• 한국농촌생활과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of time use by housewives in rural households, and to compare the time use structure of housewives with that of their husbands. To attain this goals, we have selected 108 farmhouses considering agricultural area and size in L993. Data was collected by observing how (i. e., doing what kinds of work) housewives and husbands spend time, Time use was divided into four categories : physiological time, socio-cultural time, household work time and agricultural labor time. The results in this study present a valuable insight to assuage the overloaded works of rural housewives. The major results can be outlined as follows : 1. Rural housewives worked 1.2 times longer hours a day than their husbands did. 2, There existed a severe labour time imbalance between housewives and husbands during the busy farming season. 3. The time use patterns of housewives and husbands were significantly different across agricultural areas. Also, the education level of a housewife was associated with the length of her labor time.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제85권2호
• /
• pp.316-324
• /
• 1996

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 몇가지 침엽수중(針葉樹中) 소나무, 낙엽송, 리기다소나무, 잣나무 간벌림(間伐林)에서 기준적(基準的)인 1인(人) 1조(組)의 작업방법(作業方法)을 통하여 임금구성상(賃金構成上) 또는 작업공정구성상(作業功程構成上) 기본적(基本的)인 작업시간(作業時間)과 더불어 대별되는 일반시간(一般時間)을 관계시간연구(關係時間硏究)에 의하여 구명(究明)하였다. 1. 시간연구(時間硏究)에 의해 4가지 수종별(樹種別)로 산출(算出)된 일반시간(一般時間)을 침엽수(針葉樹)에 일반적(一般的)으로 적용(適用)하기 위하여 일반시간(一般時間)의 동일구성(同一構成)으로 부터 최대값을 선정(選定)한 결과 인적여유시간(人的餘裕時間) 1.8%, 휴식시간(休息時間) 14.1%, 물적여유시간(物的餘裕時間) 12.5%, 대기시간(待機時間) 0.4%로 산출(算出)되었으며, 이로부터 작성(作成)된 조정일반시간(調整一般時間)의 비율합계(比率合計)는 28.8%로 나타났다. 2. 시간연구(時間硏究)를 통한 표준작업시간(標準作業時間) 추정식(推定式)을 수종별(樹種別)로 산출(算出)하여 관계시간연구(關係時間硏究)로 부터 조정(調整)된 일반시간(一般時間)을 합산(合算)함으로써 임금표(賃金表)나 공정표(工程表)에 사용(使用)되는 "예상임금(豫想賃金) 기준시간(基準時間)"을 표로 작성(作成)하였다.

• 한국가정과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.93-107
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was examine the health and food intakes of industrial workers who worked day and night. The questionnaire asked them about their health, stress, knowledge of nutrition, food habits, food intakes and frequency. The night-time workers had a stomachache compaired with day-time workers. Male day-time workers were more prone to stress than night-time workers in the area of job. In the areas of nutritional knowledge and food habits, there were no significant differences between day-and night-time workers for both male and female. Intakes of rice, bread, noddle, meat, fish. beans, vegetables in night-time workers were less than day-time workers. Also the male night-time workers consumed more milk and carbonated drinks than the day-time workers. The night-time workers were worse than the day-time workers and the female night-time workers were the worst. Considering the above results, the night-time workers should correct their food habits and have a well-balanced diet.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2004

This study analyze using pattern of the Korean elderly leisure time to know their leisure lifestyle. In order to do this study, we analysed the time use dairy which were collected by Korean National Statistical Office in 1999 and analysis of data was done through mean of time, percentage of acting people hourly. The result of this study were as follows : 1) The elderly spend leisure time average 6 hours 34 minute in a day and enjoy leisure activities from A.M. 11:00 to P.M. 12:00 and from P.M. 8:00 to P.M:. 10:00 mainly. 2) The elderly spend leisure time for acquaintance, using mass media, sports leisure activity and dilettante life. Especially the elderly associate with more others than their family, use more TV than others and spend time for break and amusement as dilettante life.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.205-222
• /
• 2009

This study aims to understand time experiences of mothers in child counseling and to investigate the meanings of their experience of time. Phenomenological perspectives and attitudes were adopted as the basic methodology. Participants were five mothers who were interviewed in depth on their time experiences in child counseling. The data were organized by the following contents : (1) Time for compensation, (2) conscious immersion, (3) stagnation, (4) infiniteness and finiteness of time, and (5) facing the past. Based on the results, the researcher interpreted three meanings discovered in the mothers' time experiences; (1) Reconstructed time : Healing, (2) The child becomes a mirror reflecting the mother, and (3) A new beginning.

