• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.618-630
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• 2020

Muna teakwood, especially from old stands, has been popular as raw material for timber industries in Indonesia for the past ten decades. Due to the scarcity of this wood, superior-grown seedlings of Muna teakwood have been developed and widely planted. Since there is no information on its characteristics, therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate wood characteristics of the 8-year-old superior-grown teak from Muna Island to ensure their proper utilization as raw material for wooden furniture. Wood discs and boards from basal area of three different trees were used as the samples. Macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characteristics were observed following the IAWA's list, while their physical-mechanical properties were measured following British Standard 373-57. Results showed that anatomical characteristics of this wood sample are similar to regular teakwood, but its heartwood portion is higher. Differences among trees are found in regards to wood texture, growth ring width, as well as early and latewood portion. The green moisture content was lower than that of fast-growing teak of a similar age. The wood is more stable than the old teakwood, but its specific gravity is lower. In general, mechanical properties of this wood were higher than those of the regular fast-growing teakwood, but lower than the old one. Based on its specific gravity, this superior Muna teakwood was categorized as a Strength Class of III. The wood is suitable enough for wooden furniture manufacturing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2012

In Japan, about 67% of the land is covered by forests and about 41% of them consist of plantations. About 35% of the plantations consist of old-aged plantations of older than 50 yearsand the percentage is projected to 67% in ten years' time. Although the trees of these plantations are supposed to be cut for timber production, most of them remain unmanaged and thus overcrowded mainly due to declining domestic forest industry. Since the forests are mostly located in headwater watershed, there are growing concerns about the degradation of water resources by these unmanaged plantations. To understand the ecohydrological processes in these plantations and examine the effect of intensive 50-60 % thinning to increase infiltration rate and reduce overland flow and soil erosion by recovering understory vegetation, the JST-CREST project "Development of Innovative Technologies for Increasing in Watershed Runoff and Improving River Environment by the Management Practice of Devastated Forest Plantation (Representative: Yuichi Onda)" has been launched since 2009. The ultimate objective of this project is to provide potential scenario to enhance low flow discharge in drought period and reduce turbid material in high flow period. We have been conductingintensive field observation campaign in five research sites across Japan. In Fukuoka site, integrated ecohydrological observations have been conductedin two contrastive watersheds since 2010. Intensive 50% thinning was conducted from January to April 2012 and comparative studies of ecohydrological processes before and after thinning have been started. The interim results from all the sites of this project will be presented in the 3rd International Congress for Forest and Water in a Changing Environment held in Fukuoka during 18-20 September, 2012 (http://www.forest.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~ecohydrol/3ForestWater/index.html).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2002

Four kinds of kalosaponins from inner bark of Kalopanax pictus Nakai as a medicinal and edible timber tree species growing in Korea was analyzed by HPLC. A considerable range of variation in the contents was observed among population. The kalosaponins contents in inner bark from each population were the highest in the Mt. Barwang (30.37 mg/g on the dry weight basis) followed by Mt. Gariwang, Hanra II, Mangun, Paltan, and Hanra II population. Growth factors that might have influenced the contents of the kalosaponins were also examined. As both analysis results of partial correlation and multiple regression, the weight of inner bark and tree age were influenced the kalosaponin O contents. The kalosaponin B contents was influenced by both the weight of inner layer bark and annual mean DBH increment. The contents of kalosaponins appeared to be closely related to the inner bark characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Indonesian log production is dominated by young trees harvested from plantation forests. The timber contains of sapwood and juvenile wood, which are not resistant to termite attack. Smoking treatment can enhance wood resistance to termite attack, but it also changes the color. Specimens of mangium (Acacia mangium) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 weeks to smoke produced from the pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. The color change of the wood was measured using the CIELab method. In addition, wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) under laboratory conditions. Untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood samples were also prepared for comparison purposes. The results showed that the color of smoked wood differed from that of untreated wood, and the color change for sengon was greater than for mangium. In addition, the 1-week smoking period changed the wood color less than the 2- and 3-week periods, which did not differ. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had distinctive color changes compared to untreated wood. Untreated mangium wood had moderate resistance to subterranean termite attack (resistance class III), while sengon had very poor resistance (resistance class V). Salam wood smoke enhanced wood resistance to termite attack, and smoke treatment of 1 week for mangium and 2 weeks for sengon resulted in the wood becoming very resistant (resistance class I). Both types of smoked wood were more resistant to subterranean termite attack than imidacloprid-preserved wood (average class II resistance).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2019

The walnut (Juglans regia L.), a member of the Juglandaceae, is native to the mountain ranges of central Asia. This species of walnut is valued commercially for its nuts and in some areas for its timber. The seeds of walnut are recalcitrant and it has strong integument dormancy and their germination is irregular, making its natural propagation difficult. Low percentage of seed germination and long propagation cycle are the main problems of propagation. This study was conducted medium composition on in vitro plantlet regeneration from axillary buds of walnut. It has proved to be the most generally applicable and reliable method of in vitro propagation. Micropropagation culture that axillary buds are excised aseptically enables faster multiplication of plants. The axillary buds of walnut new cultivar "Sinlyeong" were cultured on two basal media which contained the different plant growth regulators depending on the respective shooting and rooting stage. After 12 weeks, the shoot generation rate was 85.3%, the shoot number and its length were 1.9/explant and 2.7 cm in the most favorable medium composition. The percentage of rooting was 25.4%. From these results, it was found the optimum basal medium and plant growth regulator for in vitro plant regeneration from axillary buds of walnut new cultivar "Sinlyeong". However, we have continued to search the other medium additives to enhance the rate of walnut root.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.259-276
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• 2001

