• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2009

The deposition behavior and structural and magnetic properties of electroless Co-B and Co-Fe-B deposits, as well as the amorphous ribbon substrates, were investigated. These Co-based alloy deposits exhibited characteristic polycrystalline structures and surface morphology and magnetic properties that were dependent on the type of amorphous substrates. The catalytic activity sequence of the amorphous ribbon electrodes for anodic oxidation of DMAB was estimated from the current density-potential curve in the anodic partial electrolytic bath that did not contain the metal ions. Both the deposition rate and potential in the initial region were obtained in order of the catalytic activity, depending on the alloy compositions of the substrates. The deposition rate linearly varied against the deposition time. The initial deposition potential may have also determined the structural and magnetic properties of the deposit based on the thickness of ${\mu}m$ order. Furthermore, a basic study of the electroless deposition processes on an amorphous ribbon substrate has been carried out in connection with the structural and magnetic properties of the deposits.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2018

본 연구는 잠재성장모형(LGM) 분석을 활용하여 후기 청소년기 삶의 만족도의 변화모형을 도출하고 자아존중감, 진로정체감과 학습활동, 성별, 가구소득이 청소년들의 삶의 만족도 변화에 미치는 영향을 연구하여 후기 청소년들의 삶의 만족도를 향상시키는 방안의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 연구대상들은 한국청소년패널조사(KYCPS)의 중1 패널 3차년부터 6차년도 자료를 활용했다. 연구분석 결과, 첫째, 중학교 3학년에서 고등학교 3학년까지의 삶의 만족도 변화모형은 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 2차 함수가 가장 적합한 모형으로 도출되었으며 초기치와 변화율 모두에 개인별 차가 유의미하게 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년 삶의 만족도변화에 영향을 주는 시간의존적인 독립변수로는 학습활동이 모든 학년마다 정적으로 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 드러났다. 셋째, 청소년들의 삶의 만족도변화에 영향을 미치는 시간독립적인 독립변수들로는 성별과 자아존중감이 초기치가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 자아존중감은 1차변화율과 2차 변화율에도 지속적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 연구결과에 따른 후기청소년 삶의 만족도에 대한 개입과 함께 실천적 함의에 대한 제안과 과제가 제시되었다.

• 복식
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• 제41권
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• pp.23-47
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• 1998

Ornaments is a province of the fashion. It usually express noble metals and jewel's adorn-ment as the symbol of status and riches for a long time. The ornament design of Jewels drawing project and a product by computer are increased development and as exertion as a realization of automation. Through the use of CAD software(Auto CAD R 13 & Jewel CAD) \circled1 A design development of the jewels in industrial society \circled2 A metals art & design on the dress and it's ornaments - Study about application of principle(liberal curve, arrangement of repeated form, gradual unity, rhythmical harmony) Although Auto CAD don't various expression of Jewels than a Jewel CAD, formative.scientific.funtional development of geometrical form is free. That is (to say), geometrical form is given much weigh in the general CAD, but Jewel CAD made concentrate software on the jewels design for the expression of liberal form. The CAD/CAM software for jewellery program is composed of main menu, icons, hotkeys. Changing form is derived from a definite point, curve elements of a drawing. \circled1 3-Dimensional \circled2 Easy and flexible \circled3 Bulit-in and self created library \circled4 From simple wire frame to full color images. As a CAD can practice all the creation activity effectively, from Design & Drafting Software to Rendering generally can present precise results. A point of view of the connection the scientist and art, this practicableness of CAD have a lot of possiblity of development. That will do much for the related fields of industry. Consequently, subjective intension of a creator & humanity with value plays role in practical application of the design.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2002

