• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.70-73
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• 2002

기업 환경의 변화, 정보통신 기술의 발전 등으로 인한 비즈니스 패러다임의 전환은 산업전반에 있어서 비즈니스 모델(Business Model)의 중요성을 부각시키고 있다. 그러나 기존의 비즈니스 모델에 대한 연구는 온라인에서의 거래(transaction)방식에 의한 사후적 분류와 프로세스 설계에 초점인 맞추어져 있어, 실제 기업, 특히 오프라인 기업의 의사결정을 지원하기에는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서, 기업의 비즈니스 설계와 이에 따른 전략 수립을 지원하기 위한 비즈니스 모델링 방법론에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 비즈니스를 시장(market), 참여자(actor), 거래(transaction)의 3개 계층(tier)으로 파악하고, 각 계층에서의 비즈니스 설계를 위해서 고려되어야할 요소를 찾고, 이에 따라 비즈니스를 표현하는 설계 방법론 (design framework)인 MAT를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) suggested the three methodology, Tier 1/2/3, considering with the accuracy and difficulty of greenhouse gas emission statistics according to the report determined as the international criterion. In Korea, the existing inventory building was made by the Top-down approach applying with the emission factors for transportation in the entire energy consumption, the emission factors were investigated under the domestic traffic situation which did not reflect by the continuing increase of vehicle and the change of road section. From the suggestion of IPCC, which it is estimated that the emission estimation of $CO_2$ in greenhouse gas emission could be calculated more accurate by the carbon content according to the fuel, the establishment of measures to respond to climate change from the latest greenhouse gas emissions statistics will be able to improve the accuracy of national statistics using monthly or seasonally the analysis of carbon content about the transportation fuels.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 2017

Nowadays, digital forensic experts are not only computer experts who restore and find deleted files, but also general experts who posses various capabilities including knowledge about processes/laws, communication skills, and ethics. However, there have been few studies about qualifications or competencies required for digital forensic experts comparing with their importance. Therefore, in this study, AHP questionnaires were distributed to digital forensic experts and analyzed to derive priorities of competencies; the first-tier questions which consisted of knowledge, technology, and attitude, and the second-tier ones which have 20 items. Research findings showed that the most important competency was knowledge, followed by technology and attitude but no significant difference was found. Among 20 items of the second-tier competencies, the most important competency was "digital forensics equipment/tool program utilization skill" and it was followed by "data extraction and imaging skill from storage devices." Attitude such as "judgment," "morality," "communication skill," "concentration" were subsequently followed. The least critical one was "substantial law related to actual cases." Previous studies on training/education for digital forensics experts focused on law, IT knowledge, and usage of analytic tools while attitude-related competencies have not given proper attention. We hope this study can provide helpful implications to design curriculum and qualifying exam to foster digital forensic experts.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.634-643
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• 2023

Purpose: Underground common duct fires are steadily occurring, and the proportion of property damage is particularly large among property and human casualties caused by fires. Especially, cable fires that occur in common areas can spread vertically quickly and pose a great risk. This paper aims to scientifically analyze the nature of the fire by reproducing the fire through experiments. Method: To analyze the characteristics of cable fires in underground common duct, heat release rate and temperature changes were measured through Room-corner (ISO 9705) test, and the vertical and horizontal propagation of cable fires was quantitatively compared and analyzed. Result: The Room Corner Test (ISO 9705) was used to compare the temperature changes at each data logger point. The results showed that the time it took for the fire to reach the ignition temperature in the horizontal and vertical directions from the center point of the first-tier cable was 589 seconds and 536 seconds, respectively, which means that the vertical fire propagation is 53 seconds faster than the horizontal propagation. This proves that the vertical propagation of fire is relatively faster than the horizontal propagation. The horizontal propagation speed of the fire was also compared for each floor cable tray. The results showed that the third-tier cable propagated at 3.4 times the speed of the second-tier cable, and the second-tier cable propagated at 1.5 times the speed of the first-tier cable. This means that the higher the cable is located, the faster the fire spreads and the larger the fire becomes. Conclusion: This study identified the risks of cable fires and analyzed the risks of vertical fire propagation during cable fires based on the results of the Room Corner Test. Studies to prevent the spread of fire and fire response policies to prevent vertical fire propagation are required. The results of this study are expected to be used to assess the fire risk of common areas and other fires.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 1993

For the purpose of assessing structural integrity at a level of complexity and accuracy appropriate for the situation, integrity assessment methods are formulated with the following methods. One is three-tier assessment method of the revised BSI PD 6493 which considers stable crack growth effect, the others are limit load analysis which estimates the plastic collapse load and stability assessment method which considers stable crack growth of ductile material exactly using J-integral and tearing modulus. Besides, integrity assessments for center cracked panel(CCP) specimen and the circumferential through-cracked pipe are carried out and reliability analysis is accomplished by the first order reliability method which is one of the conventional reliability methods. Also the accuracy of the present method is verified by Monte Carlo method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.181-190
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• 2009

