/ml $E_2$와 FSH+LH, $FSH+LH+E_2$를 첨가한 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 각각 1.2%, 10.0%, 2.0%와 10.0%, 31.2%로서 호르몬의 병용처리군이 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 5. 난자의 체외성숙 배양 시 EGF와 FSH, LH, $E_2$ 및 EGF와 FSH+LH, $FSH+LH+E_2$를 첨가한 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 32.3%, 27.0%, 3.0%와 36.2%, 69.4%로서 EGF와 호르몬 병용 처리군이 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다.