• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tier 2

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An Improved MList for Efficient Event List Management in Discrete Event Simulation (이산사건 시뮬레이션에서의 효율적인 이벤트 리스트 관리를 위한 MList의 개선 방안)

  • Kim, Seong-Gon;Yim, Dong-Soon
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2009
  • This paper deals with the priority queues exploited for the management of future event list in discrete event simulation. Among several implementations of priority queues, MList which consists of 3 tiers has been known to reveal the good performance. To improve the performance of MList, Dynamic-Shift MList (DSMList) is proposed in this paper. Whenever the number of events in tier 3 exceeds a critical number, DSMList creates new calendar queue in tier 2, then moves events from Tier 3 to the calendar queue. Instead of one calendar queue, therefore, a number of calendar queues are dynamically created in tier 2. Throughout experiments for the performance evaluation of DSMList, it shows that at least 20% improvement is obtained compared with MList.

Efficiency Analysis of Jeollanam-do Food Exprt Industry using DEA and Tier Models (DEA 모형과 Tier 분석을 이용한 전라남도 식품수출업체의 효율성 분석)

  • Chang, Seog-Ju
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.125-136
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    • 2017
  • This study focuses on a relative efficiency of 109 operating food companies out of 22 regions in Jeollanam-do. The relative efficiency has been analyzed by 5 input factors(capital, number of employees, annual labor costs, raw material purchase, and site area) and 2 output factors(annual exports and annual production of the companies in Jeollanam-do). This study suggests efficient companies which inefficient companies can benchmark to improve their system in short-mid-long term in phases. The main result of empirical analysis are as follows: Firstly, according to the Traditioanl DEA analysis, 7 companies out of 109 DMU indicate the optimal production scale in score 1 of CCR efficiency value, BCC efficiency value, and scale efficiency value. Secondly, a result from the Tier 1 step of inefficient companies by Post-DEA suggests that it would be better to apply each Tier step to the proper stage of the worst 5 inefficient companies such as Tier 3 step(short-term benchmark)${\rightarrow}$Tier 2 step(mid-term benchmark)${\rightarrow}$Tier 1 step(long-term benchmark) in step. This study expects that the result of the study can reduce the trial and error in inefficient part, lead to improvement, and have a big help in food exporting industry in the end.

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A Clint/Server-based Production Management System with 3-Tier Architecture (클라이언트/서버 기반의 3-Tier 구조를 갖는 생산 관리 시스템)

  • Kim, Young-Jin;Rim, Gi-Wook;Oh, Sam-Kweon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2000.10b
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    • pp.1581-1584
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    • 2000
  • 기업에 있어서 업무의 흐름은 생산성의 증대에 많은 영향을 주며 생산성의 향상은 곧 기업의 경쟁력과도 밀접한 관계가 있다. 이러한 이유로 최근 기업들은 기업활동의 모든 업무흐름을 유기적으로 통합하여 관리할 수 있는 클라이언트/서버 컴퓨팅 시스템을 도입하는 추세이다. 클라이언트/서버 운용은 크게 데이터베이스 서버와 응용 및 프리젠테이션 로직을 포함한 클라이언트로 구성되는데 기존의 2-Tier 기반의 시스템을 확장한 3-Tier 환경이 최근 각광을 받고 있다. 그러나 기업 내 업무의 성격, 어플리케이션 튜닝 등의 충분한 검토가 수행되지 않은 3-Tier 환경은 개발비용의 부담과 더불어 시스템의 성능을 오히려 저하시키는 결과를 초래할 수도 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 생산 제조업체의 업무의 성격과 환경에 적합하도록 2-Tier 구조를 주 기반으로 하고 일부 기능은 어플리케이션 서버에서 처리하는 3-Tier 구조의 성격을 갖도록 하여 시스템의 효율성과 차후 확장성을 갖는 생산 관리 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

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A Study on the Calculation of GHG Emissions from General Ships by Tier3 Method (일반선박의 Tier3 수준의 온실가스 배출량 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Bong, Choon-Keun;Park, Seong-Jin;Kim, Yong-Gu;Lee, Im-Hack;Lee, Hee-Kwan;Hwang, Ui-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.33 no.10
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    • pp.701-708
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    • 2011
  • In this study, the emissions of GHG from general ships were calculated by Tier1 method based on the fuel consumption, and by Tier3 method based on the activities data such as power and SFOC of each engine, sailing characteristics (e.g. time and load factor, etc.) considering the ship type. In 2009, the emissions of GHG by Tier1 and Tier3 method were appeared 28.27 mega-ton $CO_{2eq}$ and 30.81 mega-ton $CO_{2eq}$. The emissions by Tier3 were slightly more than those by Tier1. We found that the values of the sailing characteristics for surveyed data are overestimated slightly. In the near future, more detailed researches for sailing characteristics considering ship types would be needed for sailing, anchoring, and berthing condition, etc.

