• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of two representative subway map design types, namely a diagram type and a geographical type using physiological metrics, performance metrics, and self-reported metrics, which are representative usability metrics. Background: Subway maps need to be designed in order for users to quickly search and recognize subway line information. Although most cities' subway maps currently use the diagram type designed by Henry Beck, New York City's subway map has recently been changed to the subway map type combined with the geographical type designed by Michael Hertz. However, not many studies on its efficiency are found, and the studies that are available mainly depend on questionnaire surveys or take on a subjective behavioral study type based on experts' experiences. In this regard, evaluation through a more objective method is needed. Method: This study employed usability metrics as a method to evaluate the efficiency of information search targeting the diagram type and geographical type subway maps used mostly as subway maps. To this end, physiological metrics obtained through eye tracking, task completion time, representative metric of task performance, and subjective evaluation metrics were used for the suitability evaluation of subway map designs. Results: In the result of gaze movement distance analysis, no significant difference was shown in the two design types in terms of a process finding a departure station from the starting point and a process finding a transfer station between the departure station and arrival station (destination). However, the gaze movement distance in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type. The analysis of task completion time showed a result similar to the gaze movement distance analysis result. Task completion time was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type, which is in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station. In other information search processes, no significant difference was shown. As a result of subjective evaluation metrics analysis, no significant difference was revealed in the two design types. Conclusion: An analysis on the two representative subway map design types was carried out via the adoption of usability metrics. As a result, although no significant difference was shown in some information search processes, it was revealed that information search was easier in the geographical type overall. Also, it was found that usability metrics can be effectively used to evaluate the design types of subway maps. Application: The study results can be used to set design direction to offer ease in information search on subway lines. The study also can be used as a method to evaluate a subway map's design type.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.593-599
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• 2018

P파와 S파의 도착시간 정보는 지진 발생위치 결정, 1차원 및 3차원 지하구조 등 지진학 연구 수행에 중요한 정보이다. 최근 지진관측소의 수가 비약적으로 증가함에 따라 관측망을 운영하면서 수동으로 지진파의 도착시간을 측정하는 것은 상당한 시간이 소요되는 일이 되었다. 본 연구에서는 진원요소에 대한 사전정보(지진 발생위치와 시간)를 확보할 수 있는 경우 Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)을 적용하여 추가의 관측소에서 국지지진의 P파와 S파의 도착시간을 자동측정하였다. 해당 방법을 경산(DAG2) 지진관측소에 기록된 자료에 적용한 후 수동 측정한 값과 자동 측정한 값을 비교한 결과 P파의 경우 95.1%, S파의 경우 93.7%가 0.1초 이하의 차이를 보이면서 결정되는 것을 확인하였다. 자동측정결과의 높은 정확성은 향후 고밀도 지진관측망 운영에 성공적으로 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.708-717
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• 2017

음원 추적은 지능형 CCTV, 화상회의시스템, 음성 명령 인식 등에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트강의시스템에 적합한 천정 부착형 직교배열 마이크로 음성 신호의 도착 시간차인 TDoA(Time Difference of Arrival)를 이용하는 실시간 음원추적 기법을 제안한다. TDoA를 위한 점 음원과 평행음원 모델을 분석하고, 3개의 선형배열마이크를 이용하여 상호 상관 방안을 제안하였다. 또한 직교축에 십자 배열된 5개의 마이크를 사용하여 전방위(omni-direction)에서 음원 추적이 가능함을 보였다. 무음구간을 제거하기 위하여 수신 에너지를 이용하였으며 상호상관을 부호로 연산하여 계산량을 줄이고 추정 결과에 미디언 필터(Median Filter)를 적용하여 안정도를 높였다. 제안된 시스템은 고속 MCU인 TMS320F379D와 MEMs마이크 모듈로 구현하여, 방향 검출 성능이 백색잡음이나 음악 등에 대해서는 0.5도, 음성에 대해서는 6.5도의 정밀도를 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4503-4508
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• 2010

전파 신호원의 방위를 정확하게 찾는 기술은 전자전에서 매우 중요하다. 전파 신호원의 방위를 찾기 위한 방위탐지 기술이 많이 연구되고 있으며, 최근에는 신호 도착시간차이(TDOA)를 이용하는 방위탐지 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. TDOA 기술은 두 개의 배열 안테나에 도달하는 신호의 도착시간차이를 이용하여 신호원의 방위을 도출하는 방식이며, 방위탐지 오차는 배열 안테나의 기준선 길이와 시간측정 분해능과 관련이 있다. 본 논문에서는 10m*10m의 제한된 공간에서 안테나 배치 방법과 이에 대한 방위탐지 오차를 분석하여 최적 안테나 배치 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제47권
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• pp.243-271
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• 2001

This study examines family relationship among North Korean migrant families in early adaptation (approximately, up to $5{\sim}6$ years after arrival in the South). Family cohesion, communication, power relationship, and conflicts and domestic violence among family members were examined by the perceptions of 67 male and female householders and their spouses. In the four areas of family relationship, the subjects have quite positive perceptions and shows no critically significant difference on the perceptions between before and after arrival. However, positive perception on family relationship gradually decreases as the length of time of in the South increases with linear or nonlinear patterns according to subcategories of family relationship. These findings suggest several social work practice implications in resettlement assistance for the North Korean migrant families.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1991

