• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.245-255
• /
• 2023

Time comparison techniques are necessary for generating and keeping Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and distributing standard time clocks. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Common View, GNSS All-in-View, Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), optical fiber, and Network Time Protocol (NTP) based methods have been used for time comparison. In these methods, GNSS based time comparison techniques are widely used for time synchronization in critical national infrastructures and in common areas of application such as finance, military, and wireless communication. However, GNSS-based time comparison techniques are vulnerable to jamming or interference environments and it is difficult to respond to GNSS signal disconnection according to the international situation. In response, in this paper, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based All-to-All TWSTFT operation method is proposed. A software-based simulation platform also was designed for performance analysis in multi-TWSTFT signal environments. Furthermore, code and carrier measurement jitters were calculated in multi-signal environments using the designed simulation platform. By using the technique proposed in this paper, it is anticipated that the TWSTFT-based time comparison method will be used in various fields and satisfy high-performance requirements such as those of a GNSS master station and power plant network reference station.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제29권2C호
• /
• pp.206-212
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 다중 경로 페이딩 환경에서 고속 데이터 전송에 적합한 STF(Space-Time-Frequency) coded OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 전송 기법을 제안한다. 2개의 안테나를 통해 신호를 전송함으로써 전송 다이버시티 특성을 이용하는 기법으로 STBC(Space Time Block Coding) 기법이 개발되었으며 이를 OFDM에 적용한 기법으로 ST-OFDM(Space-Time Block Coded OFDM)과 SF-OFDM(Space-Frequency Block Coded OFDM) 전송 기법 등이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 시간과 공간, 그리고 주파수 영역에서 부호화를 수행하는 STF-OFDM 전송 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 STF-OFDM 전송 기법은 기존의 ST-OFDM 전송 기법에서 주파수 다이버시티 효과를 이용함으로써 ST-OFDM의 성능을 향상시키는 방식이다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.1079-1088
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 도선상의 결함 감지 및 추정 방법인 고분해능 시간-주파수 반사측정기법(time-frequency domain reflectometry)을 제안한다. 이 방법은 관측된 신호를 시간과 주파수 영역에서 동시에 분석 가능한 시간-주파수 상호 상관 관계(time-frequency cross correlation) 특성을 채택하였다. 제안된 방법인 TFDR의 정확도는 고주파용 coaxial cable을 가지고 실험을 통하여 기존의 방식들과 비교 검증하였다. 제안된 알고리즘의 다양한 결함들에 대한 감지 및 추정 결과, 기존의 방법에 비해 월등하다는 것을 명백히 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2016

Joint time-frequency images of the broadband acoustic echoes of six fish species were obtained using the smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD). The acoustic features were extracted by changing the sliced window widths and dividing the time window by a 0.02-ms interval and the frequency window by a 20-kHz bandwidth. The 22 spectrum amplitudes obtained in the time and frequency domains of the SPWVD images were fed as input parameters into an artificial neural network (ANN) to verify the effectiveness for species-dependent features related to fish species identification. The results showed that the time-frequency approach improves the extraction of species-specific features for species identification from broadband echoes, compare with time-only or frequency-only features. The ANN classifier based on these acoustic feature components was correct in approximately 74.5% of the test cases. In the future, the identification rate will be improved using time-frequency images with reduced dimensions of the broadband acoustic echoes as input for the ANN classifier.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.449-452
• /
• 2014

We present a multi-tap microwave photonic filter with high selectivity through applying time-to-frequency mapping and optical frequency comb shaping techniques. When arranged in the time-to-frequency mapping stage, by a Fourier transform, the deviation of the optical taps to the target profile is significantly reduced while maintaining the apodization profile, resulting in high sidelobe suppression in the filters. By applying a simple time-to-frequency mapping stage to the conventional optical frequency combs, we demonstrate a substantially enhanced (>10dB) sidelobe suppression, resulting in filter lineshapes exhibiting a significantly high (>40dB) main lobe to sidelobe suppression ratio. These results highlight the potential of the technique for implementation in various passband filters with high sidelobe suppression.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.1463-1480
• /
• 2015