Mt. Seoun(574 meters above sea level) is located in the southern part of An-sung city, Korea, within 36$^{\circ}$54'~36$^{\circ}$50'N, 127$^{\circ}$16'~127$^{\circ}$19'E. Field surveys were carried out nine times from March to October, 2000. Main results obtained from this study were as follows. The flora of vascular plants investigated in this survey was 439 taxa belonging to 90 families, 268 genera, 383 species, 49 varieties, 5 forma, 2 hybrid. As a result of this study, rare and endangered(Tricyrtis dilatata Nakai, Gastrodia elata Bl., Saururus chinenses Baill., Viola albida Palibin.) and many endemic species(Athyrium acatipinnulum Kodama., Tricyrtis dilatate Nakai, Paulownia coreana Uyeki., Salix hallaisanensis Lev., Asperula Iasiantha Nakai, Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey, Melamdryum seoulense Nakai, Clematis trichotoma Nakai, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nakai, Syringa dilatata Nakai, Chloranthus japonicus var. koreanus Sieb, Scutellaria insignis Nakai) of Korea were distributed in this area. Also the naturalized plants which were appeared in this area were 24 taxa(5.5 %). Among the plant resources, there are 239 taxa of edible plants(54.4%), 270 taxa of medicinal plants(61.5%), 217 taxa of ornamental plants(49.4%), 46 taxa of timber plants(10.5%) and 56 taxa of pasture plants(12.8%).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.409-423
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• 2007

The flora and the useful economic plants of Mt. Gangcheon was investigated from March to November, 2005. Vascular plants of this area consisted of total 379 taxa; 6 forms, 45 varieties, 328 species, 253 genera, 97 families. It corresponds to 9.31% of totally 4,071 taxa distributed in Korea. The useful plants of this area were 315 taxa. It corresponds to 83.1% of collected plants in this area. Among the useful plants, there were 161 taxa of edible source, 121 taxa of pastural source, 147 taxa of medicinal source, 82 taxa of ornamental source, 11 taxa of timber source, 14 taxa of industrial source. Korean endemic plants were composed of 16 taxa - 14 families, 16 genera, 12 species, 3 varieties, 1 forma. It corresponded to 4.2% of collected materials. The floristic specialized species of $III{\sim}V$ grades were 9 taxa, it correspond to 2.3% of collected materials. The naturalized plants were 15 taxa, it corresponded to 6.7% of 225 taxa distributed in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.217-234
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• 2015

The ethnobotanical study was conducted to record and conserve the traditional knowledge of botanical taxa in Jeju island, Korea from March to November, 2011. According to the survey results, derived from 1,774 sheets of 177 residents at 78 places, the ethnobotanical plants in Jeju island consisted of a total 356 taxa; 103 families, 260 genera, 312 species, 2 subspecies, 37 varieties and 5 form. The analysis of usage for 365 taxa showed that the medicinal use was the highest with 284 taxa, followed by edible with 145 taxa, ritual with 36 taxa, craft with 31 taxa and timber with 31 taxa respectively. The leaf of plant was the most useful part, followed by stem and whole plant. The most frequently mentioned taxon was Plantago asiatica (34 citations), followed by Artemisia princeps (32 citations) and Lonicera japonica (30 citations).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-179
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Mt. Ilsan (Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do). The vascular plants were summarized as 496 taxa; 91 families, 295 genera, 422 species, 1 subspecies, 58 varieties, and 15 forma. Among the investigated 496 taxa, 17 Korean endemic, nine rare, and one endangered plants were included. Based on the list of the species of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment, 66 taxa including Hanabusaya asiatica and Aconitum koreanum were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were identified as 27 taxa and the percent of naturalized plant species(PN) was 5.4% of all 496 taxa vascular plants. Usage of 496 taxa were consists of 201 taxa(40.5%) of edible plants, 168 taxa(33.9%) of medicinal plants, 69 taxa(13.9%) of pasture plants, 61 taxa(12.3%) of ornamental plants, 17 taxa(3.4%) of timber plants, 16 taxa(3.2%) of fiber plants and 4 taxa(0.8%) of industrial plants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.405-417
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• 2019

We analyzed the profitability of Korea's forestry by evaluating stumpage prices of the main economic tree species. Stumpage prices are evaluated with a market value formula, subtracting logging and transporting costs from market prices of logs. If trees are sold at the current cutting age, the stumpage price of larch is about 4.5 million KRW per hectare and that of Korean pine is about 3.7 million KRW per hectare. The stumpage prices do not cover reforestation cost, which is about 6.1 million KRW per hectare. If government subsidies did not support the cost of reforestation and silviculture, there would be no profits at all. The cost of forestry is very high in terms of planting and silviculture. In the future, the prices of logs are not predicted to rise and the wages for labor are not predicted to fall. Without reforming the current forestry regime, Korean forestry is, thus, not sustainable. Therefore, low-cost forestry efforts like natural regeneration should be adopted to make forestry viable. Investments in forestry infrastructure like forest roads are also required to decrease the timber logging and transporting costs.