배경: 술후 심근경색(perioperative myocardial infarction;PMI)은 관상동맥 우회술 후 중요한 합병증 중 하나이다. PMI의 진단 방법 중 CK-MB 활성도(CK-MB activity) 측정보다 민감하고, 간단한 측정 방법을 가진 CK-MB 농도(CK-MB mass)의 측정으로 점차 대체되고 있다. 또한, cardiac troponin I(cTnl)는 심근경색의 표지자로 민감도와 특이도가 가장 높은 것으로 소개되고 있다. 본 연구는 관상동맥 우회술 후 심근경색의 표지자로서 CK-MB농도와 cTnl의 임상적 의의성에 대한 평가를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 4월부터 2001년 4월까지 강동성심병원에서 관상동맥 우회술을 받은 32명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 술후 CK-MB 활성도, CK-MB농도, cTnl, 심전도, 심초음파, 임상적 자료를 전향적으로 기록하였다. 술후 심근경색의 진단은 심전도에서 새로운 Q파 출현, CK-MB 활성도가 72시간안에 200 lU/L 이상, 심초음파에서 심근벽의 새로운 심근벽 운동이상 등의 3가지 중 2가지 이상인 경우로 정의하였다 결과: 관상동맥 우회술 후 3례에서 진단 기준에 부합된 경우였다. 시간 경과에 따라, 술후 12시간의 CK-MB활성도와 술후 24시간의 CK-MB농도(R=0.946), 술후 48시간의 cTnl(R=0.933)는 매우 상관성이 있었다(p=0.000). PM의 진단기준치를 찾기 위해 ROC(receiver operating characteristics) 곡선을 이용하였으며, PMI의 환자중 술후 24시간에서 CK-MB 농도가 30.05 ug/L보다 높은 측정값에서 PMI를 발견할 수 있었고, 이 때의 ROC 곡선의 하단 단면적은 1이었으며, 민감도 100%, 특이도 100%, 양성 예측도 100%, 음성 예측도 100% 이었다. cTnI의 경우 술후 48시간에서 17.15ug/L보다 높은 측정값에서 PMI를 발견할 수 있었고, 이 때의 ROC 곡선의 하단 단면적은 0.98이었으며, 민감도 100%, 특이도 96.6%, 양성 예측도 75%, 음성 예측도 100% 이었다. 결론: 관상동맥 우회술 후 심근경색의 진단적 표지자로서 CK-MB농도와 cTnl의 측정은 간단하고 정확한 방법으로 판단되며, 진단기준치를 제시함으로서 술후 심근경색의 조기 발견을 가능하게 할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 대상환자 수가 적었고, 적은 수의 환자에서 심근경색이 발생하여 통계적인 제한이 있을 수 있어 향후 더 많은 대상의 수가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Objectives Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen and a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. New antibacterial agents that have not been compromised by bacterial resistance are needed to treat MRSA-related infections. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity ofethanol extract of Haedokgeumhwa-san (HGH) which prescription is composed of korean medicine against MRSA. Methods The antibacterial activity of HGH extract was evaluated against MRSA strains by using the Disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method (minimal inhibitory concentration; MIC), checkerboard dilution test, and time-kill test; its mechanism of action was investigated by bacteriolysis, detergent or ATPase inhibitors. The checkerboard dilution test was used to examined synergistic effect of ampicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, gentamicin and norfloxacin in combination with HGH ethanol extract. A time-kill assay was performed a survival curve which was obtained by plotting viable colony counts depending on time on bacterial growth. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract (HGH) ranged from 1,000 to $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ against all the tested bacterial strains, respectively. We are able to confirm that HGH extract has potentially strong antibacterial activity. In the checkerboard dilution test, fractional inhibitory concentration index of HGH in combination with antibiotics indicated synergy or partial synergism against S. aureus. A time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was considerably inhibited after 8 hr of treatment with the combination of HGH with selected antibiotics. For measurement of cell membrane permeability, HGH $250{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$ along with concentration of Triton X-100 (TX) and Tris-(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) were used. In the other hand, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodimide (DCCD) and Sodium azide ($NaN_3$) was used as an inhibitor of ATPase. TX, Tris, DCCD and $NaN_3$ cooperation against S. aureus showed synergistic action. Accordingly, antimicrobial activity of HGH was affected by cell membrane and inhibitor of ATPase. Conclusions These results suggest that Haedokgeumhwa-san extract has antibacterial activity, and that HGH extract offers a potential as a natural antibiotic against MRSA.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.772-780
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• 2013

