• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.81-99
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• 2015

The acceleration of global warming has required better understanding of carbon cycles over local and regional areas such as the Korean peninsula. Since forests serve as a carbon sink, which stores a large amount of terrestrial carbon, there has been a demand to accurately estimate such forest carbon sequestration. In Korea, the National Forest Inventory(NFI) has been used to estimate the forest carbon stocks based on the amount of growing stocks per hectare measured at sampled location. However, as such data are based on point(i.e., plot) measurements, it is difficult to identify spatial distribution of forest carbon stocks. This study focuses on urban areas, which have limited number of NFI samples and have shown rapid land cover change, to estimate grid-based forest carbon stocks based on UNFCCC Approach 3 and Tier 3. Land cover change and forest carbon stocks were estimated using Landsat 5 TM data acquired in 1991, 1992, 2010, and 2011, high resolution airborne images, and the 3rd, 5th~6th NFI data. Machine learning techniques(i.e., random forest and support vector machines/regression) were used for land cover change classification and forest carbon stock estimation. Forest carbon stocks were estimated using reflectance, band ratios, vegetation indices, and topographical indices. Results showed that 33.23tonC/ha of carbon was sequestrated on the unchanged forest areas between 1991 and 2010, while 36.83 tonC/ha of carbon was sequestrated on the areas changed from other land-use types to forests. A total of 7.35 tonC/ha of carbon was released on the areas changed from forests to other land-use types. This study was a good chance to understand the quantitative forest carbon stock change according to the land cover change. Moreover the result of this study can contribute to the effective forest management.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the contemporary Chinese fashion market and the competitiveness of Korean fashion brands in China. Fashion professionals experienced in both the Korean and Chinese fashion markets participated to investigate the Shanghai market and consumers. The results of in-depth interviews show that Shanghai is the most favorable city among Tier 1 cities for Korean fashion brands planning on entering into the Chinese market. Shanghai consumers are open to international brands and highly prefer newness in fashion. Contemporary menswear was selected as a potentially big market due to the increase of unique, young, upper-middle-class male consumers. The Korean fashion brands' strength is that they are capable of satisfying Shanghai consumers with excellent product planning and sensory design capabilities. Their disadvantage is that their brand recognition is weaker than that of global and international brands, and their ability to localize to the Chinese market is weak. The opportunity comes is from the Korean Wave, which is a positive for Korea's products and has good geographical access. The threat is that the Shanghai market is fiercely competitive; having access to many worldwide brands, and the competitiveness of Chinese brands is on the rise. To enter the Shanghai market, creative design ability, trendy product development, skill, and appropriate PR methods such as using Korean culture contents would be required to satisfy the young, powerful consumers in Shanghai.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.29-44
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• 2014

This thesis aims to compare the representative costume patterns of the Chinese Qing dynasty and contemporary $18^{th}$ century French costumes. As a research method, qualitative research was performed to compare and analyze the patterns of the flowers, the birds and pagoda shown in Qing dynasty and France. The results are as follows: The Chinese flower patterns used the embroidery technique for 3-step gradation colors to decorate flowers with less than 10 petals. Also, the forms of the flowers were large and simple in China. The flower patterns of the 18th century France is more similar to those of Qing dynasty than to the traditional French flower patterns. They used the drawing technique for the gradation colors and completed the work by embroidery. In the case of bird patterns, the crane on menswear, and the phoenix on women's wear were applied to signify the symbolic feature of the Chinese symbolism. On the other hand, those in France were used solely for the division of the gender. As a result the clear form of the birds in China contrasted with the unclear forms of birds in France. During the influx of mandarine square to France from China, the application of crane and phoenix according to gender seems to be stressed emphatically without considering their symbolic meaning. In light of the pagoda pattern, Qing dynasty showed interest only in the form of pagoda, denoting the simple two-tier structure without detailed description. Whereas in France, the pagodas were three or four tiers, with gorgeous colors and much more detail than those of Qing dynasty. In conclusion, the main determinants of influences on the patterns of France from China would be forms, colors, constructions and technique of embroidery, along with the disregard for symbolic significance.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-137
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• 2011

