• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2007

Objective : The aim of this study was to categorize tic disorders and introduce the treatments of tic disorders in oriental medicine. This article includes the report of successful treatment with oriental medicine. Methods : The author classifided the terms of oriental medicine in associated with tic disorders based on DSM-IV and then studied symptoms, etiological causes, and treatment through ${\ll}$Dong yui bo gam Book${\gg}$ . Results and Conclusions : 1. The concept of Tic disorders is similar to Mok-cha (目箚), Gun-chuck-youk-soon, Soon-dong, Mae-hack-gi (梅核氣) and etc, in oriental medical term. 2. In oriental medicine, tic disorders can be classified Gan-poong-nae-dong-zung (肝風內動證) type, Dam-hwa-yo-sin-zung (淡火擾神證) type, Bee-her-gan-wang-zung (脾虛肝旺證) type and Gan-sin-um-her-zung (肝腎陰虛證) type. 3. In oriental medicine, tic disorders are treated by much(so) various therapy such as herb medication, acupuncture and moxibustion, oriental psychotherapy and dirigation (Gi-Gong, 氣功) etc. 4. Tourette’s disorder is not easy to cure. When the treatment of occidental medicine and that of oriental medicine are mutually cooperated, more effective medical care might be expected. Therefore, it is necessary for further study to treat tic disorders by mutually cooperated therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.236-241
• /
• 2023

Objectives: According to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, the main categories of tic disorders (F95.0, F95.1, and F95.2) follow a diagnostic hierarchy based on the duration and diversity of tic symptoms. The present study investigated the use of this diagnostic hierarchy in real-world clinical practice. Methods: Based on the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database, the diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) made after a diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) or Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) and diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) made after a diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) were referred to as type A errors. The diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) repeated after a period of >12 months was referred to as type B error. Demographic and clinical differences according to the diagnostic error types were analyzed using analysis of variance, Student's t-tests, and chi-squared tests. Results: Most participants (96.5%) were without errors in the diagnosis of tic disorders. Higher proportions of males (p=0.005) and antipsychotic prescriptions (p<0.001) were observed in patients with type A or B diagnostic errors. A higher proportion of health insurance holders was observed among those with type A errors (p=0.027). Conclusion: Errors were absent in majority of the tic diagnoses in real-world clinical practice in terms of the diagnostic hierarchy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study investigates lay beliefs about the etiology and treatments of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome, as well as identifying sociodemographic and personality variables affecting these beliefs among South Koreans. Methods: In total, 673 participants (mean age $41.77{\pm}12.03$ years) completed an online survey regarding their beliefs about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The factors related to their lay beliefs about the disorders were analyzed, and the correlates were investigated. Results: Results indicated that lay people in South Korea held strong beliefs that the causes of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome lie within the parenting/psychological and neurological/biological categories, compared to the dietary/environmental one. Among the sociodemographic variables, sex, age, and levels of subjective mental health knowledge were primarily associated with the aforementioned beliefs. Familiarity with tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome was also associated with these beliefs. Among the personality traits investigated, extraversion and conscientiousness had significant influences on the beliefs people had about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Conclusion: The results suggest that both policy makers and mental health service providers should adopt a strategic approach for developing and implementing health education interventions about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome because individual sociodemographic variables, familiarity with the disorders, and personality traits are all associated with the beliefs about these disorders.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.141-155
• /
• 2003

Method : Chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders are characterized which have one of the two kinds of tics for more than a year. It is characterized chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders that have one of the two kinds of tics for more than a year. But Tourette's disorder is a disease which has one or more motor tics and vocal tics for more than a year. Contemporary empirical studies have suggested the rate of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) or obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) in children with tic disorders be high. Objects : As society is confusing, tic disorders are increasing. Therefore, determining the treatment strategy in children with tic disorders is very important. So we studied the literatures of traditional chinese medicine about tic disorders and reported the results. Results : The principals for medical treatment were So-gan(疏肝), I-gi(理氣), Sik-pung(熄風), Gin-kyung(鎭痙), Chung-oel(淸熱) etc. Medicines treatment is used more than acupuncture treatment. The herbs are used Uncariae ramulus et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Poria(白茯岺), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Bupleuri Radi.x(柴胡), Fossilia ossis Mastodi(龍骨) etc. in the order named. Acupuncture points were used Naegwan(PC6), Shinmuin(HT7), P'ungnyur4(ST40), Paek'oe. (GV20), Chung-wan(CV12), Samumgye(SP6), Kongson(SP4), T'aech'ung(LR3) and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2010

