• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was done to assess development and postnatal care interventions in postnatal care intervention records for maternity ward nurses in tertiary hospitals and women's hospitals in South Korea. Methods: This mixed-method research was a Time-Motion (TM) study. Data were collected through external observation of 12 nurses in 4 wards over 24 hours. Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were employed for the analysis of frequency and provision time of direct/indirect care activity. $x^2$ (Fisher's exact test) was utilized to determine the difference in frequency between two groups. IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical program was employed for calculation. All statistical significance levels were at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: According to the KPCS-1 (Korean Patient Classification System-1), women's hospitals are group 3 and tertiary hospitals, group 4. With respect to time difference in direct care, tertiary hospitals showed 791 minutes and women's hospitals, 399 a difference of 392 minutes. For time difference in indirect care, women's hospitals had 2,415 minutes while tertiary hospitals, 2,080, a difference of 335 minutes for women's hospitals. No difference was found in the average total care workload between the two institutions. Individual time also showed no difference (p>.05). Conclusion: High-risk maternal care strength in tertiary hospitals and breast-feeding strength in women's hospitals need to be benchmarked with each other.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of stride time and stride length provided by a commercial APDM inertial sensor system (APDM) with the results of three dimensional motion capture system (3D motion) during treadmill walking. Method: Five healthy men participated in this experiment. All subjects walked on the treadmill for 3 minutes at their preferred walking speed. The 3D motion and the APDM were simultaneously used for extracting gait variables such as stride time and stride length. Mean difference and root mean squared (RMS) difference were used to compare the measured gait variables from the two measurement devices. The regression equation derived from the range of motion of the lower limb was also applied to correct the error of stride length. Results: The stride time extracted from the APDM was almost the same as that from the 3D motion (the mean difference and RMS difference were less than 0.0001 sec and 0.0085 sec, respectively). For stride length, mean difference and RMS difference were less than 0.1141 m and 0.1254 m, respectively. However, after correction of the stride length error using the derived regression equation, the mean difference and the RMS difference decreased to 0.0134 m and 0.0556 m or less, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed the possibility of using the temporal variables provided from the APDM during treadmill walking. By applying the regression equation derived only from the range of motion provided by the APDM, the error of the spatial variable could be reduced. Although further studies are needed with additional subjects and various walking speeds, these results may provide the basic data necessary for using APDM in treadmill walking.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.209-237
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study is to find the difference of information searching behaviours consist of information pursuit cognition and searching character by time pressure of researchers. The majar findings and result by time pressure of researchers are summarized as follows : In terms of information retrieval systems, according to the time pressure, there is a significant difference in recall, precision and diversity. In terms of main used material, there is a significant difference in a book, a research report, and a Journal. In terms of resource types, there is a significant difference in both record and human resource. Also, in terms of searching behaviours, there is a difference to spend time for information collection and information searching strategy, and to decide information searching method and degree of searching.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 2008

