• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.2339-2345
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• 2020

Radiation imaging systems consisting of a large number of channels greatly benefit from multiplexing methods to reduce the number of channels with minimizing the system complexity and development cost. In conventional pixelated radiation detector modules, such as anger logic, is used to reduce a large number of channels that transmit signals to a data acquisition system. However, these methods have limitations of electrical noise and distortion at the detector edge. To solve these problems, a multiplexing concept using a digital signal encoding technique based on a time delay method for signals from detectors was developed in this study. The digital encoding multiplexing (DEM) method was developed based on the time-over-threshold (ToT) method to provide more information including the activation time, position, and energy in one-bit line. This is the major advantage of the DEM method as compared with the traditional ToT method providing only energy information. The energy was measured and calibrated by the ToT method. The energy resolution and coincidence time resolution were observed as 16% and 2.4 ns, respectively, with DEM. The position was successfully distributed on each channel. This study demonstrated the feasibility that DEM was useful to reduce the number of detector channels.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose Time-Division-Multiplexing Tertiary Offset Carrier (TDMTOC), a novel GNSS modulation based on Tertiary Offset Carrier (TOC) modulation. The TDMTOC modulation multiplexes two three-level signals (i.e., -1, 0, and 1) while crossing over time, and is a type of TOC modulation designed specifically for signal multiplexing. The proposed modulation generates TDMTOC subcarriers of two different phases by simply combining two Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) subcarriers by addition or subtraction. TDMTOC has better correlation and spectral properties than conventional BPSK, BOC, and MBOC modulation techniques, and has good power and spectral efficiency since it can multiplex signals without power loss similar to time division multiplexing. To prove this, we introduce the multiplexing process of TDMTOC, and compare TDMTOC with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), BOC, Composite BOC (CBOC), and Time Multiplexed BOC (TMBOC) that are currently serviced in GNSS by simulations of various aspects. Through the simulation results, we prove that TDMTOC has better correlation property than modulations currently used in GNSS, less intersystem interference due to its wide spectrum property, and robustness in multipath and noise channel environments.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 기술교육전문연구회
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• pp.54-57
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• 2003

This study proposes that the Phase Linearization Interpolation is higher efficency than the existed Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system in the Multipath channels time-varient. Also, it showed that time domain equalization is better than the existed frequency domain equalization about the calculation and efficency for clear Inter Carrier Interference of the doppler effect.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2018

In a spatially interlaced stereoscopic (SIS) three-dimensional (3D) display to be realized by providing the observer a part of left-eye/right-eye images, a loss of information can be perceived due to the un-shown part of each image. In order to resolve that problem, an improved SIS 3D display is proposed to deliver the images without loss of information to the observer using a time-multiplexing scheme. However, that time-multiplexing SIS also has a problem of luminance distortion when the desired luminance is not shown due to an insufficient response of the liquid crystal cell. In this paper, we propose a new method by optimizing the image data to show correct luminance with minimum distortion.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 UHDTV(Ultra HDTV)를 위한 MPEG-2 Transport Stream(TS)의 다중화 기법 및 다중화 SW 툴의 설계 및 구현에 대해서 기술한다. 대용량의 UHD 비디오를 처리하기 위해서는 당분간 병렬처리에 기반한 코덱 구현이 불가피하며 이로 인해 다수의 비디오 비트스트림 간의 동기화 및 다중화가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 4K(또는 8K) 해상도의 UHD 비디오가 4 개의 화면으로 분할되어 각각 H.264/AVC로 부호화되고, 2 개의 5.0 채널의 오디오가 AC-3로 부호화되는 병렬처리 기반의 UHDTV의 TS 다중화를 고려한다. H.264/AVC와 AC-3를 TS로 전송하기 위한 MPEG-2 시스템(Systems) 확장 규격을 반영한 PES 패킷화 및 TS 다중화 툴을 설계한다. 또한 T-STD(TS System Target Decoder)의 타이밍 모델을 만족하도록 T-STD에 정의된 버퍼들의 상태를 모니터링 하면서 다중화 스케쥴링을 수행하고, 한 TS 패킷의 전송 시간 단위로 H/W의 실시간 처리를 에뮬레이션(emulation)하도록 구현한다. UHDTV 다중화를 위해서 재다중화(Re-multiplexing)를 포함하는 UHD 재다중화와 단일 TS로 다중화하는 UHD 프로그램 다중화의 2 가지 구조를 구현하고 이들의 장단점에 대해서 고찰한다. 본 논문에서 설계 구현된 TS 다중화 툴은 상용 분석 툴 및 실시간 재생 툴을 이용하여 규격 및 타이밍의 적합성과 그 기능을 검증한다.