Tic disorders, including Tourette syndrome, are known as neurobiologic disorders and as such, much emphasis has been placed on isolating genetic determinants. Although previous reports involving studies of discordance among monozygotic twins have shown the importance of genetic predisposition, they have also supported a role for environmental factors in the development of tic disorders. Therefore, it is important to consider that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to their clinical expression. The goal of this article was to review recent reports regarding the role of environmental factors in development and progression of tics. Specific environmental factors associated either with a more severe course of illness or improved outcomes were discussed. Given that accumulating evidence had suggested the usefulness of behavior therapies in the suppression of tic disorders, particular emphasis was placed on the impact of several contextual factors.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.85-101
• /
• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report test results in eight tic disorder children using Sensitiv $Imago^{TM}$. Methods Eight tic disorder children were tested using Sensitiv $Imago^{TM}$. Also, they were diagnosed with tic disorders by DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, $4^{th}$ edition) and we evaluated tic disorder cases by Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Results In 8 cases, 1 case was transient tic disorder, 3 cases were Tourette's disorder and 4 cases were unspecified tic disorder. In the result of Sensitiv $Imago^{TM}$, 4 cases showed the lowest score at filter ${\sharp}5^*$ and 4 cases showed the lowest score at filter ${\sharp}6^*$ in [Express Monitoring] of [Review of System Disorders of Homeostasis]. Filter #5 includes urogenital organs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, urinary bladder and ureter and Filter #6 stands for organs of immune and respiratory systems. Conclusion We report test results in eight tic disorder children using Sensitiv $Imago^{TM}$. Further studies about the principle, repeatability, reproducibility of Sensitiv $Imago^{TM}$ are needed.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2023

연구목적 본 연구는 틱장애 소아청소년들을 대상으로 틱증상 심각도, 전조 충동, 강박증상, 주의력결핍과잉행동 증상을 종단적으로 평가하여 틱장애의 임상적 특성을 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 방 법 본 연구는 10-18세 소아청소년 26명을 대상으로 틱증상, 전조충동, 강박증상, ADHD 증상에 관한 척도를 2차례 반복 측정 하였다. 반복 측정 상관 분석(repeated measures correlation analysis)을 통해 척도간 상관관계를 확인하였고 선형 혼합 모형(linear mixed model)을 이용한 회귀 분석을 통해 척도간 인과관계를 확인하였다. 결 과 틱장애 소아청소년들에서 전조충동은 틱증상 정도, 강박증상 정도, 주의력결핍과잉행동 증상 정도와 각각 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였고 주의력결핍과잉행동 증상은 틱증상 심각도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 강박장애를 공존질환으로 진단 받지 않은 틱장애 소아청소년들에서도 같았다. 또한 전조충동은 틱증상의 심각도에 유의한 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 이러한 결과는 틱장애 치료에 도움이 될 수 있으며 향후 발달 경로를 고려한 틱장애 연구에 활용될 수 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.765-772
• /
• 2012

In this study, a patient with both motor and vocal tic disorders of onset at age 34 was treated for a total of 316 days. The characteristics of the tic symptoms of the patient were examined and treated two to three times a week with herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping, and habit reversal treatment along with western medication prescribed to the patient from a psychiatric clinic. Furthermore, the condition of the patient was evaluated once a week by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS-K). Both motor and vocal tic symptoms deceased to a great amount after treatment and the patient was able to lower the dosage of western medication with the approval of her psychiatric doctor. This case suggests that Oriental medical treatment undergone with habit reversal treatment could improve tic disorders better than sole western medication treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Tic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple involuntary movements of muscles or vocalization. Although tic symptoms subside as the patient ages, some patients suffer from significant functional impairments related to severe tic symptoms. This manuscript aimed to review the latest scientific evidences for the effect of cognitive-behavioral interventions on tic disorder. Methods: The relevant studies were identified by searching medical research databases. We focused our search on studies published between 2000 and 2020 in order to reflect the latest scientific evidence. A total of 821 articles were identified in the initial database search and 27 articles were finally included for the review after the exclusion of duplicated and irrelevant articles. Results: Behavioral therapies including habit reversal training, Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, and exposure and response prevention were the most widely studied interventions for tic disorder and are recommended as first-line treatments for tic disorders with high confidence. Cognitive psychophysiologic approaches were also reported to be effective. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to support the future treatment of tics with low-cost and more widely available treatments, in order to ensure better treatment outcomes.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2021

It was observed that the effectiveness of Yin-yang balancing therapy of the tempromandibular joint (YBT) or functional cerebrospinal therapy (FCS) in three cases: an acute and a chronic motor tic disorder and a Tourrette's disorder (TD). These three cases were mainly managed with cervical balancing appliance for the Yin-yang Balancing on tempromandibular joint (TMJ) and pelvic balance therapy. They were treated concurrently with acupuncture, cupping and herb-medicine. Clinical outcome measurement was based on subjective measures with visual analogue scale (VAS), Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTTS) and clinical observations for 235, 279 and 273 days respectively. The patient showed positive changes after the treatment and this effect maintained over the follow-up period. Although it is not clear whether the effect is sustained afterwards or not, a positive effect on the motor tic disorders and TD was observed. And so, furthermore strict clinical and structural researches for verification on YBT is expected.