• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the responsiveness of hypophysis and gonads to synthetic GnRH among prepubertal buffalo heifers at 12 months of age. Peripheral plasma FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone level were measured in blood samples collected at 1 hr before and up to 18 days subsequent to the administration of $200{\mu}g$ GnRH (n=6) or saline (n=6) in Murrah buffalo heifers. The pretreatment peripheral plasma FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone among GnRH treated heifers were $7.35{\pm}0.45ng/ml$, $1.08{\pm}0.3ng/ml$, $22.93{\pm}1.06pg/ml$ and $0.27{\pm}0.04ng/ml$ respectively. A quick elevation (p < 0.01) of FSH and LH within five min of GnRH administration was observed in all geifers. Although the peak FSH $(89.57{\pm}23.43ng/ml)$ and LH $(7.52{\pm}3.08ng/ml)$ reached by 10 min of GnRH administration, yet the animals differed both in terms of their amplitude response of FSH and LH release as well as in terms of time which animals took to exhiit maximum response to GnRH administration. The GnRH administration did not cause alteration in plasma estradiol and progesterone level. The present study suggests that the pituitary of 12 month buffalo heifers has capacity to synthesize and store of gonadotropin and have developed receptors for GnRH for a spike of gonadotropin release.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 2019

The paper attempts to document the application of relevant Machine Learning (ML) models on Yelp (a crowd-sourced local business review and social networking site) dataset to analyze, predict and recommend business. Strategically using two cloud platforms to minimize the effort and time required for this project. Seven machine learning algorithms in Azure ML of which four algorithms are implemented in Databricks Spark ML. The analyzed Yelp business dataset contained 70 business attributes for more than 350,000 registered business. Additionally, review tips and likes from 500,000 users have been processed for the project. A Recommendation Model is built to provide Yelp users with recommendations for business categories based on their previous business ratings, as well as the business ratings of other users. Classification Model is implemented to predict the popularity of the business as defining the popular business to have stars greater than 3 and unpopular business to have stars less than 3. Text Analysis model is developed by comparing two algorithms, uni-gram feature extraction and n-feature extraction in Azure ML studio and logistic regression model in Spark. Comparative conclusions have been made related to efficiency of Spark ML and Azure ML for these models.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.529-531
• /
• 2000

Giardia lamblia, a waterborne parasitic protozoa causing diarrhea and gastroenteritis, is transmitted to humans from untreated and treated water in the form of cysts. The ingestion of G. lamblia cysts is followed by the excystation of the cysts to trophozoites and subsequent colonization of the upper small intestine. In this study, the in vitro conditions for upper small intestine. In this study, the in vitro conditions for G. lamblia encystation were investigated to enhance the efficiency of cyst conversion and the resulting cyst density. The trophozoite of G. lamblia was cultivated to the late exponential growth phase, resulting in a high density of over $6{\times}10^7{\;}cells/ml$. The effects of pH, bile content, and induction time were evaluated; A cyst conversion of over 25% and 107 time were evaluated; A cyst conversion of over 25% and 107 cysts/ml were routinely obtained using the optimized encystation conditions including a slightly slkaline pH, 10 to 15 mg/ml of bile concentration, and 48-50 h of induction time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.292-296
• /
• 2006

Meat marination has been applied to improve product's physical and sensory attributes for years, but usually it is not intended to improve microbial quality of the product. Tumbling, which helps the distribution of marinade solution during processing, should enhance the action of antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the combined effects of nisin, tumbling and storage time on total microflora and psychrotrophs counts on poultry. A marinade that contained acetic acid (1%) and salt (3%) with pH adjusted to 4 was developed as a standardized marinade. Drumsticks were marinated with various nisin levels (0, 50, or 100 IU/ml) combined with tumbling (0, 10, or 20 min), and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. The total microflora and psychrotrophs counts of the samples were evaluated after 0, 2, 4, and 7 days of storage. The results indicated that at a given storage time, the samples tumbled for either 10 or 20 min had significantly (p<0.05) lower microbial counts when compared with the samples without the tumbling treatment. The microbial counts of the tumbled samples increased as storage time increased. Microbial counts significantly (p<0.05) decreased when more nisin was increased up to the level of 100 IU/ml. In conclusion, adding of nisin at the level of 50 IU/ml with tumbling for 10 min decreased the total microflora and psychrotrophs counts of the marinated chicken broiler drumsticks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.8C
• /
• pp.771-776
• /
• 2006

We present a suboptimum decoding method for space-time trellis codes, which include maximum $likelihood(ML)^{[1]}$ and principal ratio $combining(PRC)^{[2]}$, over quasi-static flat fading channels. In the proposed scheme, the receive antennas are divided into K groups and the PRC is applied to each group, showing a flexible performances between ML and PRC. When K is determined, we also propose the optimum grouping rules and performance index(PI), which simply anticipate the relative performances. Moreover the performances are also evaluated when receive antennas are correlated. Finally, Computer simulations corroborate those theoretical results.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.150-153
• /
• 2008

