• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.21-44
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• 2017

Accelerated life tests (ALTs) are frequently used in manufacturing industries to evaluate the reliability of products within a reasonable amount of time and cost. Test units are subjected to elevated stresses which yield quick failures. Most of the previous works on designing ALT plans are focused on tests that involve a single stress. Many times more than one stress factor influence the product's functioning. This paper deals with the design of optimum modified ramp-stress ALT plan for Burr type XII distribution with Type-I censoring under two stress factors, viz., voltage and switching rate each at two levels- low and high. It is assumed that usage time to failure is power law function of switching rate, and voltage increases linearly with time according to modified ramp-stress scheme. The cumulative exposure model is used to incorporate the effect of changing stresses. The optimum plan is devised using D-optimality criterion wherein the ${\log}_{10}$ of the determinant of Fisher information matrix is maximized. The method developed has been explained using a numerical example and sensitivity carried out.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 1994

In this paper, We analyze and inspect the problem of our country PSTN subscriber telephone number and suggest the ISDN/PSTN subsciber numbering plan in the future. Expecially, when you eastablish plan to change present telephone number system to ISDN telephone number system, public goverment and public office which has many calls have to be given a same number that many people want and being easy rememberance thoughout the country. Therefore we think that it is saving hours and reduce lost calls. As concrete action of convert plan it must be made consistent numbering plan when the numbering reorganization is carried out in Korea before T-time. If a partial is not carried out, it should be given when the telephone number is newly-organized or the big buliding and goverment and public office eastablich RSS individually. At that time chaos will be minimized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

Educational facilities have an affect to make a decently learning environment. After constructed, it needs a maintenance plan to keep the performance or function which provide the repair time, repair scope and ratio. But the fundamental data are so insufficient that the field worker can't provide the maintenance plan and has no choice use the other data which concerned with apartment or office building. Above all, the service life is indispensible to make a repair plan because the repair time and scope would be provided within the service life. This study aimed at providing the method to make a service life of component in educational facilities and applying the method into the roof proof and floor finishing. Results are shown that first, it is important to set the $1^{st}$ repair time after constructed. when it proposes the three ways with the probability approach, choice probability model and cumulative cost function. Second, the service life of roof proof is provided with about 35 years. In addition, the service life of the floor finishing is about 40 years. These result would be utilized to conduct the repair plan under the service life.

• IE interfaces
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.201-212
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• 1994

In this paper, we develop computerized procedures of the S-Curve, the cumulative progress rates of load input, applied to shipbuilding basic plan. For a real world ship yard, we study the application related problems and develop more efficient procedures of applying the curves in terms of usability and computerization. The yard currently do not have any mathematical expression for the S-Curve. They express the curves using data tables which represents data points of the manually drafted S-Curve graphs, which causes the difficulties in efficient computerization. Another problem the yard has is the lack of the feedback procedure of the actual load different from the initial plan. Due to those problems, the application procedures of the S-Curve require much time and endeavor amounting two full time employees. To resolve the problems, we develop the mathematical expression of the S-Curve using beta distribution function and the feedback procedure regenerating the planned load reflecting the difference between the initial plan and its realization. To build user friendly program, the graphic user interface is also developed using OSF/MOTIF toolkits. Through the development, we reduce the burden required in applying the curves to a part-time job of one employee.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

Building deterioration would be proceeded by various causes such as physical, social, economic degradation. The deterioration would be inevitably prevented or delayed to get the decent function and performance in various building part and components. The maintenance and management are continued to provide the decent living condition for the household. The maintenance means mainly a repair, including the on-time and longterm plan. The longterm repair would be conducted by the systemic preparation in management activity and a required cost. Therefore, the annual due for the longterm repair plan is important to prepare the repair cost in a required time. In this paper, it aimed at analyzing the longterm repair cost and modelling to forecast the required cost in total area, number of household and time elapse in apartment housing. The estimation model of a repair cost is used with a power function which has a good statistics. Results of this study are shown that the sample has a longterm repair due in a $2,032won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ averagely which is higher than $912won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ in domestic. Second, the longterm repair due is proportionally correlated with the time elapse in both a total area and the number of household. Third, the estimation model for the longterm repair amount is suitable for the power function which is most in any other estimation models. Fourth, the ration of the longterm plan repair due a year to the cumulated longterm amount is about 26%.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

The main idea of this study is to propose a BIM-based automation system drawing up a report of energy conservation plan in the architecture division. In order to obtain a building permit, an energy conservation plan must be prepared for buildings with a total floor area of 500m² or more under the current law. Currently, it is adopted as a general method to complete a report by obtaining data and drawings necessary for an energy conservation plan through manual work and input them directly into the verification system. This method takes a lot of effort and time in the design phase which ultimately increases the initial cost of the business, including the services of companies specialized in the environmental field. However, in preparation for mandatory BIM work process in the future, it is necessary to introduce BIM-based automatic creation system that has an advantage for shortening the whole process to enable rapid permission of energy-saving designs for buildings. There may be many methods of automation, but this study introduces how to build an application using Dynamo of Revit, in terms of utilizing BIM, and write an energy conservation plan by automatic completion of report through Dynamo and Excel's VBA algorithm, which can save time and cost in preparing the report of energy conservation plan compared with the manual process. Also we have insisted that the digital transformation of architectural process is a necessary for an efficient use of our automation system in the current energy conservation plan workflow.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.3 s.43
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• pp.129-148
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• 2005