Empirical Study on Inter-Firm Diffusion and Firms' Performance for Win-Win Growth Culture in Supply Chain

  • Kim, Kyung-Tae;Lee, Jung Seung;Kang, Namshin
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.153-163
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among factors that expand the win-win growth between domestic finished goods-making manufacturers and subcontractors. One-hundred twenty six firms participated for this study and were used for the data analysis. As a result of analysis, first, it was found that the win-win growth between first-tier suppliers and second-tier suppliers has positive effects on the win-win growth made by second-tier suppliers helping the third-tier suppliers. Second, it was found that the win-win growth policies supported by the government for the positive relationship between first-tier suppliers and second-tier suppliers for the finished goods-making manufacturers have positive effects on the win-win growth between second-tier suppliers and third-tier suppliers. Third, the results also showed that the win-win growth between second-tier suppliers and third-tier suppliers has a positive influence both on the financial and on the non-financial performances of the second-tier suppliers. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to (1) construct infrastructure by sector through partnership between finished goods-making manufacturers and subcontractors, (2) draw in active support through the governmental win-win growth policies, (3) induce increasing productivities through information sharing, manpower support, technical support and educational support, and (4) strengthen and cultivate the culture of the small- and medium-sized companies.

An Analysis of the Jet Fuel Consumption and the GHG Emission by the Flight Phase (항공기 비행단계별 연료소비 분석 및 Tier 3 배출량 산정)

  • Lee, Ju Hyoung;Kim, Yong Seok;Shin, Hong Chul
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2014
  • The amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been increasing steadily over the last 3 years (2009~2011), averaging 5.7 percent a year, due to the growth of low cost carriers and the increased demand for air transportations. The present study attempts to investigate the aviation fuel consumption and GHG emissions of Tier 3a type by the flight phase from three aircraft type such as B737-600(routes between Gimpo-Jeju airport), B737-700(routes between Gimpo-Jeju airport and Inchon-Narita), B737-800(routes between Inchon-Narita) using the Flight Operation Quality Assurance(FOQA) data of the year 2011.

Reduction Effect of CO2 Emission on BIS Using Tier 3 Methodology - A Case Study on Daejun-Chungjoo Project - (Tier 3 방법론을 활용한 BIS 사업의 CO2 저감효과 분석 - 대전-청주 간 광역BIS 사업을 중심으로 -)

  • Chung, Younshik;Song, Taijin;Kim, Jeongwan
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.3D
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    • pp.375-381
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    • 2011
  • This study presents an analysis of $CO_2$ emission reduction effect on bus information system (BIS) which is operated to improve various services of bus transit such as rapid and on-time service. Although the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released three methodological types of models for analyzing the amount of greenhouse gas reduction, this study used the Tier 3 method that is the most concrete one. A case study was performed to a 8.3 km section of Daejun-Chungjoo BIS system, and dataset required to the Tier 3 method was obtained from ITS-based surveillance systems. The study result showed that the reduction effect of $CO_2$ on BIS operation was yearly $39.45tCO_2/km$. Therefore, such effect can be potentially useful to a measurement of effectiveness (MOE) of BIS projects hereafter.

The impact of lymph node count on survival in gastric cancer

  • Ahn, Ha Rim;Han, Se Wung;Yang, Doo Hyun;Kim, Chan Young
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.120-127
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the immunologic role of lymph node (LN) and stage migration by assessing LN count and metastatic LN count. Methods: A total of 2,117 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma located in the body and antrum who underwent distal/subtotal gastrectomy with D2 LN dissection between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008 were enrolled. LN count and number of metastases were determined in the N1 tier (area of D1 dissection) and N2 tier (area of D2 dissection). The lower and upper quartiles of LN counts in the same pN stage were grouped to compare the prognosis and LN positivity according to the LN tier. Results: Stage migration from N1 tier to N2 tier occurred in 3.2% of cases. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates of the upper and lower LN count groups within the N1 tier were 91.0% and 86.7% (P=0.01), respectively. LN positivity in the N2 tier of the lower LN count group was higher than that of the upper LN count group (14.1% vs. 8.2%, P<0.01). Stage migration in the N2 tier of the lower LN count group was also higher than that of the upper LN count group (4.6% vs. 1.8%, P<0.01). Conclusion: The lower LN count group had a decreased survival rate compared to that of the upper LN count group, suggesting that perigastric LN has an immunological defense role in weakening the disseminating power of metastatic tumor cells, as indicated by the LN count.

Adaptational changes of behaviors in hens introduced to a multi-tier system

  • Cheon, Si Nae;Choi, Yang-Ho;Park, Kyu-Hyun;Lee, Jun Yeob;Jeon, Jung Hwan
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.62 no.2
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    • pp.276-291
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to investigate behavioral changes in laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) after transfer to a multi-tier system from the floor system and to examine their production performance. The hens were randomly divided into two groups and were allocated to the multi-tier system and the floor system at a commercial farm. Behavior of the laying hens was recorded by CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras and a digital video recorder. The data were scanned every 2 min to obtain an instantaneous behavioral sample or were immediately counted whenever the hens exhibited a designated behavior. Behavior changed dramatically during the first seven days. Egg production was higher in the multi-tier system, while cracked and dirty eggs were more frequent in the floor system (p < 0.05). No differences in mortality rate or egg quality were observed between the groups. In conclusion, the hens needed at least seven days to adapt to the multi-tier system. The multi-tier system was more efficient than the floor system in terms of production performance.