• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.721-732
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• 2021

This study analyzed keywords for agricultural R&D using the textmining method to examine the trend of agricultural R&D. Data used for the analysis included R&D project information provided by NTIS, and the research and development step by year from 2003 to 2018 were classified and applied. The TF-IDF approach was used as the analysis method, and ranking was derived based on score. Furthermore, we analyzed by grouping for similar keywords. The main analysis results are as follows. First, agricultural R&D trends are changing according to the introduction of new technologies and changes in the external environment. Second, keyword changes appeared with a time lag in the R&D step. The main keywords are changing in the order of basic research - applied research - development research. Third, the main keyword of agricultural R&D was 'rice.' However, the direction and purpose of the research were changing according to changes in the domestic and foreign agricultural environments.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.147-173
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• 2022

Purpose As the use of social network services has become common, it has become possible to freely communicate and establish relationships with other people anytime, anywhere for communication and information sharing. Influencers who have a strong influence on consumers' perceptions and attitudes through their own opinions and stories have appeared on various social media channels such as YouTube. Recently, companies utilize influencers with a large number of followers to check interactions with customers to understand customer attitudes and opinions about products in real time. Start-ups with insufficient resources need to quickly examine customer responses to reduce the probability of failure after product planning. The Lean process of creating an MVP and quickly confirming and learning the market response should be repeated over and over again. Findings In this paper, we try to suggest that the YouTube platform can play a sufficient role as a customer experiment space through examples. The case company is a company that has successfully commercialized products by continuously interacting with customers through the YouTube platform for the first four months of its founding. This paper is expected to be helpful in the experimental process for prospective founders and early founders to examine customer responses to reduce the probability of market failure before commercialization. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzed the YouTube channel data of case companies based on the netnography methodology and presented the contents of the lean process management carried out in the experimental stage and the post-production stage through interview research.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

The study intends to investigate a short-run and a long-run causality among money, income, and prices in the Keynesian and Monetarists framework. This study emphasizes the importance of unrecorded money, which exists alongside legal monetary assets and plays a dual function in determining economic prosperity. The underground economy, which is a hidden component of aggregate economic activity, is determined using Tanzi's monetary approach (Tanzi, 1980). This research uses a time series of annual data from 1990 to 2019 for this purpose. The data is extracted from the World Bank database for the monetary and development indicators. The study keeping in view the trending nature in data follows a unit root testing followed by the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) to assess the long and short-run dynamics of causality among the variables. In both the pricing and income equations, the study finds a significant level link among the variables; however, there is no evidence of the presence of a level association in the money equation. The short-run causal relationship provides evidence of bi-directional causation between the supply of money and national income. The outcome of this study advise that though the view point of both the Monetarist and Keynesian school holds in both short and long run, however, in Pakistan only the Monetarists' role of money supply and income holds in Pakistan. This evidence would be of precise interest to the policy-makers.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-123
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• 2022

Purpose - This study investigates the effects of earnings management, related party transactions between chaebol affiliates on earnings management and ESG score on their profitability using return on assets (ROA). Design/Methodology/Approach - We use data including ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) score of the Korea Corporate Governance Service(KCGS), and financial data of 10,145 firm-year observations from the Total Solution 2000 (TS 2000) and Korea Companies-Information Service (KOKOInfo), and apply the finite lagged models to investigate the long-term effects of related party transactions between chaebol affiliates of earnings management on ESG scores and corporate performance. Furthermore, to take into consideration the simultaneous mutual effects on each other of main variables, we introduce finite distributed lags of five years. Findings - First, ESG-rated firms have a higher total asset return than non-ESG-rated firms. Second, chaebol firms have a higher profitability than non-chaebol firms. Third, profit management of related party transactions between affiliates within a chaebol has a positive effect on the short-term profitability and a negative effect on the long-term profitability. Fourth, chaebol ESG firms have a lower impact on profitability due to rating up (down) than non-chaebol ESG firms. Research Implications or Originality - Based on the above results, it can be concluded that firms used related party transactions for earnings management, the effects of related party transactions change over time, and chaebol firms manipulate earnings through related party transactions and ESG scores.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