음부력을 갖는 유체가 소규모 저수지로 유입되어 일어나는 밀도류의 거동 및 순환이 차원해석과 수리실험을 이용하여 해석된다. 무차원침강점 및 밀도류전면속도, 밀도류전면이동거리, 머리 뒤의 밀도층내회석 등은 유입밀도후르드수, Fre의 영향을 받으며 밀도층의 두께, 흐름양상 및 저수지내 밀도의 변화는 밀도류전면이 하류단에 도달하여 반사되기 전과 후의 양상이 현저하게 다르다. 밀도층의 두께는 전자의 경우에는 Fre, 후자의 경우는 시간과 Fre의 영향을 받으며 이들은 지수식으로 표현할 수 있다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2017

Time of difference of arrival (TDOA) method using passive sonar sensor array has normally been used to estimate the location of a concealed moving target in underwater environment. Particle filter has been introduced for effective target estimation for non-Gaussian and nonlinear systems. In this paper, we propose a GPU-based acceleration of target position estimation using particle filter and propose efficient embedded system and software architecture. For the TDOA measurement from the passive sonar sensor, we use the generalized cross correlation phase transform (GCC-PHAT) method to obtain the correlation coefficient of the signal using FFT and we try to accelerate the calculation of GCC-PHAT based TDOA measurements using FFT with GPU CUDA. We also propose parallelization method of the target position estimation algorithm using the GPU CUDA to update the state of each particle for the target position estimation using the measured values. The target estimation algorithm was verified using Matlab and implemented using GPU CUDA. Then, we realized the proposed signal processing acceleration system using NVIDIA Jetson TX1 as the target board to analyze in terms of the execution time. The execution time of the algorithm is reduced by 55% to the CPU standalone-operation on the target board. Experiment results show that the proposed architecture is a feasible solution in terms of high-performance and area-efficient architecture.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a descriptive research to provide fundamental data in ensuring a high quality of nursing service needed by children's parent according to perception of uncertainty and care satisfaction of them between pediatric outpatient department and emergency room. Methods: For this study, 192 children's parents were questioned in a general hospital located in Busan from August 1 to 31. 2009. The collected data were scored by use of frequencies, $x^2$ test, t-test, AONVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient via SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: With the compare of characteristics related to children's parents visiting emergency room and pediatric outpatient department, there were statistically significant difference in relation and age of parent, main caregiver, cause of arrival, and waiting time from arrival to procedure. The perception of uncertainty for parent in the emergency room showed significant difference to outpatient department. In nursing service, the highest score was category of professional skill and technic. In addition, overall parents' perceptions on providing information showed lower than any other nursing service. Last but not least, a significant correlation indicated between the perception of uncertainty and satisfaction of nursing service. Conclusion: Efforts to improve parent satisfaction for nursing service are needed to decrease their perception of uncertainty. Providing information and communication by nurses are necessary to improve quality of nursing service.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.315-330
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• 2017

Halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originating from solar activities give rise to geomagnetic storms when they reach the Earth. Variations in the geomagnetic field during a geomagnetic storm can damage satellites, communication systems, electrical power grids, and power systems, and induce currents. Therefore, automated techniques for detecting and analyzing halo CMEs have been eliciting increasing attention for the monitoring and prediction of the space weather environment. In this study, we developed an algorithm to sense and detect halo CMEs using large angle and spectrometric coronagraph (LASCO) C3 coronagraph images from the solar and heliospheric observatory (SOHO) satellite. In addition, we developed an image processing technique to derive the morphological and dynamical characteristics of halo CMEs, namely, the source location, width, actual CME speed, and arrival time at a 21.5 solar radius. The proposed halo CME automatic analysis model was validated using a model of the past three halo CME events. As a result, a solar event that occurred at 03:38 UT on Mar. 23, 2014 was predicted to arrive at Earth at 23:00 UT on Mar. 25, whereas the actual arrival time was at 04:30 UT on Mar. 26, which is a difference of 5 hr and 30 min. In addition, a solar event that occurred at 12:55 UT on Apr. 18, 2014 was estimated to arrive at Earth at 16:00 UT on Apr. 20, which is 4 hr ahead of the actual arrival time of 20:00 UT on the same day. However, the estimation error was reduced significantly compared to the ENLIL model. As a further study, the model will be applied to many more events for validation and testing, and after such tests are completed, on-line service will be provided at the Korean Space Weather Center to detect halo CMEs and derive the model parameters.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2007

휴대인터넷 상에서 위치기반 서비스를 가능케 하기 위해서는 우선, 무선측위 기술에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서 고려중인 무선 측위기술은 휴대인터넷의 기지국들과 단말기간의 상대적 거리 차이로 인하여 전송된 하향링크 신호들 간에 발생하는 신호도달 시간차 값들을 이용하여 단말기의 위치를 측정하는 삼변측위 방식의 TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival)이다. 이러한 TDOA기반 측위서버의 구조를 설계하기 위해 본 논문은 우선 휴대인터넷 상에서의 TDOA기반 무선 측위 기술에 대한 관련 연구 결과를 검토하고 이후 휴대인터넷 망 특성을 고려한 측위서버의 시스템 구조, 네트워크 인터페이스 그리고 휴대인터넷의 표준 규격을 활용한 측위 계산 모델을 제시한다. 측위서버 구현에 필요한 이러한 기술들에 대한 연구를 통해 저비용 고효율성을 보장하는 휴대인터넷용 측위서버를 구현 할 것으로 기대한다.