DBMS access that used high speed internet web service through WAS is increasing. Need application of DB security technology for 3-Tier about DBMS by unspecified majority and access about roundabout way connection and competence control. If do roundabout way connection to DBMS through WAS, DBMS server stores WAS's information that is user who do not store roundabout way connection user's IP information, and connects to verge system. To DBMS in this investigation roundabout way connection through WAS do curie information that know chasing station security thanks recording and Forensic data study. Store session about user and query information that do login through web constructing MetaDB in communication route, and to DBMS server log storing done query information time stamp query because do comparison mapping actuality user discriminate. Apply making Rule after Pattern analysis receiving log by elevation method of security authoritativeness, and develop Module and keep in the data storing place through collection and compression of information. Kept information can minimize false positives of station chase through control of analysis and policy base administration module that utilize intelligence style DBMS security client.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.291-306
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• 2020

In this study, we developed a learning progression for the structure of the solar system using multi-tier supply form items and validated its appropriateness. To this end, by applying Wilson's (2005) construct modeling approach, we set up 'solar system components,' 'size and distance pattern of solar system planets,' and 'solar system modeling' as the progress variables of the learning progression and constructed multi-tier supply form items for each of these variables. The items were applied to 150 fifth graders before and after the classes that dealt with the 'solar system and star' unit. To describe the results of the assessment, the students' responses to each item were categorized into five levels. By analyzing the Wright map that was created by applying the partial credit Rasch model, we validated the appropriateness of the learning progression based on the students' responses. In addition, the validity of the hypothetical pathway that was established in the learning progression was verified by tracking changes in the developmental level of students before and after the classes. The results of the research are as follows. The bottom-up research method that used multi-tier supply form items was able to elaborately set the empirical learning progression for the conceptualization of the structure of the solar system that is taught in elementary school. In addition, the validity of the learning progression was high, and the development of students was found to change with the learning progression.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.1631-1634
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• 2003

분산환경에서의 웹뷰 (WebView)는 기본적으로 3 단계 구조 (3-tier architecture)를 기본으로 하고 있으며, 이를 통하여 사용자가 요구하는 정보를 구체화시켜 제공하게 되나 현재 인터넷 환경에서는 사용자가 요구하는 정보가 한곳에만 있다고 볼 수 없다. 즉, 적절히 분산되어 있는 각 웹 서버의 정보를 다양하게 활용할 수 있는 환경을 제공하여야 사용자가 요구하는 정보를 얻을 수 있으며, 이를 위한 적합한 데이터 저장 및 웹뷰 유지 방법이 제시되어야 한다. 그러나 일반적인 3 단계 구조를 적절히 분산되어 있는 환경에 적응할 경우 사용자의 질의에 해당하는 정보를 추출할 수 있는 방법, 네트워크 연결시의 지연과 네트워크의 장애 등으로 인하여 많은 시간적인 문제와 상대방에서의 잘못된 정보의 전달 등으로 인하여 사용자가 요구하는 정보를 전달할 수 없으며, 이에 따른 추가적인 비용 모델이 산정하여야 한다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문에서는 기존의 단일 3 단계 모델을 확장한 분산환경에서의 사용자 서비스와 가장 관계가 있는 계층으로 OSI 7 레이어에서 응용 계층으로 사용자 서비스와 응용 계충의 사이에서는 제공하고 있는 분산 정보 서비스에 대한 조건의 확장을 통하여 추후 고려하여야 할 분산된 네트워크 웹뷰 모델에서의 성능 및 비용분석에 대비한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.254-263
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• 2020

This study developed indexes of farmers' acceptance factors for new farming technologies and evaluated the importance of the developed. For this study, farming technologies were classified according to the criteria established by the Rural Development Administration, and the Delphi technique was applied to evaluate the importance of the indexes. The indexes were composed of two tiers and evaluated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results showed that the importance of the first tier was finance and profitability with 43.9%, technology affairs 23.6%, labor environments 22.4%, and related industries and service system 10.1%. The importance of the second tier was the ease of technology acceptance 64.9% and technology completion 35.1% for technology affairs in the first tier, labor intensity 53.7%, work hazard 26.7%, working hours 19.6% for labor environment, farm income increment 69.9% and new fund required 30.1% for finance and profitability, and training and service system 66.7% and activation of related industries 33.7% for related industry and service system. This study may contribute to farmers' acceptance of new farming technologies and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural research and extension activities by the Rural Development Administration.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

As the web technologies advance, most of applications have being developed as web applications. The web has advantages of high interoperability due to the web standards though the applications run on heterogenous platforms. However, as the systems are growing and have some interoperability problems, the government and the big companies require interoperability testing for new systems. In this paper, we introduce some interoperability issues for web applications and classify them into three groups according to 3-tier client/server architecture. We also propose interoperability testing process and tasks to be performed at each step in the process.