This research aims to develop an empirical model for simulation of time-varying frequency in earthquake ground motion so as to be used easily in engineering applications. Briefly, 10545 recordings of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) global database of accelerograms from shallow crustal earthquakes are selected and binned by magnitude, distance and site condition. Then the wavelet spectrum of each acceleration record is calculated by using one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, and the frequencies corresponding to the maximum values of the wavelet spectrum at a series of sampling time, named predominant frequencies, are extracted to analyze the variation of frequency content of seismic ground motions in time. And the time-variation of the predominant frequencies of 178 magnitude-distance-site bins for different directions are obtained by calculating the mean square root of predominant frequencies within a bin. The exponential trigonometric function is then use to fit the data, which describes the predominant frequency of ground-motion as a function of time with model parameters given in tables for different magnitude, distance, site conditions and direction. Finally, a practical frequency-dependent amplitude envelope function is developed based on the time-varying frequency derived in this paper, which has clear statistical parameters and can emphasize the effect of low-frequency components on later seismic action. The results illustrate that the time-varying predominant frequency can preferably reflect the non-stationarity of the frequency content in earthquake ground motions and that empirical models given in this paper facilitates the simulation of ground motions.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.1129-1134
• /
• 2006

Mass estimation was derived as functions of acceleration magnitude and primary frequency. The conventional method of mass estimation used frequency data directly in the frequency domain. The signals that can be obtained sensor contained noise as well as impact signal. Therefore, how well we can detect the frequency data in noise directly determines the quality of mass estimation. To find exact frequency data, we used time-frequency analysis. The time frequency method are expected to be more useful than the conventional frequency domain analyses for the mass estimation problem on a plate type structure. Also it has been concluded that the smoothed WVD can give more reliable means than the other methodologies for the mass estimation in a noisy environment.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.872-878
• /
• 2006

Mass estimation was derived as functions of acceleration magnitude and primary frequency. The conventional method of mass estimation used frequency data directly in the frequency domain. The signals that can be obtained sensor contained noise as well as impact signal. Therefore, how well we can detect the frequency data in noise directly determines the quality of mass estimation. To find exact frequency data, we used time-frequency analysis. The time-frequency methods are expected to be more useful than the conventional frequency domain analyses for the mass estimation problem on a plate type structure. Also it has been concluded that the smoothed WVD can give more reliable means than the other methodologies for the mass estimation in a noisy environment.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.841-848
• /
• 2008

This paper examined dynamic characteristics of high speed trains using a time varying frequency transform. Fourier transform based methods are frequently used for the calculation of the dynamic characteristics of trains in the frequency domain, but they cannot represent the time-varying characteristics. Therefore it is necessary to examine their characteristics using a time-varying frequency transform. For the examination, the non-stationary vibration of wheelset, bogie, and carbody are measured using accelerometers and stored in a data aquisition system. They are processed with localization of the data by modulating with a window function, and Fourier transform is taken to each localized data, called the short-time Fourier transform. From the processed results, time varying auto-spectral density, cross-spectral density, frequency response, and coherence functions have been calculated. From the analysis, it is confirmed that the time varying frequency transform is a useful method for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of high speed trains.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.1088-1099
• /
• 2021

Time-frequency analysis technique is an effective analysis tool for non-stationary processes. In the field of reactor neutron noise, the time-frequency analysis method has not been thoroughly researched and widely used. This work has studied the time-frequency analysis of the reactor neutron noise experimental signals under bubble disturbance and control rod vibration. First, an experimental platform was established, and it could be employed to reactor neutron noise experiment and data acquisition. Secondly, two types of reactor neutron noise experiments were performed, and valid experimental data was obtained. Finally, time-frequency analysis was conducted on the experimental data, and effective analysis results were obtained in the low-frequency part. Through this work, it can be concluded that the time-frequency analysis technique can effectively investigate the core dynamics behavior and deepen the identification of the unstable core process.