In the blind Maximum-likelihood (ML) detection for Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC), the problem of ambiguity in determining the symbols has been a great concern. A possible solution to this problem is to apply semi-blind ML detection, i.e. the blind ML decoding with pilot symbols or training sequence. In order to increase the performance, the number of pilot symbols or length of training sequence should be increased. Unfortunately, this leads to a significantly decrease in system spectral efficiency. This work presents an approach to resolve the aforementioned issue by introducing a new method for constructing transmitted information symbols, in which transmitting information symbols drawn form different modulation constellations. Therefore, the ambiguity can be easily eliminated. In addition, computer simulation is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed approach.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 1981

This study was carried out to investigate the relation between seepage losses and flow section area in earth canals. Totally 77 seepage measurement was gained by ponded method and the tested canals belong to the irrigation area of Farmland Improvement Association in each province, Korea. The results obtained from this study may be used as a reasonable criteria for the estimation of canal seepage losses in the design of irrigation systems. Obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Average seepage rates in each Soils is 14cm/day in ML, 6. 3cm/day in CL and 24.9 cm/day in SM. 2. Water depth and water surface width in eath canals have little influenced on the seepage rate, while the seepage losses was increased in proportion as the water surface width lengthens. 3. A formula of S=C.An defining a relationship between seepage losses and flow section was derieved as follows. ML:S=O. 35 VA 1.20 (m$^3$/day/m) CL:S=O. 13 VA 0.84 SM:s=O.67VA-1.56 4. The average seepage loss rates per 1km of canal are as followings. Measured Time ML CL SM 0-4 hrs 2.2% 0.6% 4.5% 4-2 4hrs 1.0% 0.15% 2.0% In above table we may obtain the following results. The first row is suitable for the canal having short delivery time of irrigation, while the second row for the canal having long delivery time.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1422-1427
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to develop effective antithrombotic agents from traditional herb extracts. Prunella vulgaris L. has been used traditionally as a medical resource in cancer therapy, as well as treatment of hypertension and inflammation, and as a diuretic. However, the effects of Prunella vulgaris on thrombosis and platelet activation have not been clearly understood. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of oriental medicinal herbs were investigated by evaluating the effect of the aqueous extract from Prunella vulgaris on the blood coagulation, platelet aggregation and fibrinolysis. Prunella vulgaris extracts showed effective anticoagulant activity in coagulation times such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). Prunella vulgaris also inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, evaluation of fibrinolytic activity showed that the Prunella vulgaris extracts have high solubility. From these results, it is suggested that Prunella vulgaris can be a potential candidate for anticoagulants and antiplatelets, as well as fibrinolytic agents.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.34 no.2 s.94
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2001

Total bacterial density was investigated in the main stream and tributaries of the Kyongan Stream and inlet parts of Paltang Reservoir from September 2000 to February 2001 by acridine orange direct count (AODC) method. Total bacterial number in the Kyongan Stream was mainly under influence of the effluent discharge of sewage wastewater treatment plant (SWTP) located in the upstream or downstream. Decreasing rate with water flowing distance (km) in the main stream is $0.13\;{\time}\;10^6$ cells/ml, and it was estimated to much accumulating quantity on the stream bed during transport to downstream. Average values of total bacterial number in September${\sim}$October, November and December${\sim}$February were range $1.74{\sim}3.10{\time}10^6$, $1.86{\sim}7.30{\time}10^6$ and $4.56{\sim}8.75{\time}10^6$cells/ml, respectively, and were high at low temperature than that of high temperature period. Total bacterial number was more abundant at below $10^{\circ}C$ with $2.1{\sim}3.0$ folds than at above $10^{\circ}C$. Water quality by total bacterial number was classify to eutrophic and the potential of wastewater treated effluent for the microbial contamination assessed to very high. The results of this study indicate that the management of point source, SWTP effluent, is urgent to mitigate bacterial impact of Paltang Reservoir as well as the Kyongan Stream.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 1990

The disposition of Brazilin including plasma concentration-time profiles, excretions via urine and bile, and plasma protein binding was investigated after intravenous or oral administration of radio labeled Brazilin ($^3H-Brazilin$) to male Wistar rats. The main pharmac:okinetic parameters were as follows; $t\;_{ 1/2}$, 13.71 hr; AUC, $53.38\;\mu\textrm{g}{\cdot}hr/ml$; AUMC, $1013.4I\;\mu\textrm{g}{\cdot}hr^2/ml$, MRT, 18.95 hr; Vss, 17778 mllkg and CL, 936.77 ml/hr.kg. The 2nd peak was found in the plasma concentration-time profiles indicating potential enterohepatic circulation. The enterohepatic circulation was supported by the bile excretion. After oral administration, about 64.4 % of administered radioactivity was excreted into the bile within 10 hours and its excretion rate reached maximum at 3 hours after administration. The Vss was extremely high, 17.8 l/kg indicating distribution of brazilin in most organs (tissues) with high concentration of brazilin in some organs. Brazilin was distributed into most of organs (spleen, adrenal, pancreas, kidney, thymus, lung, heart, liver, prostate, epididymus, testis, fat, muscle and done) except brain. High concentration of Brazilin was detected especially in liver, kidney, epididymus and testis. Approximately, 62.9% and 44.1% of the dose was excreted for intravenous and oral administration, respectively. About 80% of the dose eventually excreted into urine was excreted within 24 hr after dosing. Plasma protein binding of brazilin resulted in $40\;{\pm}\;4%$ by ultrafiltration method.