• 복식
• /
• 제41권
• /
• pp.185-206
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to improve productivity for maximum effects with the present equipments and staff. This study compared and analyzed the mea-sured time by using stop watch method and MTM, which was the new measuring method. The flow and results of this study were as follows: 1. This study investigated the theoretical background the efficiency for production management, and the way of productivity improvement through documentary research. 2. Setting up the standard flow on the experi-mental company production, making out a process chart and measuring the actual working hour. 3. The study measured the allowance time applying work sampling. 4. Each process of the movement analysis was filmed by video to use basic data. 5. MTM analysis was taken by choosing 10 processes from front bodice according to the basic movement of MTM. Through the results, this study exclude unneccesary movements and suggest a method for working ways. 6. Using the actual working hour measured by a stop watch calculated the pitch time and presumed the amount of daily productivity. 7. The result of the work sampling came out as 38% of allowance rate. It was 13% higher than the standard amount of woman's jacket allowance rate, which was 25%. The most influencing factor was work discussion. That was because there were commuication problem of the work way between the operator and leader. More adequate use of flow table and level passing table was needed. There were the problems that inappropriate places and sizes made the distance of movements longer and often needed more adjustment of works and surroundings. To prevent breakdowns equipments check ups were necessary before works. 8. The results of MTM analysis were as follow : the time was reduced 40% than the actual measured time by a stop watch. This was because the leveling of the operator was included in the real calculation. Also, leveling was included in MTM analysis and all the conditions were standarized. Therefore MTM method was a scientidic measuring way of establishing the standard time. The presented method of this study, suggested an ideal method eliminating unneccesary motions, and presented standardization of works. Improvement of working methods, work condition and simplifying motions in each 10 processes reduced the working time from total 656 seconds to 301 seconds. 9. The way and time of working was linked together in the MTM analysis methods. Thus data from MTM help suggest not only establishing standard time but also establishing stan-dard work. Plus it includes various ability for improvements of working ways. So it is an objective method which can be widely used in other work studies. 10. The function of a time study is to determine the amount of work produced with a given method. The work rate is used to establish the cost of labor. The wage of worker must be calculated per unit time which is deter-mined before the time study is made. This study tried to introduce the incentive rule for deciding wages according to the standard time by MTM method.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2013

The study examined how changes in time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement influenced each other through a multivariate latent growth model by using the data from the first to the third year presented in the KYPS. This study identifies not only how changes in the private tutoring experience exerted a direct influence on changes in academic achievement, but also measures what kind of changes in private tutoring and academic achievement had emerged over time. The detailed study results are as follows. First, the analysis of time invested in private tutoring showed that the higher the grades, the greater were the amount of time invested in private tutoring in the case of Korean language study. On the other hand, the results showed that in the case of English and mathematics, the higher the grades, the lesser was the amount of time invested in private tutoring. Second, private tutoring and academic achievement were all in a linear relationship. Third, it was shown that the time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement exerted a negative influence on each other according to the passage of time.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine impact of hospital computerization on the nursing practice. The study was conducted using the repeated measured design. The subjects were 166 nurses working at surgical nursing care units in a tertiary teaching hospital. A questionnaire was developed based on the Burke's study, and reviewed by a committee for content validity. Eighty-eight nurses responded the questionnaire throughout the study. Indirect nursing care time significantly decreased(p<0.05) after the computerization. These decrease related to time saving in checking physicians' order and writing nursing records. However, the change in direct nursing care time was not clear. In conclusion, the computerization led to the decrease in indirect nursing care time but it did not link to increase in direct nursing care time. Therefore, nurse managers should take into account redesign of the nursing works after computerization.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2014

This study applied regression analysis to evaluate the impact of hourly average congestion calculated by bumper model in the congested area of each passage of each port on the peak time congestion, to suggest the model formula that can predict the peak time congestion. This study conducted regression analysis of hourly average congestion and peak time congestion based on the AIS survey study of 20 ports in Korea. As a result of analysis, it was found that the hourly average congestion has a significant impact on the peak time congestion and the prediction model formula was derived. This formula($C_p=4.457C_a+29.202$) can be used to calculate the peak time congestion based on the predicted hourly average congestion.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2019

Purpose - Although an extensive body of research in psychology and marketing focuses on perceived waiting time, no research has examined the effect of the location of the waiting place on perceived waiting time. In particular, this study suggests that customers who are waiting in a restaurant may have different perceived waiting time depending on whether they are in close proximity to the service area (e.g., dining area) or farther from it. In particular, the author examines how and why the location of the waiting place affects the perceived waiting time of the consumer and reveals the mental simulation as its psychological mechanism. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducted field surveys with customers waiting in real restaurants. Eighty-eight people participated under two conditions: a restaurant with a waiting place near the dining area and a restaurant with a waiting place far from the dining area. Participants responded to questions about perceived waiting time (the dependent variable), mental simulation (the mediator), and demographic variables. To verify the hypothesis, ANOVA and bootstrapping analysis were performed. Results - The major results from the field study are as follows. First, participants perceived wait time differently depending on the location of the restaurant's waiting place: participants in the restaurant with a waiting place close to the dining area perceived significantly shorter waiting times. Second, the effect of the location of the waiting place on the perceived waiting time was mediated by mental simulation: the closer the wait location is to the dining area, the more imagination the customer exercises about the meal, which in turn distracts attention from time flow and shortens the perceived wait time. Conclusion - This study has a theoretical implication in that it extends research on perceived waiting time as the first study of how and why the location of a waiting place affects a customer's perceived waiting time. It has a practical implication that can be used as a marketing tactics to improve the image of the service provider by changing the location of the waiting place.