The plan type of Korean protestant church architecture underwent changes as following five stages according to the changes of the distinction between the sexes. First stage - At the beginning of missionary work in Korea, Koreans generally worshiped in missionary houses which were traditional Korean styles. The plan type of these houses was a simple '-' figure. At that time, men and women worshiped separately because of the idea of the distinction between the sexes. They either worshiped in different places at the same time or in the same place at the different time. Second stage - At this stage, men and women started to worship together in the same place. At the beginning of this stage, men sat in the front of the chapel on a rostrum, and women sat behind the men. The plan type of the chapel was a simple '-' or a rectangular figure. Later, they sat separately on the right and left side. There are the visual interceptions which were set up between them. As the number of church members increased rapidly, a new type of church architecture appeared. It was a 'ㄱ' figure. At that time the entrances were separated by the sexes. Third stage - At this stage, the visual interceptions disappeared as the idea of the distinction between the sexes became weak. As new churches had been constructed by the plan type of rectangular figure, the visual interceptions weren't set up anymore. Fourth stage - At this stage, the separated entrances were unified as one. But the arrangement of their seats didn't change because of the old idea of the distinction between the sexes. Fifth stage - In the final stage, the plan type of the church architecture was not determined by the idea of the distinction between the sexes but social, economical, technological facts and the influence of the foreign architecture. At this stage, new and various kinds of the plan type appeared such as the fan, round, squared, or oval figure as well as the rectangular figure. Men and women were not classified anymore. They started to sit and worship together in the same place. Also, when men and women sat separately from side to side because of the Idea of the distinction between the sexes, men sat on the right and women sat on the left side of rostrum. It didn't applied Confucian ideas but the idea of protestant church; protestant churches have the idea that the right side is more important but it does not in Confucianism.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 2021

This study proposes a plan to construct an integrated platform that reduces manufacturing costs and efficiently produce by integrating the systems of main producers, production subcontractors, and raw material subcontractors for the production of food packaging containers. The production plan of food packaging containers and raw materials is established in real time between the main producers, production subcontractors, and raw material subcontractors in consideration of the demand characteristics of each product. It establishes basic information that all processes from the production planning stage to the forwarding stage of the product are linked to each other. The progress of each producer of interlinked processes is shared in real-time to improve productivity and quality of food packaging containers and raw materials and reduce manufacturing costs. By monitoring the system of the main producer and the production subcontractor in real time, the production of food packaging containers is performed in a timely manner, thereby improving productivity. The application of the plan-do-check-action (PDCA) process, which includes planning, execution, evaluation and improvement in the production operation processes of the main producer, production subcontractor and raw material subcontractor, enables improved production compliance rate. The contents of the main producers, production subcontractors, and raw material subcontractors are managed in real time, then a converged production management system is established through the platform proposed in this study to ensure timely supply and demand of raw materials without delay in ordering.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2010

In this study, I investigated the function and the setting characteristics of 日type plan building ruins in the Hoe-amsa monastery site, that's renovated by Zen priest Na-ong(1320-76) in the later Goryeo Dynasty(918-1392), through the comparative research between China, Japan, and Goryeo in that time. The ruins of 日type plan building, located in the east side of Buddha hall ruins, is the ruins of Jungryo(衆寮). It was called as Jeondanrim, and the name can be seen from the record(天寶山檜巖寺修造記) of Yi-saek(李穡, 1328-96). It's name and the composition of plan is very similar to the Jungryo of Chinese and Japanese Zen monastery in 13th-14th century. And from it, we can see that, the priest Na-ong tried to introduce institution of Chinese Zen monastery, which he experienced during the time of study in China. But, the location of Jungryo in Hoe-amsa monastery is deferent from the Zen monastery of China and Japan, and it can be said as the setting characteristics of Hoe-amsa monastery in Goryeo Dynasty.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.3 s.13
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• pp.89-108
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• 1997

This study has been researched mainly about the gradual changing patterns of site plan and plan layout of 17 sampling traditional houses in kyungpuk province during the time period of 1877-1945. The objective of this study is to closely examine the characteristics of locality and trend of the times. Survey and Measured drawing, personal interviews with clients has been carried out and the result is as down below; 1.The certain changes have shown that the furnace in sarangchae(outer wing for men) in ㅁ shaped and ${\ulcorner}$ ${\lrcorner}$ shaped houses served only for that purpose and inner gate has been built in sideward of sarangchae. 2.As living standard was upgraded storage space and size of the rooms got bigger. On the other hand, spacial formation was emphasized by its function accordding to house activities and living circulation because the family members in direct line became reality of the time. 3.The modernistic thought of rationalism and convenience are well expressed in the plan layout and house living as a whole.