• 정보저장시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 정보저장시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

Because of the photorefractive recording dynamics, each newly recorded hologram partially erases all previously stored image. Thus achieving the desired diffraction efficiency profile for the entire sequence after all images have been recorded requires exposure time schedule. The often cited classical exposure-schedule model predicts a rising-exponential build-up and an exponential decay in An with an exposure time. However because we cannot directly measure the An, it's difficult to establish the relation of both. In this paper, we deduce the relation of diffraction efficiency and exposure time from experiment data and suggest an algorithm to make time schedule profile in angle/fractal multiplexing of holographic data storage. After that, we present simulated result with equal hologram diffraction efficiency for a sequence of 250 holograms recorded by angle/fractal multiplexing.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권10A호
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• pp.746-751
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 부분 중계기 협력 다중화 기술에서 중계기의 위치에 따른 최적의 시스템 용량을 얻기 위한 동적 최적 시간 할당 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 기법은 중계기 시스템의 전송 조건식을 추가함으로써 중계기의 유동적인 위치에 따라 최대의 시스템 용량을 가지도록 각 시간 구간의 길이를 최적화하였다. 전산 모의실험을 통해 균일하게 고정된 시간 할당을 가지는 기존의 부분 중계기 협력 다중화 기술에 비해 향상된 시스템 용량을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

Fractal/angle multiplexing is a $LiNBO_3$ crystal using a X-Y Galvano mirror, and the random access concept in fractal/angle multiplexing are discussed in this paper. First, the brief introduction of the designed holographic digital data storage system is presented. Then, the average access time concept for the storage system is newly defined, and the comparison of the average access time between the holographic storage and a conventional optical disk is performed. Second, the basic simulation and experiment to find the X-Y Galvano mirror dynamics are conducted. From this analysis, we find that the average access time in our HDDS which has 6 degree scan angle is about 5 msec. This result is very high performance when it compared with the average access time of a conventional optical disk. Finally, some recording results using fractal/angle multiplexing are presented, then, the relationship between bit error rate and angle mismatch for the each multiplexing are discussed.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제29A권8호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1992

This paper shows a new relational formula of multiplexing gain versus variable input bit rates useful for designing Nx1 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) multiplexer which mixes several asynchronous bit streams with different transmission rates. The relation between multiplexing gain and input bit stream speeds is derived from the occupied mean lenght(the width per unit time) of cells and the occupation probability of the number of cells at an arbitrary instant when the rates of the periodic cell strams change randomly. And the relation between multiplexing gain and variable bit rates from different number of input bit streams is analyzed accordingly. Under the condition of unlimited multiplexing speed, the more number of input bit streams increases, the bigger the multiplexing gain becomes. While for the case which restricts the multiplexing speed to a limited value, the multiplexing gain becomes smaller contrarily as the number of input bit streams continues too invrease beyond a boundary value. It is shown that for designing an ATM multiplexer according to the latter case, the combination of input bit streams should be determined such as its total bit rate is lower thean, but most apprpaximate to, the multiplexed output speed. Also the general formula evaluating the most significant parameters which should be needed to design the multiplexer is derived.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2010

대형 구조물의 넓은 영역에 분포된 변형률이나 온도를 모니터링하기 위하여 광섬유 FBG(fiber Bragg grating:브래그 격자) 탐촉자를 사용하는 광섬유 FBG 센서가 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 광섬유 한개의 라인에 다수의 FBG 탐촉자를 사용하기 위하여 시간 분할 다중화와 파장 분할 다중화를 복합화한 다중화 기술을 제안한다. 일반적으로 광섬유 FBG 센서는 기본적으로 파장 분할 다중화 방식으로 작동되므로 본 연구에서는 시간 분할 다중화에 대한 특성을 고찰한다. 광섬유에 직렬로 연결된 FBG 탐촉자들의 반사도에 따른 반사광의 세기와 그 위치를 이론적으로 계산하고 실험결과와 비교한다. 이론적인 계산에 따르면 5개의 FBG 탐촉자의 반사도를 적절하게 선정함에 의하여 한개의 광섬유 라인에 설치하여 각각의 FBG 탐촉자에서 되돌아오는 반사광의 세기를 균일하게 얻을 수 있음을 확인한다. 이러한 결과를 실험으로 확인하기 위하여 반사도가 13%, 16%, 25%, 40%, 80%인 FBG 탐촉자를 제작하고, 시간 영역에서 각각의 FBG 탐촉자에서 되돌아오는 반사 신호를 관찰한다. 실험 결과는 신호잡음의 영향으로 이론적인 결과와 차이가 있지만, 복합 다중화 기법의 사용 가능성을 증명하는 5개의 FBG 탐촉자의 반사 신호를 모두 보인다.