The waveform inversion for isotropic media has ever been studied since the 1980s, but there has been few studies for anisotropic media. We present a seismic waveform inversion algorithm for 2-D heterogeneous transversely isotropic structures. A cell-based finite difference algorithm for anisotropic media in time domain is adopted. The steepest descent during the non-linear iterative inversion approach is obtained by backpropagating residual errors using a reverse time migration technique. For scaling the gradient of a misfit function, we use the pseudo Hessian matrix which is assumed to neglect the zero-lag auto-correlation terms of impulse responses in the approximate Hessian matrix of the Gauss-Newton method. We demonstrate the use of these waveform inversion algorithm by applying them to a two layer model and the anisotropic Marmousi model data. With numerical examples, we show that it's difficult to converge to the true model when we assumed that anisotropic media are isotropic. Therefore, it is expected that our waveform inversion algorithm for anisotropic media is adequate to interpret real seismic exploration data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2009

The current ruminant feeding models require parameterization of the digestion kinetics of carbohydrate fractions in feed ingredients to estimate the supply of nutrients from a ration. Using an automated gas production technique, statistically welldefined digestion rate of carbohydrate, including soluble carbohydrate, can be estimated in a relatively easy way. In this study, the gas production during in vitro fermentation was measured and recorded by an automated gas production system to investigate degradation kinetics of carbohydrate fractions of a wide range of ruminant feeds: corn silage, rice straw, corn, soybean hull, soybean meal, and cell mass from lysine production (CMLP). The gas production from un-fractionated, ethanol insoluble residue and neutral detergent insoluble residue of the feed samples were obtained. The gas profiles of carbohydrate fractions on the basis of the carbohydrate scheme of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (A, B1, B2, B3 and C) were generated using a subtraction approach. After the gas profiles were plotted with time, a curve was fitted with a single-pool exponential equation with a discrete lag to obtain kinetic parameters that can be used as inputs for modern nutritional models. The fractional degradation rate constants (Kd) of corn silage were 11.6, 25.7, 14.8 and 0.8%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2 fractions, respectively. The values were statistically well estimated, assessed by high t-value (>12.9). The Kd of carbohydrate fractions in rice straw were 4.8, 21.1, 5.7 and 0.5%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2 fractions, respectively. Although the Kd of B2 fraction was poorly defined with a t-value of 4.4, the Kd of the other fractions showed tvalues higher than 21.9. The un-fractioned corn showed the highest Kd (18.2%/h) among the feeds tested, and the Kd of A plus B1 fraction was 18.7%/h. Soybean hull had a Kd of 6.0, 29.0, 3.8 and 13.8%/h for un-fractioned, A, B1 and B2, respectively. The large Kd of fraction B2 indicated that NDF in soybean hull was easily degradable. The t-values were higher than 20 except for the B1 fraction (5.7). The estimated Kd of soybean meal was 9.6, 24.3, 5.0%/h for un-fractioned, A and B1 fractions, respectively. A small amount of gas (5.6 ml at 48 ho of incubation) was produced from fermentation of CMLP which contained little carbohydrate. In summary, the automated gas production system was satisfactory for the estimation of well defined (t-value >12) kinetic parameters and Kd of soluble carbohydrate fractions of various feedstuffs that supply mainly carbohydrate. The subtraction approach, however, should be applied with caution for some concentrates, especially those which contain a high level of crude protein since nitrogen-containing compounds can interfere with gas production.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.711-735
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• 2016