A bio-inspired two-mode structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on the Na$\ddot{i}$ve Bayes (NB) classification method is discussed in this paper. To implement the molecular biology based Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) array concept in structural health monitoring, which has been demonstrated to be superior in disease detection, two types of array expression data have been proposed for the development of the SHM algorithm. For the micro-vibration mode, a two-tier auto-regression with exogenous (AR-ARX) process is used to extract the expression array from the recorded structural time history while an ARX process is applied for the analysis of the earthquake mode. The health condition of the structure is then determined using the NB classification method. In addition, the union concept in probability is used to improve the accuracy of the system. To verify the performance and reliability of the SHM algorithm, a downscaled eight-storey steel building located at the shaking table of the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) was used as the benchmark structure. The structural response from different damage levels and locations was collected and incorporated in the database to aid the structural health monitoring process. Preliminary verification has demonstrated that the structure health condition can be precisely detected by the proposed algorithm. To implement the developed SHM system in a practical application, a SHM prototype consisting of the input sensing module, the transmission module, and the SHM platform was developed. The vibration data were first measured by the deployed sensor, and subsequently the SHM mode corresponding to the desired excitation is chosen automatically to quickly evaluate the health condition of the structure. Test results from the ambient vibration and shaking table test showed that the condition and location of the benchmark structure damage can be successfully detected by the proposed SHM prototype system, and the information is instantaneously transmitted to a remote server to facilitate real-time monitoring. Implementing the bio-inspired two-mode SHM practically has been successfully demonstrated.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.4B
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• pp.584-591
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose an adaptive Relay Station (RS) coverage extension scheme for the Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR) systems. The MMR system with a non-transparent mode RS can be used to extend BS coverage using the remaining capacity of the Base Station(BS). Thus, the call blocking may occur in RSs when calls arrive very often in Multi-hop Relay Base Station (MR-BS). In the proposed scheme, RSs can be connected to the neighbor MMR system as the 2ndtier RSs if the neighbor MMR system services low traffic load when calls are frequently arrived in MR-BS or RSs. By doing so, the MMR system can accept a new call without call blocking. Through numerical results, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional MMR system in terms of the throughput and call blocking probability of MMR systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduce the technologies to handle the interference in the heterogeneous network and evaluate the performance of enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (enhanced ICIC, eICIC) techniques that are being introduced in 3GPP Release 10. In the time-domain eICIC scheme, time-domain resources are scheduled to avoid the interference by using Almost Blank Subframe (ABS) and Cell Range Expansion (CRE). To mitigate the cross-tier interference between macro and femtocell, it is important to efficiently combine the ABS and CRE in heterogeneous network. Since it is hard to evaluate the total throughput of heterogeneous network numerically, we evaluate the total throughput by using system level simulation (SLS). As a result of evaluation, the throughputs of many different cases of combination of ABS and CRE are compared.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.293-311
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• 2009

The purpose of this article is to present comparative analysis of electronic information purchase in Korean university libraries relative to university libraries overseas. An overall comparison is made between libraries in Korea and in the U.S. in terms of their budget for electronic information. In addition, we compared the lists of web databases in service among three top-tier Korean universities and nine foreign universities(6 in the U.S., 1 in Canada, 1 in Australia, and 1 in China). The findings show that Korean universities tend to subscribe heavily to electronic journals packages than competing libraries overseas. However, in terms of providing subject-based reference databases, our libraries are far behind even mediocre institutions in these countries. We propose a number of recommendations to strengthen national licensing of electronic scholarly materials as a way to enhance access to electronic information through university libraries.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2006-2012
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• 2013

This case study deal with the investigation of various causes and analyses concerning the cases of the collapse of reinforced segmental retaining walls installed for newly constructing a peripheral road within the campus of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University located in Gyeonggi-do. As results of stability analyses and reviewing of design documents concerning collapsed reinforced segmental retaining walls, such a collapse appeared because of problems related to construction including poor-compacted backfill, the omission of the investigation on the bearing capacity, the length and space in the installation of reinforced materials, and drainage systems. Also, problems during diverse types of designing were confirmed involving the stability analysis of the entire slope stability to be considered during designing and failure in application of the proposed methods of FHWA or NCMA which are generally used for two-tier reinforced segmental retaining walls. In addition, based on these details of the stability assessment, the study proposed reinforcement solutions and construction methods for stabilizing reinforced segmental retaining walls to be reconstructed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.122-129
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• 2009

Strategic planning is an essential function of senior management in any business firm. Planning involves the firm's behavior in an competitive market and adaptation of the company's resources towards the selected market strategy. This study presents a methodological procedure for strategic planning in global top-tier construction firms. This procedure consists of the following stages. First, analyzed growth of revenue in which weight of total construction firms' revenue shown in Global Top 225 Contractors(ENR). Second, analyzed specialty of construction products. The products are General Building, Power, Water Supply, Industrial/Petroleum Process, and Transportation. Third, analyzed business the portfolio plan. The business portfolio plan includes both local/overseas market and specification/diversification of construction products. It affects the subsequent choice of a benchmarking for development of each construction company. The choice of the benchmarking firm, among several available alternatives, should follow a careful analysis of the characteristics and benefits inherent in the implementation of each.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

This study explores how players' characteristic factors affect on trolling behaviors. The data was collected through online survey from online communities of League of Legends(N=914, male=770, female=144, average of age=22.19, SD of age=4.78). Questionnaire includes age, level/tier, self-esteem, basic psychological needs, aggression, and trolling behaviors. Result shows that player characteristic factors which influence on players trolling behavior are 'age', 'physical aggression', 'verbal aggression'. Discussion suggests that the understanding of player's characteristics which influence on trolling behaviors has to precede the improvement of system structure in order to eradicate trolling behaviors.