지방분해효소 활성이 가장 높은 균은 가을철에 집유한 B 지역의 원유로부터 분리한 Acinetobacter genomospecies 10(match %: 99.90)이었으며, 단백질분해효소 활성이 가장 높은 균은 봄철에 B 지역의 원유로부터 분리한 Serratia liquefaciens(match %: 99.39)였다. Acinetobacter genomospecies 10(match %:99.90)는 전형적인 생장곡선의 형태인 시그모이드 곡선의 형태를 나타냈으며, 배양시간별 조효소 활성은 배양시간이 증가할수록 지방분해효소 활성이 증가하다가 정지기 후반부에서부터 사멸기에 도달하기까지는 배양시간이 길수록 활성이 감소하였다. pH에 따른 지방분해효소 활성은 pH 8.5에서 가장 높았고 온도는 $45^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Serratia liquefaciens(match %: 99.39)의 생장곡선은 전형적인 시그모이드 형태를 나타내었고, 단백질분해효소 활성은 배양 12시간 후에 가장 높았고, 18시간 후에는 다시 감소하는 양상을 나타냈다. 단백질 분해효소의 pH 영향은 2.5에서 활성이 가장 낮았고 pH 8.5에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 반응온도에 의한 효소활성은 $35^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine (6 mg/kg) after oral administration of nifedipine with or without atorvastatin (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) in rats, and also was to evaluate to the effect of atorvastatin on the CYP3A4 activity. The 50% inhibiting concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of atorvastatin on CYP3A4 activity is 46.1 ${\mu}M$. Atorvastatin inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Coadministration of atorvastatin increased significantly (p<0.05, 2.0 mg/kg) the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak concentration ($C_{max}$) of nifedipine compared to the control group. The relative bioavailability (RB%) of nifedipine was increased from 1.15- to 1.37-fold. Coadministration of atorvastatin did not significantly change the terminal half-life ($T_{1/2}$) and the time to reach the peak concentration ($T_{max}$) of nifedipine. Based on these results, we can make a conclusion that the significant changes of these pharmacokinetic parameters might be due to atorvastatin, which possesses the potency to inhibit the metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4) in the liver and intestinal mucosa, and also inhibit the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump in the intestinal mucosa. It might be suggested that atorvastatin altered disposition of nifedipine by inhibition of both the first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux pump in the small intestine of rats. In conclusion, the presence of atorvastatin significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of nifedipine, suggesting that concurrent use of atorvastatin with nifedipine should require close monitoring for potential drug interation.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2001

4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of a variety of detergents and plastic products. Also, OP is known to have estrogenic activity by interacting with development and functions of endocrine system. This study was carried out to obtain toxicokinetic parameters of OP in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were administered OP, by either single oral (gavage) applications of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight. or a single intravenous injections of 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples taken at several time intervals after administration were obtained from the femoral artery. Analysis of blood samples for OP was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The detection limit of OP was 1.9 ng/$m\ell$ at SIM (selected ion monitoring) mode of GC/MS. Calibration curve for analysis of the concentrations of OP in plasma was (OP/butylphenol peak area ratio) = 0.0294 $\times$ (plasma cone.) + 0.028 ($r^2$= 0.9991). The OP plasma concentration was 3921 ng/$m\ell$ immediately after single intravenous application, decreased rapidly within 45 min, and was detectable at low concentration up to 6 hr after application. When administered orally in rats (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), OP was detected in the blood early after gavage administration, indicating the rapid initial uptake from gastrointestinal tract, with Tmax obtained from 0.67~0.83 hr. Using the AUC (area under the curve) of plasma concentration vs. time, low oral bioavailabilities of 1.2, 5.0 and 5.3% were calculated for the 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg groups, respectively.

• 천문학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2011

The photometric light curves of the W-type W UMa eclipsing contact binary system BB Pegasi have been found to be extremely asymmetric over all the observed 63 years in all wavelengths UBVR. The light curves have been characterized by occultation primary minima. Hence, the morphology of these light curves has been studied in view of these different asymmetric degrees. The system shows a distinct O'Connell effect, as well as depth variation. A 22.96 years of stellar dark spots cycle has been determined for the system. Almost the same cycle (22.78 yr) has been found for the depth variation of MinI and MinII. We also present an analysis of mid-eclipse time measurements of BB Peg. The analysis indicates a period decrement of $5.62{\times}10^{-8}$ day/yr, which can be interpreted in terms of mass transfer at a rate of $-4.38{\times}10^{-8}M_{\odot}$/yr, from the more to the less massive component. The O - C diagram shows a damping sine wave covering two different cycles of 17.0 yr and 12.87 yr with amplitudes equal to 0.0071 and 0.0013 day, respectively. These unequal durations show a non-periodicity which may be explained as a result of magnetic activity cycling variations due to star spots. The obtained characteristics are consistent with similar chromospherically active stars, when applying the Applegate's (1992) mechanism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1937-1941
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• 2014

Aims: To evaluate anti-cancer activity of Asparagus racemosus (AR) leaf extract on UOK146, a renal cell carcinoma cell line, and explore its mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Dried AR leaves were extracted with chloroform and dissolved in DMSO. This extract was applied to UOK146 and cell death was estimated by MTT assay. In addition PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcripts were detected by real time PCR. Results: Extract was found to be cytotoxic with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.9 mg/ml as estimated by dose response curve. Antitumor activity of the permissible doses of the extract was assessed by the down regulation of PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcript (38%) responsible for oncogenicity of the UOK146 cell line. No increment in the BAX, a proapoptotic marker level was observed. Conclusions: Evidence of antiproliferative effect, PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcript inhibition and static BAX level clearly indicate that AR extract provides or elicits an apoptosis independent anticancer effect on RCC cells by some specific mechanism of regulation.