Purpose : The research which sees width for a wide gain and loss is about brush qualitative management of the child about dental hygiene of the child is investigated the brush qualitative actual condition. Methods : The data which is collected used SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 11.5 programs and analyzed, a frequency and a percentage with analytical technique, in order to grasp the general quality of the investigation object person produced to examine is about the brush quality control actual condition of the children opinion t-test (verification) frequency analyses and $x^2$(Chi-square) verifications, executed. Result : The followings are the findings of this research. First, the children about the reason which wipes this 83.4% the thing protection dental caries answer back, followed in grade and considers the difference which was visible(p<0.001). Second, wipes whether to experience is educated answer back 83.0% was educated, followed in sex and considers the difference which was visible(p<0.05). Third, when 1 time is brush quality of the children doing, in grade and the time when becomes disturbance was, most between 2~3 minutes followed considers the difference which was visible(p<0.01). Fourth, when 1 time is brush quality of the children doing, in grade and the time when becomes disturbance was, most between 2~3 minutes followed considers the difference which was visible(p<0.01). Fifth, when 1 time is brush quality of the children doing, in grade and the time when becomes disturbance was, most between 2~3 minutes followed considers the difference which was visible(p<0.05, p<.001). Sixth, Use duration of the toothbrush the child of most was 3~6 months, according to grade and sex was visible the difference which considers. Conclusion : Are oral healthily of the children is the knowledge which relates with a brush quality and practical degree important. Therefore this there must be dental health education program development will be able to improve, means must reflect the dental health education at the time of.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.30-40
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference in muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time according to a LLD and object weight When subjects performed a lifting task. Design: Repeated measure design Methods: 15 male adults participated in this study. When subjects performed a lifting task, we measured a difference of muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time in the rectus abdominis(RA), the erector spinae(ES), and the rectus femoris(RF) between both legs using the surface electromyogram (Telemyo DTS, Noraxon Inc., USA). When subjects performed a lifting task, the weight of the object was set to 0% kg, 10% kg, and 20% kg of the subject's body weight, excluding the weight of the box. Results: The difference in muscle activity in the RA, the ES, and the RF between both legs when lifting an object was larger in LLD condition than in non-LLD condition(p<0.05). In all of muscles, the difference of contraction onset time was generally increased as the object's weight increased. Specially, the difference in muscle contraction onset time in the RA, the ES between both legs was larger in the LLD condition than in the non-LLD condition(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that LLD affects the muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time during lifting objects. It can be used as data to prevent joint damage and muscle due to the LLD during work and movements of daily living.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.25 no.1_2
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• pp.269-282
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• 2007

In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional fractional space-time diffusion equation (2DFSTDE) on a finite domain. We examine an implicit difference approximation to solve the 2DFSTDE. Stability and convergence of the method are discussed. Some numerical examples are presented to show the application of the present technique.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.5
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• pp.11-16
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• 1998

DS/CDMA systems for the high speed communication require high code rats. In discrete time CDMA receivers, the performance degradation, caused by the phase difference between transmission code and reference code, increase the sampling frquency of the receiver. This increment of the sampling frequency makes hard to implement high speed CDMA systems. This paper analyzes the SIR(signal to interference Ratio) performance of the discrete time DS/CDMA system, based on the code phase difference. The results of this paper may be useful to study a low-sampling CDMA receiver.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

To examine the trend on the flowering time in some weather flora including Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Robinia pseudo-acacia in Busan, the changes in time series and rate of flowering time of plants were analyzed using the method of time series analysis. According to the correlation between the flowering time and the temperature, changing pattern of flowering time was very similar to the pattern of the temperature, and change rate was gradually risen up as time goes on. Especially, the change rate of flowering time in C. bipinnatus was 0.487 day/year and showed the highest value. In flowering date in 2007, the difference was one day between measurement value and prediction value in C. bipinnatus and R. pseudo-acacia, whereas the difference was 8 days in P. mume showing great difference compared to other plants. Flowering time was highly related with temperature of February and March in the weather flora except for P. mume, R. pseudo-acacia and C. bipinnatus. In most plants, flowering time was highly related with a daily average temperature. However, the correlation between flowering time and a daily minimum temperature was the highest in Rhododendron mucronulatum and P. persica, otherwise the correlation between flowering time and a daily maximum temperature was the highest in Pyrus sp.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.1017-1025
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• 2000

The human auditory system has been shown to posses remarkable abilities in the localization and tracking of sound sources. The localization is the result of processing two primary acoustics cues. These are the interaural time difference(ITD) cues and interaural intensity difference(IID) cues at the two ears. In this paper, we propose TEPILD(Time Energy Previous Integration Location Detector) model. TEPILD model is constructed with time function generator, energy function generator, previous location generator and azimuth detector. Time function generator is to process ITD and energy function generator is to process IID. Total average accuracy rate is 99.2%. These result are encouraging and show that proposed model can be applied to the sound source location detector.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.206-214
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• 2018

This paper proposes an impact point estimation algorithm of the rifle using microphone sensors. The proposed algorithm resolves the time synchronization problem by expanding the existing ToA (Time of Arrival) method to TDoA (Time Difference of Arrival) method and verifies the performance of the algorithm through the actual shooting experiments. By comparing analysis of the actual and the estimated impact points by the algorithm, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance by estimating the impact point accurately within the tolerance range.