Drug Development is very important for promoting public health and pharmaceutical industry. There has been many studies on the efficiency of drug development, but there are few studies on the drug development R&D performed by government. Since CCR model assumes unidirectional influence of input and output, it is not appropriate to analyze the efficiency of R&D due to the time-lag and spill-over effect. Also, BBC model which assumes variable returns to scale has difficulty in deriving priorities between decision making units. Recently, Range Adjusted Measure (RAM) model has been suggested in R&D efficiency analysis. RAM model measures the efficincy by eliminating inefficiencies under variable returns to scale assumption, and its strong monotonicity enables to provide clear priorities between decision making units. In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of national R&D programs for drug development using the two-step approach, including RAM model and Tobit regression analysis, and discussed major policy implications.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.361-372
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• 2016

Reliable long-term dam inflow prediction is necessary for efficient multi-purpose dam operation in changing climate. Since 2000s the teleconnection between global climate indices (e.g., ENSO) and local hydroclimate regimes have been widely recognized throughout the world. To date many hydrologists focus on predicting future hydrologic conditions using lag teleconnection between streamflow and climate indices. This study investigated the utility of teleconneciton for predicting dam inflow with 1-month lead time at Andong dam basin. To this end 40 global climate indices from NOAA were employed to identify potential predictors of dam inflow, areal averaged precipitation, temperature of Andong dam basin. This study compared three different approaches; 1) dam inflow prediction using SWAT model based on teleconneciton-based precipitation and temperature forecast (SWAT-Forecasted), 2) dam inflow prediction using teleconneciton between dam inflow and climate indices (CIR-Forecasted), and 3) dam inflow prediction based on the rank of current observation in the historical dam inflow (Rank-Observed). Our results demonstrated that CIR-Forecasted showed better predictability than the other approaches, except in December. This is because uncertainties attributed to temporal downscaling from monthly to daily for precipitation and temperature forecasts and hydrologic modeling using SWAT can be ignored from dam inflow forecast through CIR-Forecasted approach. This study indicates that 1-month lead dam inflow forecast based on teleconneciton could provide useful information on Andong dam operation.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.87-99
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether the moisture variation aspects in pavement materials can be analyzed based on the convenient and reliable relative humidity(RH) measurement techniques. First, the ambient RH was measured using various sensors and the accuracies and calibration methods of the sensors were examined. Then, the RH of a cement mortar specimen was measured using the reliable sensors and the data was analyzed. In addition, the feasibility of using the RH measurement sensors to analyze the permeability of pavement materials was investigated. From this study, it was found that the Hygrochron was the most appropriate sensor to measure the RH of pavement materials, and the proper installation and calibration methods were developed. The RH of the cement mortar specimen tended to approach the ambient RH and was not much affected by the variation of the ambient RH. The specimen's RH variations at the surface and at the center showed a clear time lag. The RH measurement sensor was also found to be an appropriate tool for water permeability tests, and the methodologies to evaluate the permeability of pavement materials were proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.99-107
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• 2007

The linear curve fitting methods such as the Hvorslev method and the Bouwer and Rice method provide a rapid and simple means to analyze slug test data for estimating in-situ hydraulic conductivity (k) of geologic material. However, when analyzing a slug test in a relatively compressible aquifer, these methods have difficulties in fitting a straight line to the semi-logarithmic plot of the test data that shows a concave-upward curvature because the linear curve fitting methods ignore the role of the compressibility or specific storage ($S_s$) of an aquifer. The comparison of the Hvorslev method and the Bouwer and Rice method is made far a partially-penetrating well geometry to show analytically that the Hvorslev method estimates higher hydraulic conductivity than the Bouwer and Rice method except that the well intake section locates very close to the bottom of the aquifer. The effect of fitting a straight line to the slug test data is evaluated along with the dimensionless compressibility parameter (${\alpha}$) ranging from 0.001 to 1. A modified linear curve fitting method that is expanded from Chirlin's approach to the case of a partially penetrating well with the basic-time-lag fitting method is introduced. A case study for a compressible glacial till is made to verify the proposed method by comparing with a type curve method (KGS method).